Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology Practice Questions

Q: What is true about Ameloblastoma?

Cystic lesion and rapidly growing. **Explanation:** Ameloblastoma is the most common clinically significant odontogenic tumor [1]. It arises from the odontogenic epithelium (dental lamina or enamel organ) and is characterized by a **locally aggressive** nature [1]. 1. **Why Option A is correct:** Ameloblastoma typically presents as a **multilocular cystic lesion** (often described as having a "soap bubble" or "honeycomb" appearance on X-ray) [1]. While it is histologically benign, it is known for being **locally invasive and rapidly growing**, leading to significant expansion and thinning of the cortical bone if not treated promptly [1]. 2. **Why other options are wrong:** * **Option B:** While it is rapidly growing, Option A is more comprehensive as it also identifies the cystic nature of the lesion. * **Option C:** Ameloblastoma is considered a **benign** but locally aggressive tumor [1]. True malignancy (Ameloblastic carcinoma) is rare. * **Option D:** The most common site is the **mandible** (specifically the molar-ramus area), accounting for about 80% of cases. While a similar-looking tumor called "Adamantinoma" occurs in the tibia, Ameloblastoma itself is a jaw tumor. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Radiology:** Classic "Soap bubble appearance." * **Histopathology:** Shows islands of epithelial cells with **"Palisading nuclei"** at the periphery and **"Stellate reticulum"** like cells in the center. * **Vickers-Gorlin Criterion:** Describes the characteristic histopathological features (basal cell hyperchromatism and reverse polarity). * **Treatment:** Wide surgical excision is required due to high recurrence rates with simple curettage. **References:** [1] Kumar V, Abbas AK, et al.. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Head and Neck, pp. 741-742.

Q: Which of the following is true about scurvy?

Bowing of legs.. **Explanation:** Scurvy results from a deficiency of **Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)**, which is a critical cofactor for the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues during collagen synthesis. Defective collagen formation leads to impaired osteoid matrix production and fragile blood vessels. **1. Why Option C is Correct:** In pediatric scurvy (Barlow’s disease), the primary defect is in the **formation of the osteoid matrix**, not mineralization. While the cartilage calcifies normally, it cannot be replaced by bone. This leads to a weak, brittle primary spongiosa. Under the stress of weight-bearing, these weakened bones undergo microfractures and deformities, leading to **bowing of the legs** (similar to rickets, though the underlying mechanism differs). **2. Why the Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Option A:** Skeletal changes are predominantly seen in **growing children**. In adults, the skeletal system is already formed; therefore, scurvy manifests primarily as gingival hemorrhages, perifollicular petechiae, and impaired wound healing rather than bone deformities. * **Option B:** Defective mineralization is the hallmark of **Rickets/Osteomalacia** (Vitamin D deficiency). In Scurvy, mineralization is normal, but the **protein matrix (collagen)** is defective. * **Option D:** Widening of the metaphyseal plate in scurvy is due to the **persistence of calcified cartilage** (which cannot be resorbed or replaced by bone), not callus overgrowth. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Radiological Signs:** * **Frankel’s Line:** Dense zone of provisional calcification at the epiphysis. * **Wimberger’s Ring:** Dense shell of calcification around a lucent epiphysis. * **Pelkan Spur:** Marginal bony outgrowths at the metaphysis. * **Trummerfeld Zone:** A lucent "scurvy line" representing the scorbutic lattice. * **Key Pathology:** Subperiosteal hemorrhage is a classic finding due to capillary fragility.

Question 1

Syncytial osteoclastic giant cells are seen in all except?

Accepted Answer

Osteosarcoma

Answer

Osteoid osteoma

Answer

Chondroblastoma

Answer

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Increased protein synthesis in muscle

Answer

Increased glucose uptake in muscle

Answer

Increased lipolysis in adipose tissue

Answer

Decreased gluconeogenesis in the liver

Question 3

What is true about Ameloblastoma?

Accepted Answer

Cystic lesion and rapidly growing

Answer

Rapidly growing

Answer

Cystic lesion and malignant disease

Answer

Cystic lesion and most common site is the tibia

Question 4

A 46-year-old woman with severe asthma, who is taking corticosteroids, presents with increasing weight and back pain for 9 months. An X-ray of the vertebrae will likely reveal which of the following pathologic findings?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Bone infarct

Answer

Dislocation

Answer

Osteomalacia

Question 5

Fibrous histiocytoma is classified as?

Accepted Answer

Sclerosing haemangioma

Answer

Hemangiopericytoma

Answer

Angiomyolipomas

Answer

Angiomyosarcoma

Question 6

A storiform pattern of fibrous tissue is characteristically seen in which of the following tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma

Answer

Fibrosarcoma

Answer

Neurofibroma

Answer

Ameloblastic fibroma

Question 7

What is the name of the granulomatous tissue responsible for the destruction of articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Pannus

Answer

Pulse granuloma

Answer

Baker's cyst

Answer

Immune granuloma

Question 8

A 28-year-old female presents with suprapubic pain, urinary frequency, and dysuria. She also passed blood in her last voided urine approximately 30 minutes ago. Urinalysis demonstrates pyuria but no white cell casts. Physical examination reveals suprapubic tenderness on palpation. Which of the following is the likely diagnosis in this patient?

Accepted Answer

Cystitis

Answer

Acute pyelonephritis

Answer

Chronic pyelonephritis

Answer

Fanconi syndrome

Question 9

Which of the following is true about scurvy?

Accepted Answer

Bowing of legs.

Answer

Skeletal changes in adults occur with deficiency of vitamin C.

Answer

Defective mineralization is the central cause of bone changes.

Answer

Callus overgrowth results in widening of the metaphyseal plate.

Question 10

Which of the following is abdominal angiitis?

Accepted Answer

Takayasu arteritis

Answer

Giant cell arteritis

Answer

Kawasaki disease

Answer

Polyarteritis nodosa

Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology — MCQs

Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology — MCQs

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