General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: Reye's syndrome is diagnosed by using which stain?

Oil-red-O stain. **Explanation:** **Reye’s Syndrome** is a rare but severe condition characterized by acute encephalopathy and fatty liver failure, typically following a viral illness (like Influenza or Varicella) in children treated with **Aspirin**. The hallmark pathological finding in the liver is **microvesicular steatosis** (small droplets of fat within hepatocytes). Because routine processing for H&E staining involves alcohol and xylene which dissolve lipids, fat appears as "clear vacuoles." To definitively demonstrate these lipid droplets, a **frozen section** must be used and stained with **Oil-red-O** or **Sudan Black**, which specifically stains neutral lipids bright red or black, respectively. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **A. Reticulin stain:** Used to visualize Type III collagen fibers. It is helpful in diagnosing liver cirrhosis or identifying the architectural framework in tumors, but it does not stain lipids. * **C. PAS (Periodic Acid-Schiff) stain:** Used to highlight glycogen, mucopolysaccharides, and fungal elements. While it is a common liver stain (e.g., for Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency), it does not detect fat. * **D. Muci-carmine stain:** Specifically used to identify epithelial mucin (e.g., in adenocarcinomas) and the capsule of *Cryptococcus neoformans*. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Pathogenesis:** Mitochondrial dysfunction leading to defective beta-oxidation of fatty acids. * **Electron Microscopy:** Shows characteristic "swelling and distortion of mitochondria" with loss of mitochondrial granules. * **Biochemical marker:** Elevated serum ammonia and transaminases with a normal or near-normal bilirubin. * **Aspirin Link:** Aspirin acts as a mitochondrial toxin in susceptible children; hence, Ibuprofen or Acetaminophen is preferred in pediatrics.

Question 1

Which of the following is a membrane receptor defect?

Accepted Answer

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Sickle cell disease

Answer

Henoch Schonlein purpura

Question 2

Reye's syndrome is diagnosed by using which stain?

Accepted Answer

Oil-red-O stain

Answer

Reticulin stain

Answer

PAS stain

Answer

Muci-carmine stain

Question 3

Calcitonin is a marker of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid

Answer

Prostate cancer

Answer

Pheochromocytoma

Answer

Pancreatic cancer

Question 4

Which of the following statements about calcification is true?

Accepted Answer

Psammoma bodies are formed with dystrophic calcification.

Answer

Calcification is most commonly seen in the kidneys.

Answer

Serum calcium is normal in metastatic calcification.

Answer

Mitochondria are the rarest organelles affected in calcification.

Question 5

What is the most common tumor of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Sarcoma

Answer

Hemangioma

Answer

Metastasis

Question 6

Which of the following is associated with the RET proto-oncogene?

Accepted Answer

Medullary carcinoma of thyroid

Answer

MEN1

Answer

Small cell carcinoma of lung

Answer

Melanoma

Question 7

Hypertrophy is a type of

Accepted Answer

Cellular adaptation

Answer

Cell injury

Answer

Carcinoma

Answer

Cell aging

Question 8

Gamma Gandy bodies contain hemosiderin and what other substance?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Magnesium

Question 9

Which organelle plays the most important role in apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi complex

Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

Russell bodies are seen in which of the following cell types?

Accepted Answer

None of the above

Answer

Lymphocytes

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Macrophages

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

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