Viral Skin Infections — MCQs

Question 1: Condyloma acuminatum is caused by which virus?

• A. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
• B. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) (Correct Answer)
• C. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
• D. Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

Explanation: **Explanation:** **Condyloma acuminatum**, commonly known as anogenital warts, is caused by the **Human Papillomavirus (HPV)**. It is a sexually transmitted infection characterized by soft, cauliflower-like growths on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital and perianal regions. The virus infects the basal keratinocytes, leading to epidermal hyperplasia. * **Why HPV is correct:** Specifically, **HPV types 6 and 11** are responsible for approximately 90% of cases. These are considered "low-risk" types because they have a low potential for malignant transformation, unlike "high-risk" types (16 and 18) which are linked to cervical and anal carcinomas. * **Why other options are incorrect:** * **HSV (A):** Causes Herpes Simplex (Type 1: orofacial; Type 2: genital), presenting as painful, grouped vesicles on an erythematous base, not warty growths. * **HIV (C):** While HIV is a sexually transmitted virus that can coexist with HPV, it does not directly cause condyloma. However, HIV-induced immunosuppression can lead to more extensive and recalcitrant HPV lesions. * **VZV (D):** Causes Chickenpox (primary infection) and Herpes Zoster/Shingles (reactivation), characterized by dermatomal vesicular rashes. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** 1. **Histopathology:** Look for **Koilocytes** (keratinocytes with perinuclear halo and wrinkled "raisinoid" nuclei) in the upper epidermis. 2. **Diagnosis:** Usually clinical; application of 5% acetic acid (Acetowhitening) can help visualize subclinical lesions. 3. **Treatment:** Options include Podophyllotoxin, Imiquimod (immunomodulator), Cryotherapy, or Electrocautery. 4. **Note:** Do not confuse *Condyloma acuminatum* (HPV) with *Condyloma lata* (Secondary Syphilis).