General Pathology Practice Questions

Q: The SYT-SSXI gene fusion is associated with which of the following entities?

Synovial sarcoma. **Explanation:** The correct answer is **Synovial sarcoma**. **1. Why Synovial Sarcoma is Correct:** Synovial sarcoma is characterized by a highly specific reciprocal translocation, **t(x;18)(p11;q11)** [1]. This translocation results in the fusion of the **SYT** gene (also known as SS18) on chromosome 18 with the **SSX** gene (SSX1, SSX2, or rarely SSX4) on the X chromosome [1]. The resulting **SYT-SSX** fusion protein acts as an aberrant transcriptional regulator that disrupts chromatin remodeling (SWI/SNF complex), leading to oncogenesis. Despite its name, this tumor does not arise from synovial cells but from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells [1]. **2. Why Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Liposarcoma:** Associated with different mutations depending on the subtype. Well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas typically show **MDM2 amplification** (12q13-15), while Myxoid liposarcoma is characterized by **t(12;16)** involving the **FUS-CHOP** genes. * **Rhabdomyosarcoma:** Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is associated with **t(2;13)** or **t(1;13)**, resulting in **PAX3-FOXO1** or **PAX7-FOXO1** fusions, respectively. * **Ewing’s Sarcoma:** Characterized by **t(11;22)(q24;q12)**, which creates the **EWS-FLI1** fusion gene. **3. NEET-PG High-Yield Pearls:** * **Morphology:** Synovial sarcoma can be **Biphasic** (spindle cells + epithelial-like glands) or **Monophasic** (spindle cells only) [1]. * **Immunohistochemistry (IHC):** Positive for **TLE1** (highly sensitive/specific), Cytokeratin, and EMA. * **Location:** Most common in the deep soft tissues of the lower extremities (near joints) in young adults [1]. * **Radiology:** Often shows "speckled" calcifications on X-ray. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors, pp. 1225-1226.

Question 1

Deposition of protein Aβ2m is seen in which clinicopathologic category of amyloidosis?

Accepted Answer

Hemodialysis associated

Answer

Familial Mediterranean fever

Answer

Senile cerebral

Answer

Systemic senile

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT associated with tumor suppressor gene dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Answer

Breast cancers

Answer

Neurofibromatosis

Answer

Retinoblastoma

Question 3

Metastatic calcification is not seen in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Media of Monkeberg degeneration

Answer

Kidney tubules

Answer

Fundal glands of stomach

Answer

Alveoli of lungs

Question 4

A 50-year-old male with a history of excessive alcohol consumption presents with signs of alcoholic hepatitis. Microscopic examination of a liver biopsy reveals characteristic inclusions within hepatocytes. These inclusions are primarily composed of what substance?

Accepted Answer

Prekeratin intermediate filaments

Answer

Immunoglobulin

Answer

Excess plasma proteins

Answer

Basement membrane material

Question 5

The SYT-SSXI gene fusion is associated with which of the following entities?

Accepted Answer

Synovial sarcoma

Answer

Liposarcoma

Answer

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer

Ewing's sarcoma

Question 6

Caseous necrosis is typically seen in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Sarcoidosis

Answer

Cryptococcal infection

Answer

Gangrene

Question 7

What is the role of major histocompatibility complex protein?

Accepted Answer

Present antigens for recognition by the T cell antigen receptor

Answer

Transduce signals to T cells after antigen recognition

Answer

Mediate immunoglobulin class switching

Answer

Enhance the secretion of cytokines

Question 8

All of the following are true about Xanthogranulomatous inflammation, except:

Accepted Answer

Associated with tuberculosis

Answer

Characterized by yellow granulomas

Answer

Presence of giant cells

Answer

Presence of foam cells

Question 9

Which of the following is a DNA repair defect?

Accepted Answer

Bloom syndrome

Answer

Incontinentia pigmenti

Answer

Aplastic Anemia

Answer

Tuberous sclerosis

Question 10

Which feature is NOT shared between T cells and B cells?

Accepted Answer

Positive selection during development

Answer

Antigen-specific receptors

Answer

Class I MHC receptors

Answer

All of the above

General Pathology — MCQs

General Pathology — MCQs

On this page

Practice by Chapter

Want unlimited practice?