Infectious Diseases Practice Questions

Q: Which is the mosquito shown in the figure?

Aedes. ***Aedes*** - The mosquito in the figure is an **Aedes mosquito**, identifiable by the distinctive **black and white striped pattern** on its legs and body. - Aedes mosquitoes are known vectors for diseases like **dengue**, chikungunya, Zika, and yellow fever. *Anopheles* - **Anopheles mosquitoes** typically have a plain brown or grey body and often rest with their abdomen pointing upwards at an angle to the surface. - They are primarily recognized for transmitting **malaria**. *Culex* - **Culex mosquitoes** are generally brown and have unpatterned legs; they typically rest with their body parallel to the surface. - They are vectors for diseases such as **West Nile virus** and filariasis. *Mansonia* - **Mansonia mosquitoes** are distinguished by broad scales on their wings and often have speckled bodies and legs, though their patterns are different from the distinct banding of Aedes. - They are known to transmit **lymphatic filariasis**.

Q: Which is the type of mosquito shown below?

Aedes mosquito. The provided image is a mosquito. Based on the characteristics visible, particularly the **striped legs and body**, it appears to be an **Aedes mosquito**. Here's an explanation of why each option might be correct or incorrect: ***Aedes mosquito*** - Recognizable by its **black and white striped patterns** on the legs and body. - This genus is a significant vector for diseases like **dengue**, **chikungunya**, and **Zika fever**. *Anopheles mosquito* - Anopheles mosquitoes often have **dark and pale scales on their wings**, creating a spotted appearance, which isn't distinct here. - They typically rest with their **abdomen raised at an angle** to the surface, differing from the posture seen. *Culex mosquito* - Culex mosquitoes usually have a **more uniform brownish body** and **unmarked wings**. - They tend to rest with their **body parallel to the surface**, but lack the distinct striped pattern seen in the image. *Haemagogus mosquito* - Haemagogus mosquitoes are known for their **bright metallic blue or purple coloration**, which is not present in the image. - They are primarily forest-dwelling and can also transmit yellow fever.

Q: The insect shown in the figure is a vector of which of these diseases?

Yellow fever. ***Yellow Fever*** - The image shows a **mosquito** with characteristics consistent with **Aedes** species (likely *Aedes aegypti*), which is the primary vector for **yellow fever** - *Aedes* mosquitoes have distinctive **white markings** on legs and body (lyre-shaped pattern on thorax), which are clearly visible in the image - Yellow fever is a viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted through the bite of an infected *Aedes aegypti* mosquito *Leishmaniasis* - Transmitted by **sandflies** (*Phlebotomus* and *Lutzomyia* species), not mosquitoes - Sandflies are much smaller, hairy, and have distinctive wing positioning *Filaria (Lymphatic Filariasis)* - Transmitted by ***Culex*** mosquitoes (e.g., *Culex quinquefasciatus*) - *Culex* mosquitoes have a characteristic blunt abdomen and parallel resting posture, and lack the prominent white markings seen in the image *Malaria* - Transmitted by ***Anopheles*** mosquitoes - *Anopheles* have a distinctive **resting posture** with abdomen raised at an angle (approximately 45°) to the surface - The mosquito shown does not exhibit this angled resting posture, ruling out *Anopheles*

Q: The larva shown belongs to which mosquito?

Anopheles. ***Anopheles*** - The larva is characterized by its **orientation parallel to the water surface**, due to the absence of a long breathing siphon. - Presence of **palmate hairs** on the abdominal segments helps in flotation at the water surface. *Culex* - The larva of *Culex* mosquitoes typically has a **long, slender breathing siphon** and hangs downwards from the water surface at an angle. - It does not possess the prominent palmate hairs seen in *Anopheles* for surface flotation. *Mansonia* - *Mansonia* larvae are unique because they have a **modified siphon adapted for piercing aquatic plant stems** to obtain oxygen, rather than breathing directly from the surface. - Consequently, they are typically found attached to submerged vegetation and do not float at the water surface. *Aedes* - Similar to *Culex*, *Aedes* larvae possess a **siphon for breathing**, causing them to hang downward from the water surface. - However, the siphon of *Aedes* is generally **shorter and stouter** than that of *Culex*, and they also lack palmate hairs for surface flotation.

Q: Which services are provided at a Suraksha Clinic?

C. RTI/STI. Suraksha Clinics provide services for reproductive tract infections and sexually transmitted infections (RTI/STI).

Q: Identify the component of NACP as shown in the image:

PPTCT. ***PPTCT*** - The image depicts a family (father, mother, and child) within the **red ribbon** symbol for HIV/AIDS awareness. This strongly represents the concept of **Prevention of Parent-to-Child Transmission (PPTCT)**, which aims to prevent HIV transmission from an infected mother to her baby. - PPTCT programs include **HIV testing for pregnant women**, antiretroviral therapy for HIV-positive mothers, and safe infant feeding practices. *Ayush* - **AYUSH** refers to traditional Indian systems of medicine (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopathy) and is not directly represented by the family-and-ribbon imagery in the context of HIV prevention. - While AYUSH may be integrated into some health programs, it is not the primary visual representation for HIV transmission prevention in families. *ICTC* - **Integrated Counseling and Testing Centres (ICTC)** provide voluntary counseling and testing for HIV but primarily focus on individual diagnosis and counseling, not explicitly on preventing transmission within a family unit as depicted. - While ICTC is a component of NACP, the image's emphasis on parents and child more directly aligns with PPTCT. *Blood transfusion* - Measures related to **blood transfusion safety** focus on screening donated blood for HIV to prevent transmission through blood products. - The image does not show any elements related to blood donation, blood bags, or transfusion procedures, making this option less likely.

Q: Identify the symbol as given in the image:

HIV/AIDS. ***HIV/AIDS*** - The **red ribbon** is an internationally recognized symbol of **awareness and solidarity** for people living with HIV/AIDS. - It is worn to visually express compassion for people with AIDS and their caregivers, and to support the prevention of further HIV infection. *Malaria* - The **red cross** on a white background is the traditional symbol for **medical care and humanitarian aid**, not specifically malaria. - While malaria is a significant global health issue, it does not have the red ribbon as its primary symbol. *Leprosy* - There is no universally recognized specific ribbon color or symbol for **leprosy awareness**, unlike the red ribbon for HIV/AIDS. - Awareness campaigns for leprosy often use different designs or general health symbols. *Tuberculosis* - The **Red Cross double bar** or **Cross of Lorraine** is sometimes associated with tuberculosis campaigns, especially in the past. - The red ribbon is not the symbol for tuberculosis.

Q: Identify the symbol in the image:

MDT. ***Correct Answer: MDT (Multi-Drug Therapy)*** - The image depicts a human figure divided into two halves, one red and one orange, against a yellow circle. This specific logo is widely recognized as the **Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT)** symbol for leprosy under the National Leprosy Eradication Programme. - The human figure within a circle represents holistic treatment and the goal of restoring health and dignity to individuals affected by leprosy. - MDT is the cornerstone of leprosy treatment. Its composition depends on leprosy classification: paucibacillary (PB) MDT consists of rifampicin and dapsone, whereas multibacillary (MB) MDT consists of rifampicin, dapsone, and clofazimine. *Incorrect: DOTS* - **DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment, Short-course)** is a strategy for tuberculosis control, not leprosy. - The DOTS logo typically focuses on lungs or abstract representations of TB treatment and does not match the image shown. *Incorrect: ART* - **ART (Antiretroviral Therapy)** is used for HIV/AIDS treatment. - ART program logos generally incorporate themes related to HIV/AIDS awareness, often including ribbons or stylized health symbols, which differ from the image provided. *Incorrect: NRHM* - **NRHM (National Rural Health Mission)** is a government initiative in India for strengthening rural healthcare infrastructure. - The NRHM logo typically incorporates national symbols or themes related to rural health and community, such as families or health workers, not the dual-colored human figure shown in the image.

Q: The Nikshay programme is used for monitoring:

D. TB. Nikshay is India’s web-based system for tuberculosis surveillance, patient tracking, and programme monitoring.

Question 1

The image below shows three mosquito larvae labeled Panel A, Panel B, and Panel C. Identify which panel shows the Anopheles mosquito larva:

Accepted Answer

Panel A – Larva resting parallel to the water surface with no respiratory siphon

Answer

Panel B – Larva resting at an angle to the water surface with a short stout air tube

Answer

Larva with prominent siphon and hair tufts at angle to water surface

Answer

Panel C – Larva resting at an angle to the water surface with a long slender air tube

Question 2

Which is the mosquito shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

Aedes

Answer

Culex

Answer

Anopheles

Answer

Mansonia

Question 3

Which is the type of mosquito shown below?

Accepted Answer

Aedes mosquito

Answer

Culex mosquito

Answer

Anopheles mosquito

Answer

Haemagogus mosquito

Question 4

The insect shown in the figure is a vector of which of these diseases?

Accepted Answer

Yellow fever

Answer

Leishmaniasis

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Filaria

Question 5

The larva shown belongs to which mosquito?

Accepted Answer

Anopheles

Answer

Culex

Answer

Mansonia

Answer

Aedes

Question 6

Which services are provided at a Suraksha Clinic?

Accepted Answer

C. RTI/STI

Answer

A. Diarrhea clinic

Answer

B. Child Survival and Safe Motherhood clinic

Answer

D. Blood bank services

Question 7

Identify the component of NACP as shown in the image:

Accepted Answer

PPTCT

Answer

Ayush

Answer

ICTC

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 8

Identify the symbol as given in the image:

Accepted Answer

HIV/AIDS

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Leprosy

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 9

Identify the symbol in the image:

Accepted Answer

MDT

Answer

DOTS

Answer

ART

Answer

NRHM

Question 10

The Nikshay programme is used for monitoring:

Accepted Answer

D. TB

Answer

A. OCP usage

Answer

B. Chandler index

Answer

C. Leprosy

Infectious Diseases — MCQs

Infectious Diseases — MCQs

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