Infectious Diseases Practice Questions

Q: Suraksha Clinics are conducted under the aegis of which National Health Programme?

Reproductive and Child Health Programme. ***Reproductive and Child Health Programme*** - **Suraksha Clinics** (also known as Surakshit Matritva Suraksha or SMS Clinics) are established under the **Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme** to provide comprehensive **maternal and child health services**. - These clinics offer services including **antenatal care (ANC), postnatal care (PNC), institutional deliveries, family planning**, and management of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. - They are part of India's efforts to ensure **safe motherhood** and reduce maternal and infant mortality rates. *National AIDS Control Programme* - This program focuses on **HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment** through services like counseling, testing (ICTC), and antiretroviral therapy (ART centers). - While it operates various specialized centers for HIV care, **Suraksha Clinics are not part of NACP** but are specifically for maternal and child health. *Iodine Deficiency Disorders Programme* - This program aims to prevent **iodine deficiency** through universal salt iodization and monitoring of IDD prevalence. - It does not involve clinic-based maternal health services like Suraksha Clinics. *Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme* - This program (now National TB Elimination Programme) is dedicated to **tuberculosis diagnosis, treatment, and control** through DOTS and other strategies. - It operates designated microscopy centers (DMCs) and treatment facilities, not Suraksha Clinics for maternal care.

Q: Consider the following diseases: 1. Yellow fever 2. Q fever 3. Chikungunya fever 4. Relapsing fever 5. Japanese encephalitis 6. Sleeping sickness Which of the above are transmitted by mosquitoes?

1, 3 and 5. ***1, 3 and 5*** - **Yellow fever** (1), **Chikungunya fever** (3), and **Japanese encephalitis** (5) are all **mosquito-borne viral diseases**. - These diseases are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected mosquitoes, primarily species like *Aedes* and *Culex*. *4, 5 and 6* - **Relapsing fever** (4) is transmitted by **ticks or lice**, not mosquitoes. - **Sleeping sickness** (6) is transmitted by the **tsetse fly**, not mosquitoes. *1, 2, 3, and 6* - **Q fever** (2) is caused by the bacterium *Coxiella burnetii* and is typically transmitted through **aerosols from infected animals**, not mosquitoes. - As mentioned, **Sleeping sickness** (6) is transmitted by the **tsetse fly**. *2, 3 and 5* - **Q fever** (2) is transmitted via **aerosols from infected animals**, not mosquitoes. - While Chikungunya fever (3) and Japanese encephalitis (5) are mosquito-borne, the inclusion of Q fever makes this option incorrect.

Q: Consider the following diseases: 1. Measles 2. Polio 3. Staphylococcal food poisoning 4. Typhoid Which of the above are the correct examples for incubation period of 10-14 days?

1 and 4. ***1 and 4*** - **Measles** has a typical incubation period of **10 to 14 days** from exposure to the onset of fever, fitting perfectly within the specified range. - **Typhoid fever** (caused by *Salmonella Typhi*) has an incubation period ranging from **7 to 21 days**, with **10-14 days being the average**, making it a correct example. *2 and 4* - **Polio** has an incubation period of **3 to 35 days** (commonly 6 to 20 days), which is too broad and variable to be classified specifically as a 10-14 day incubation disease. - Typhoid does fit the 10-14 day range, but Polio does not specifically match this criterion. *3 and 4* - **Staphylococcal food poisoning** has a very short incubation period of **30 minutes to 6 hours** due to preformed toxins, making it completely outside the 10-14 day range. - While Typhoid fits, Staphylococcal food poisoning clearly does not. *1 and 3* - While **Measles** correctly has a 10-14 day incubation period, **Staphylococcal food poisoning** has only **30 minutes to 6 hours**, making this combination incorrect.

Q: Rheumatic Heart Disease can be prevented by:

Treatment of respiratory infections in children. ***Treatment of respiratory infections in children (Correct Answer)*** - **Prompt and adequate treatment** of Group A Streptococcal pharyngitis (strep throat) with antibiotics (typically Penicillin) is the **primary prevention method** for acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). - This prevents the immune-mediated inflammatory response that leads to damage of heart valves, which is the hallmark of RHD. - **Primary prevention** involves treating the initial streptococcal infection within 9 days of onset to prevent ARF development. *Screening of school going children* - Screening asymptomatic school-going children is **not a primary prevention strategy** as it doesn't prevent the initial infection or immune response. - While screening can help identify **existing cases of RHD** for secondary prevention (preventing disease progression and recurrence), it doesn't prevent the initial development of the disease. - Secondary prevention with benzathine penicillin prophylaxis is used after RHD is detected. *All of these* - This option is incorrect because **only one of the listed activities** represents true primary prevention of RHD. - While a comprehensive RHD control program may include multiple strategies (treatment, screening, health education), not all the options listed are valid prevention methods. *Vaccination against Streptococcus* - A **highly effective vaccine against all relevant strains of Group A Streptococcus** is **not currently available** for general use. - Research into streptococcal vaccines is ongoing, but challenges include the large number of M-protein serotypes (>200) and concerns about autoimmunity. - Such a vaccine would be a major breakthrough in preventing ARF and RHD in the future.

Q: Asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic organisms are called:

Healthy carrier. ***Healthy carrier*** - A **healthy carrier** harbors a **pathogenic organism** without showing any symptoms of the disease itself. - These individuals can **transmit the infection** to others, making them important in the spread of disease. *Incubatory carriers* - **Incubatory carriers** are individuals who are in the **incubation period** of a disease. - They can transmit the pathogen **before symptomatic onset** but will eventually develop symptoms. *Pseudo carriers* - This term is **not standard terminology** in epidemiology to describe asymptomatic carriers. - It might refer to individuals who carry a non-pathogenic organism or who test positive falsely. *Convalescent carriers* - **Convalescent carriers** are individuals who have **recovered from a disease** but continue to shed the pathogen. - They have already experienced the symptoms of the illness and are in the recovery phase.

Q: A person has presented with history of dog-bite on the uncovered surface of his right leg. There is a minor abrasion without bleeding. Consider the following statements about management : 1. The bite should be taken as a category I contact with suspect animal 2. The bite requires local treatment of the wound 3. The person requires immediate vaccination 4. The person requires immediate administration of rabies immunoglobulin Which of the above statements are correct ?

2 and 3 only. ***2 and 3 only*** - A minor abrasion without bleeding falls under **Category II exposure** per WHO guidelines, requiring **local wound treatment** and **immediate vaccination**. - **Category II exposures** are defined as nibbling of uncovered skin, minor abrasions without bleeding, or scratches without bleeding. *1 and 2* - The bite described (minor abrasion without bleeding) is classified as **Category II exposure** by WHO, not Category I. - **Category I contact** involves touching or feeding an animal, or licks on intact skin, requiring **no post-exposure prophylaxis** as there is no breach of skin integrity. *2, 3 and 4* - While local wound treatment and vaccination are correct for Category II exposure, **rabies immunoglobulin (RIG)** is not indicated for Category II. - RIG is reserved for **Category III exposures**, which involve single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, contamination of mucous membranes with saliva, or licks on broken skin. *3 and 4 only* - Immediate vaccination is correct, but **rabies immunoglobulin** is not necessary for a minor abrasion without bleeding (Category II exposure). - Administration of RIG is only indicated after **Category III exposures** due to the higher risk of rabies transmission.

Q: STDs are transmitted by

Direct contact. ***Direct contact*** - **Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)** are primarily spread through direct physical contact, most commonly during **sexual activity** (vaginal, anal, or oral sex). - This mode of transmission allows for the exchange of infected bodily fluids or skin-to-skin contact, leading to the spread of pathogens like bacteria, viruses, or parasites. *Contact with soil* - Diseases transmitted through contact with soil, such as **tetanus** or **hookworm infections**, typically involve pathogens that reside in the soil. - This is not a primary mode of transmission for common STDs. *Droplet infection* - **Droplet infection** involves the transmission of pathogens through respiratory droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, or talking, like in **influenza** or **tuberculosis**. - STDs are generally not aerosolized and do not spread through this route. *Vector borne* - **Vector-borne diseases** are transmitted by an intermediate organism, often an insect (e.g., **mosquitoes** for malaria, **ticks** for Lyme disease). - STDs do not rely on vectors for transmission between human hosts.

Question 1

Suraksha Clinics are conducted under the aegis of which National Health Programme?

Accepted Answer

Reproductive and Child Health Programme

Answer

Iodine Deficiency Disorders Programme

Answer

National AIDS Control Programme

Answer

Revised National Tuberculosis Control programme

Question 2

Consider the following diseases:

1. Yellow fever
2. Q fever
3. Chikungunya fever
4. Relapsing fever
5. Japanese encephalitis
6. Sleeping sickness

Which of the above are transmitted by mosquitoes?

Accepted Answer

1, 3 and 5

Answer

4, 5 and 6

Answer

1, 2, 3, and 6

Answer

2, 3 and 5

Question 3

Which states are qualified as high prevalence states in the context of HIV/AIDS?

Accepted Answer

When prevalence in high risk groups is more than 5%, and 1% or more in antenatal women

Answer

When prevalence in high risk groups is less than 5%, and less than 1% in antenatal women

Answer

When prevalence in high risk groups is less than 5%, and more than 1% in antenatal women

Answer

When prevalence in high risk groups is more than 5%, and less than 1% in antenatal women

Question 4

A 20 year old male is diagnosed as a case of dengue fever at a Primary Health Centre. What are the suitable measures to be taken for the prevention and control of dengue in that area?

Accepted Answer

Case management for DF and DHF, isolation and individual protection from mosquitoes and environmental measures for elimination of breeding places

Answer

Case management for DF and DHF and vaccination

Answer

Case management for DF and DHF, isolation and individual protection from mosquitoes and vaccination

Answer

Case management for DF and DHF, isolation and individual protection from mosquitoes

Question 5

Consider the following diseases:

1. Measles
2. Polio
3. Staphylococcal food poisoning
4. Typhoid Which of the above are the correct examples for incubation period of 10-14 days?

Accepted Answer

1 and 4

Answer

2 and 4

Answer

3 and 4

Answer

1 and 3

Question 6

With reference to meningococcal meningitis, which one of the following statements is not correct?

Accepted Answer

Treatment of cases has no significant effect in epidemiological pattern of disease

Answer

Fatality in untreated cases is 60%

Answer

Disease spreads mainly by droplet infection

Answer

Mass chemoprophylaxis causes immediate drop in incidence rate of cases

Question 7

Rheumatic Heart Disease can be prevented by:

Accepted Answer

Treatment of respiratory infections in children

Answer

Screening of school going children

Answer

All of these

Answer

Vaccination against Streptococcus

Question 8

Asymptomatic carriers of pathogenic organisms are called:

Accepted Answer

Healthy carrier

Answer

Incubatory carriers

Answer

Pseudo carriers

Answer

Convalescent carriers

Question 9

A person has presented with history of dog-bite on the uncovered surface of his right leg. There is a minor abrasion without bleeding. Consider the following statements about management :

1. The bite should be taken as a category I contact with suspect animal
2. The bite requires local treatment of the wound
3. The person requires immediate vaccination
4. The person requires immediate administration of rabies immunoglobulin Which of the above statements are correct ?

Accepted Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 and 2

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

3 and 4 only

Question 10

STDs are transmitted by

Accepted Answer

Direct contact

Answer

Contact with soil

Answer

Droplet infection

Answer

Vector borne

Infectious Diseases — MCQs

Infectious Diseases — MCQs

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