Infectious Diseases Practice Questions

Q: Consider the following statements regarding Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD): 1. It is transmitted by ticks. 2. It was originally called 'pig disease' because of the association with dead pigs. 3. It was first recognized in Karnataka State. How many of the statements given above are correct?

Only two of the statements. ***Only two of the statements*** - Statement 1 is **correct**: KFD is a **tick-borne viral hemorrhagic fever**, primarily transmitted by infected *Haemaphysalis spinigera* ticks - Statement 3 is **correct**: KFD was first identified in the **Kyasanur Forest of Karnataka, India** in 1957 - Statement 2 is **incorrect**: KFD was originally called **'monkey disease' or 'monkey fever'**, not 'pig disease', because of its strong association with **monkey deaths** which serve as an early warning sign *All the three statements* - Incorrect because Statement 2 is false - the disease was associated with monkeys, not pigs *None of the statements* - Incorrect because statements 1 and 3 are both factually accurate regarding **tick-borne transmission** and **geographical origin in Karnataka** *Only one of the statements* - Incorrect because two statements (1 and 3) are correct, not just one

Q: Consider the following statements regarding dengue : 1. The mosquito becomes infective after an extrinsic incubation period of 8-10 days. 2. Once it becomes infective, the mosquito remains infective for life. 3. The genital tract of the mosquito does not get infected. Which of the statements given above are correct?

1 and 2 only. ***1 and 2 only*** - The **extrinsic incubation period** for dengue in mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) is indeed **8-10 days** at optimal temperatures, after which the mosquito becomes infective. - Once infected, the mosquito's salivary glands harbor the virus, making it capable of transmitting dengue for the **rest of its life**. *2 and 3 only* - While statement 2 is correct, statement 3 is incorrect. The **genital tract of the mosquito can be infected**; vertical transmission (from infected female mosquito to offspring via eggs) is a known but less common route of spread. *1 and 3 only* - Statement 1 is correct, but statement 3 is incorrect as the **genital tract can be infected**, leading to vertical transmission in mosquitoes. *1, 2 and 3* - This option is incorrect because statement 3 is false. The dengue virus can infect the **genital tract** of the mosquito, allowing for **vertical transmission** to its offspring.

Q: Consider the following : 1. Land filling for source reduction. 2. Vaccination of pigs in the risk area. 3. Immunization of children in risk area. Which of the above are the recommended control strategies for Japanese Encephalitis ?

2 and 3 only. ***2 and 3 only*** - **Immunization of children** in risk areas is the **primary recommended control strategy** for Japanese Encephalitis, as children are particularly vulnerable to severe encephalitis and long-term neurological sequelae from JEV infection. Human vaccination is endorsed by WHO and forms the backbone of JE control programs. - **Vaccination of pigs**: While pigs act as **amplifying hosts** for JEV, **pig vaccination is NOT routinely recommended** by WHO or most national programs due to practical challenges (high turnover of pig populations, cost-effectiveness issues). However, some older guidelines and regional programs have included this as a supplementary strategy in specific contexts. *1 only* - **Landfilling for source reduction** is a method for **solid waste disposal** and is NOT a recommended strategy for Japanese Encephalitis control. - JE vectors (**Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes**) breed primarily in **rice paddies, irrigation channels, and stagnant water bodies**, not in areas affected by solid waste. - Appropriate environmental management would focus on **water management** in agricultural areas, not landfilling. *1, 2 and 3* - This option incorrectly includes **landfilling**, which is not a recognized JE control strategy. - Landfilling does not target the breeding sites of Culex mosquitoes that transmit JE. *1 and 2 only* - This option incorrectly includes **landfilling** and critically omits **human immunization**, which is the most important and universally recommended control measure. - Human vaccination provides direct protection and is the cornerstone of JE prevention in endemic areas.

Q: Diethyltoluamide is an effective :

Repellent. ***Repellent*** - **Diethyltoluamide (DEET)** is a highly effective and widely used **insect repellent**. - It works by creating an olfactory barrier that deters mosquitoes and other biting insects. *Agent against propagation of Anopheles* - While DEET can prevent bites from **Anopheles mosquitoes**, it doesn't directly target their reproduction or population growth. - Measures against propagation typically involve **larvicides**, habitat modification, or insecticidal spraying. *Space spray* - **Space sprays** are designed to kill insects in an area, often using insecticides like pyrethroids, rather than repelling them from an individual. - DEET's mechanism is to deter insects from landing on skin or clothing, not to kill them in an open space. *Larvicide* - **Larvicides** are chemical or biological agents used to kill insect larvae, particularly mosquito larvae, in aquatic breeding sites. - DEET is applied to the skin or clothing to prevent adult insect bites and does not act on larvae.

Q: Mansonioides mosquito transmits the following disease :

Brugian filariasis. ***Brugian filariasis*** - **Mansonioides mosquitoes** are the primary vectors for **Brugian filariasis**, caused by **Brugia malayi** and **Brugia timori**. - This form of filariasis is characterized by **lymphatic obstruction** and **elephantiasis**, predominantly affecting the limbs. *Dengue* - **Dengue** is a viral disease transmitted exclusively by **Aedes mosquitoes**, particularly **Aedes aegypti** and **Aedes albopictus**. - Symptoms include severe fever, headache, retro-orbital pain, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. *Bancroftian filariasis* - **Bancroftian filariasis**, caused by **Wuchereria bancrofti**, is primarily transmitted by **Culex** (e.g., *Culex quinquefasciatus*) and sometimes **Anopheles** or **Aedes mosquitoes**. - While leading to similar lymphatic complications as Brugian filariasis, its vector species differ from Mansonioides. *Malaria* - **Malaria** is transmitted solely by **Anopheles mosquitoes**, which carry the **Plasmodium parasite**. - The disease is characterized by recurring fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms, and can be life-threatening.

Q: The most sensitive index for surveillance of malaria transmission is :

Spleen rate. ***Spleen rate*** - The **spleen rate** (percentage of children 2-9 years old with palpable splenomegaly) is the most sensitive and cost-effective index for **long-term surveillance of malaria transmission**, particularly in endemic areas. - An enlarged spleen is a common manifestation of **chronic malaria infection**, reflecting repeated exposure and immune response. *Infant parasite rate* - While helpful, the **infant parasite rate**, which measures parasites in infants, may not capture the full burden of transmission across all age groups or long-term trends. - It primarily indicates **recent or ongoing transmission** affecting the most vulnerable population. *Parasite density index* - **Parasite density index** is a measure of the number of parasites per unit volume of blood in infected individuals. - It is crucial for assessing **individual infection severity** and drug efficacy but is less suitable as a sole population-level surveillance tool for overall transmission dynamics. *Proportional case rate* - The **proportional case rate** measures the proportion of all reported cases that are malaria-related. - This index is influenced heavily by **diagnosis and reporting biases** and may not accurately reflect true transmission intensity.

Question 1

Raju, a 6-year-old boy, was returning home from school. At the gate, he was scratched by a dog and there was some bleeding from the wound. Which option should be followed for the post-exposure prophylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Wash the wound, vaccinate with ARV and administer immunoglobulin

Answer

Wash the wound and vaccinate with ARV only

Answer

Wash and apply antiseptic to the wound

Answer

Wash the wound and administer a shot of tetanus toxoid

Question 2

Consider the following statements regarding Kyasanur Forest Disease (KFD):

1. It is transmitted by ticks.
2. It was originally called 'pig disease' because of the association with dead pigs.
3. It was first recognized in Karnataka State.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

Only two of the statements

Answer

All the three statements

Answer

None of the statements

Answer

Only one of the statements

Question 3

Consider the following statements regarding dengue :

1. The mosquito becomes infective after an extrinsic incubation period of 8-10 days.
2. Once it becomes infective, the mosquito remains infective for life.
3. The genital tract of the mosquito does not get infected. Which of the statements given above are correct?

Accepted Answer

1 and 2 only

Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 and 3 only

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Question 4

Consider the following statements with reference to the National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India, 2016–2030. Which of the following statements is correct?

1. The goal is to eliminate indigenous cases throughout the country by 2030.
2. By 2022, transmission of malaria is to be interrupted and indigenous cases brought to zero in all 26 States/UTs that were under Categories 1 and 2 in 2014.
3. By 2026, incidence of malaria is to be reduced to less than 1 case per 1000 population in all States and UTs, and their districts.
4. By 2030, indigenous transmission of malaria is to be interrupted in all States and UTs of India.

Accepted Answer

The goal is to eliminate indigenous cases throughout the country by 2030.

Answer

By 2026, incidence of malaria is to be reduced to less than 1 case per 1000 population in all States and UTs, and their districts.

Answer

By 2022, transmission of malaria is to be interrupted and indigenous cases brought to zero in all 26 States/UTs that were under Categories 1 and 2 in 2014.

Answer

By 2030, indigenous transmission of malaria is to be interrupted in all States and UTs of India.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about 'End TB Strategy'?

Accepted Answer

The strategy goes beyond patient care to promote TB prevention.

Answer

The milestone for 2025 is to reduce the TB deaths by 35% compared to 2015.

Answer

The strategy identifies four barriers to achieve progress in fight against TB.

Answer

The targets are to be achieved by 2035.

Question 6

Consider the following :

1. Land filling for source reduction.
2. Vaccination of pigs in the risk area.
3. Immunization of children in risk area. Which of the above are the recommended control strategies for Japanese Encephalitis ?

Accepted Answer

2 and 3 only

Answer

1 only

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

1 and 2 only

Question 7

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:

Accepted Answer

A→1  B→2  C→4  D→3

Answer

A→1  B→4  C→2  D→3

Answer

A→4  B→3  C→2  D→1

Answer

A→1  B→2  C→3  D→4

Question 8

Diethyltoluamide is an effective :

Accepted Answer

Repellent

Answer

Agent against propagation of Anopheles

Answer

Space spray

Answer

Larvicide

Question 9

Mansonioides mosquito transmits the following disease :

Accepted Answer

Brugian filariasis

Answer

Dengue

Answer

Bancroftian filariasis

Answer

Malaria

Question 10

The most sensitive index for surveillance of malaria transmission is :

Accepted Answer

Spleen rate

Answer

Infant parasite rate

Answer

Parasite density index

Answer

Proportional case rate

Infectious Diseases — MCQs

Infectious Diseases — MCQs

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