Nutrition and Health — MCQs
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the tape shown in the image?
Recommended daily dose of Iodine in a school-age child is:-
A child is obese if he/she has weight-for-height according to growth chart standards -
Low osmolarity ORS - false statement is
Body mass index is also known as
According to the traditional definition, a person is classified as obese if they are overweight by ----% above the accepted standards -
FFHC stands for
What is the health indicator obtained by dividing body height (in centimeters) by cube root of body weight (in kilograms) -
What is the BMI range for overweight classification?
Among the given options, which dried fruit has the highest calcium concentration per 100g?
Nutrition and Health Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 571: Which of the following statements is true regarding the tape shown in the image?
- A. Reading of 13.5 to 14.5 cm is considered undernourished.
- B. It is called Shelter's tape.
- C. It is used to assess severe acute malnutrition. (Correct Answer)
- D. It is useful mainly for frontline field workers.
Explanation: ***It is used to assess severe acute malnutrition.*** - The tape shown is a **Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)** tape, which is a simple and effective tool for screening children aged 6-59 months for **severe acute malnutrition (SAM)**. - The color-coded sections (red, yellow, green) on the tape directly indicate nutritional status to facilitate rapid assessment and decision-making for intervention. *Reading of 13.5 to 14.5 cm is considered undernourished.* - A MUAC reading between **11.5 cm and 12.5 cm** often indicates **moderate acute malnutrition (MAM)**, falling in the yellow zone on many MUAC tapes. - A reading of **13.5 to 14.5 cm** would typically fall in the **green zone**, indicating a **healthy nutritional status** for children aged 6-59 months, not undernourished. *It is called Shelter's tape.* - The tape shown is known as a **MUAC tape** (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference tape), not Shelter's tape. - There is no widely recognized medical assessment tool called "Shelter's tape" for nutritional assessment. *It is useful mainly for frontline field workers.* - While it is indeed a valuable tool for **frontline field workers** due to its simplicity and ease of use in community settings, it is also utilized by **healthcare professionals** in clinics and hospitals for rapid screening and assessment of malnutrition. - Its utility extends beyond just field workers, making it an essential tool in various healthcare settings, especially in low-resource environments.
Question 572: Recommended daily dose of Iodine in a school-age child is:-
- A. 120-200 ug
- B. 30-60 ug
- C. 500 ug
- D. 90-120 ug (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***90-120 ug*** - The recommended daily intake of iodine for **school-age children (6-12 years)** is 90-120 micrograms (µg), which supports normal growth and thyroid function. - According to **WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD recommendations**, children in this age group require 120 µg/day for optimal thyroid hormone synthesis. - Adequate iodine intake is crucial for the production of **thyroid hormones**, which regulate metabolism and brain development. *120-200 ug* - This range is higher than recommended for school-age children. - **Adolescents (≥12 years) and adults** require 150 µg/day, and **pregnant/lactating women** require 250 µg/day. *30-60 ug* - This range is **insufficient for children** and well below WHO recommendations. - Even **infants and young children (0-5 years)** require 90 µg/day, making this range inadequate for any pediatric age group. - Such low intake could lead to **iodine deficiency** and impaired thyroid function. *500 ug* - This amount is significantly higher than the recommended daily intake for children and could cause **iodine excess** or toxicity. - High doses of iodine can paradoxically inhibit thyroid function and lead to conditions like **iodine-induced hyperthyroidism** or hypothyroidism. - The **tolerable upper intake level** for children is much lower than this amount.
Question 573: A child is obese if he/she has weight-for-height according to growth chart standards -
- A. 1 SD from median weight for height
- B. 2 SD from median weight for height (Correct Answer)
- C. 3 SD from median weight for height
- D. None of the options
Explanation: ***2 SD from median weight for height*** - According to **WHO growth chart standards**, a child is considered **obese** if their weight-for-height measurement is **≥ +2 standard deviations (SD)** above the median. - This cutoff (weight-for-height Z-score ≥ +2 SD) signifies a high degree of adiposity relative to height, indicating significant risk of obesity-related health issues. - Alternatively, **BMI-for-age ≥ +2 SD** can also be used to define childhood obesity. *1 SD from median weight for height* - A weight-for-height between **+1 SD and +2 SD** above the median typically indicates **overweight** (at risk of obesity), but not yet obesity, according to WHO growth standards. - While concerning and requiring monitoring, it does not meet the criteria for obesity. *3 SD from median weight for height* - A weight-for-height of **≥ +3 SD** above the median is classified as **severe obesity** or **severe acute malnutrition** (if severely underweight). - This represents an even more extreme level of adiposity than the standard definition of obesity. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because **≥ +2 SD from the median weight for height** is the internationally recognized WHO threshold for classifying obesity in children based on growth charts.
Question 574: Low osmolarity ORS - false statement is
- A. Sodium concentration 75 mmol/liter
- B. Osmolarity is 311 mosm/liter (Correct Answer)
- C. Potassium is 20 mmol/liter
- D. Glucose concentration 75 mmol/liter
Explanation: ***Osmolarity is 311 mosm/liter*** - Low osmolarity ORS has an osmolarity of **245 mOsm/L**, calculated as: **Sodium 75 + Potassium 20 + Chloride 65 + Glucose 75 + Citrate 10 = 245 mOsm/L**. - An osmolarity of **311 mOsm/L** corresponds to the **standard WHO ORS**, not the low osmolarity ORS which was developed to reduce osmotic load. *Sodium concentration 75 mmol/liter* - This statement is **true** for low osmolarity ORS, as its sodium concentration is indeed **75 mmol/L**. - The reduced sodium concentration (compared to **90 mmol/L** in standard ORS) helps achieve the lower overall osmolarity. *Potassium is 20 mmol/liter* - This statement is **true** for low osmolarity ORS, as it contains **20 mmol/L of potassium**. - Potassium is crucial for replacing **electrolyte losses** in diarrhea and maintaining intracellular fluid balance. *Glucose concentration 75 mmol/liter* - This statement is also **true** for low osmolarity ORS, with a glucose concentration of **75 mmol/L (13.5 g/L)**. - The glucose promotes **sodium-glucose co-transport** in the intestine, facilitating water absorption despite lower sodium concentration.
Question 575: Body mass index is also known as
- A. Corpulence index
- B. Broca's index
- C. Lorentz's formula
- D. Quetelet's index (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Quetelet's index*** - The Body Mass Index (BMI) was initially developed by **Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet** in the 19th century as a simple measure to assess whether a person’s weight is healthy in proportion to their height. - Hence, it is also commonly referred to as the **Quetelet's index**. *Corpulence index* - This term is a general descriptor for measures of **body fatness** or stoutness and is not a specific synonym for BMI. - While BMI is a measure of corpulence, "corpulence index" is not an interchangeable scientific name. *Broca's index* - **Broca's index** is another formula used to estimate ideal body weight, calculated as height in centimeters minus 100. - It differs from BMI in its calculation and purpose, not being a direct synonym for BMI. *Lorentz's formula* - **Lorentz's formula** is used to calculate ideal body weight for men (height in cm - 100 - [(height in cm - 150)/4]) and women (height in cm - 100 - [(height in cm - 150)/2]). - This formula provides an ideal weight estimate, unlike BMI which provides a ratio of weight to height, and thus is not a synonym for BMI.
Question 576: According to the traditional definition, a person is classified as obese if they are overweight by ----% above the accepted standards -
- A. 5%
- B. 20% (Correct Answer)
- C. 15%
- D. 10%
Explanation: ***20%*** - According to the **traditional/classical definition**, an individual is classified as obese if their body weight is **20% or more above** their ideal or healthy weight as determined by standard weight-for-height charts. - This threshold was historically used to differentiate obesity from general overweight status, indicating significantly increased **health risk**. - **Note:** Modern medical practice primarily uses **BMI (Body Mass Index)** criteria where obesity is defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m², but the 20% threshold remains a classical reference in medical literature. *5%* - A 5% excess in body weight above accepted standards is considered only **mildly overweight** and does not meet any clinical definition of obesity. - This level of weight gain poses **minimal health risks** compared to obesity. *15%* - Being 15% overweight is generally categorized as **overweight**, but falls short of the classical 20% threshold for **obesity**. - While it may increase certain health risks, it doesn't meet the traditional obesity classification criteria. *10%* - A 10% excess in body weight above accepted standards is considered **overweight** but is not severe enough to be classified as obese by traditional criteria. - This level may warrant lifestyle modifications but doesn't carry the same **high-risk implications** as obesity.
Question 577: FFHC stands for
- A. Fund for health corporation
- B. Fund for human capacity
- C. Freedom from health corporation
- D. Freedom from hunger campaign (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Freedom from hunger campaign*** - **FFHC** is an acronym for **Freedom from Hunger Campaign**, an initiative focused on addressing global food insecurity and malnutrition. - This campaign aims to raise awareness and resources to combat **hunger** worldwide. *Fund for health corporation* - This option is incorrect as **FFHC** does not stand for "Fund for health corporation." - This term does not represent a recognized global health or hunger-related initiative. *Fund for human capacity* - This option is incorrect; **FFHC** is not an acronym for "Fund for human capacity." - The established meaning of FFHC relates to efforts against hunger, not general human capacity funding. *Freedom from health corporation* - This option is incorrect as **FFHC** refers to a hunger campaign, not a movement against health corporations. - This phrase does not align with the widely accepted meaning and focus of the **FFHC** initiative.
Question 578: What is the health indicator obtained by dividing body height (in centimeters) by cube root of body weight (in kilograms) -
- A. Quetelet's Index
- B. Corpulence Index
- C. Broca Index
- D. Ponderal Index (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Ponderal Index*** - The **Ponderal Index** (also known as the Rohrer Index) is calculated as height (cm) / (weight (kg))^(1/3). - It is used as a measure of **leanness** or **stockiness** related to body mass. - This index is particularly useful in assessing body proportions in **newborns and infants**. *Quetelet's Index* - This is another name for the **Body Mass Index (BMI)**, calculated as weight (kg) / height (m)^2. - BMI is a widely used measure for classifying **underweight, normal weight, overweight**, and **obesity**. - Also known as the **Corpulence Index**. *Corpulence Index* - The term **Corpulence Index** is another name for **Quetelet's Index (BMI)**. - It refers to the measure of **body fatness** or weight-for-height ratio. - Formula: weight (kg) / height (m)^2. *Broca Index* - The **Broca Index** is a simple formula used to estimate ideal body weight: height (cm) - 100 = ideal weight (kg). - It is a less precise measure and doesn't involve the cube root calculation.
Question 579: What is the BMI range for overweight classification?
- A. 18-20
- B. 15-18
- C. 25 to 29.99 (Correct Answer)
- D. None of the options
Explanation: ***25 to 29.99*** - A **Body Mass Index (BMI)** between **25.0 and 29.9 kg/m²** is classified as **overweight** according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and other major health organizations. - This range indicates an elevated risk for various health problems such as **type 2 diabetes**, **hypertension**, and **cardiovascular diseases**. *18-20* - A BMI range of **18.5 to 24.9 kg/m²** is typically considered **normal weight**. - A BMI between 18 and 20 falls within the **healthy weight category**, not overweight. *15-18* - A BMI between **15.0 and 18.4 kg/m²** is classified as **underweight**. - This low range can indicate health risks like **malnutrition** and weakened immune function. *None of the options* - This option is incorrect because **25 to 29.99** accurately represents the BMI range for overweight classification. - The other provided ranges are for underweight or normal weight classifications.
Question 580: Among the given options, which dried fruit has the highest calcium concentration per 100g?
- A. Amla
- B. Dates
- C. Guava
- D. Figs (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Figs*** - **Figs** are known for their exceptionally high calcium content among fruits, providing approximately **162-180 mg of calcium per 100g**. - This makes them a superior choice for dietary calcium intake compared to other options listed. *Amla* - **Amla (Indian gooseberry)** contains a moderate amount of calcium, typically around **25 mg per 100g**. - While rich in vitamin C and antioxidants, its calcium concentration is significantly lower than that of figs. *Dates* - **Dates** offer a decent amount of calcium, averaging about **39 mg per 100g**. - They are primarily recognized for their high sugar content and fiber, not as a primary source of calcium. *Guava* - **Guava** provides calcium, but in smaller quantities, generally around **18-20 mg per 100g**. - It is more celebrated for its high vitamin C and dietary fiber content.
Practice by Chapter
Basic Nutritional Requirements
Practice Questions
Assessment of Nutritional Status
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Protein-Energy Malnutrition
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Micronutrient Deficiencies
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Nutritional Programs in India
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Dietary Guidelines
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Food Safety and Security
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Diet and Non-Communicable Diseases
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Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation
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Infant and Young Child Nutrition
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Nutrition in Emergencies
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Food Fortification and Supplementation
Practice Questions
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