Health Policy and Management Practice Questions

Q: What is true about the National Population Policy 2000?

Achieve 100% birth and death registration.. **Explanation:** The **National Population Policy (NPP) 2000** was formulated with the long-term objective of achieving a stable population by 2045. It outlined specific socio-demographic goals to be achieved by 2010. **1. Why Option C is Correct:** One of the primary strategic goals of NPP 2000 was to achieve **100% registration** of births, deaths, marriages, and pregnancies. This is essential for accurate demographic data collection and effective implementation of health programs. **2. Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Option A (MMR):** The target was to reduce the Maternal Mortality Ratio to **less than 100 per 100,000 live births** (not 30 per 10,000). * **Option B (IMR):** The target was to reduce the Infant Mortality Rate to **less than 30 per 1,000 live births** (not 100 per 10,000). * **Option D (Institutional Deliveries):** The goal was to achieve **80% institutional deliveries** and 100% deliveries by trained personnel. Aiming for 100% institutional delivery is a more recent focus under schemes like Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY). **3. High-Yield NEET-PG Pearls:** * **Immediate Objective:** Address unmet needs for contraception, health infrastructure, and health personnel. * **Medium-term Objective:** Bring the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) to replacement levels (**TFR = 2.1**) by 2010. * **Long-term Objective:** Achieve a stable population by **2045**. * **Immunization Goal:** Achieve universal immunization of children against all vaccine-preventable diseases. * **Age of Marriage:** Promote delayed marriage for girls, preferably after 18 years of age (and ideally after 20).

Q: What was the recommendation of the Shrivasthava Committee?

Creation of multipurpose health workers. **Explanation:** The **Shrivasthava Committee (1975)**, formally known as the "Group on Medical Education and Support Manpower," was established to determine how to better integrate medical education with the health needs of the community. **Why Option B is Correct:** The committee’s primary and most high-yield recommendation was the creation of **Multipurpose Health Workers (MPWs)** and **Health Assistants**. It suggested that health services should be delivered through a cadre of workers trained to handle multiple tasks (immunization, family planning, malaria control) rather than vertical, single-program workers. This led to the launch of the **Rural Health Scheme** in 1977 and the introduction of the **Community Health Volunteer** (now known as ASHA/CHW) concept. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Option A (Abolition of private practice):** This was a key recommendation of the **Bhore Committee (1946)**, which aimed to ensure doctors focused solely on public service. * **Option C (Creation of PHCs):** The concept of the Primary Health Centre (PHC) as the basic unit of rural health services was the landmark recommendation of the **Bhore Committee (1946)**. **High-Yield NEET-PG Pearls:** * **Shrivasthava Committee (1975):** Think "S" for **S**upport Manpower and **S**cheme (Rural Health Scheme). It also recommended the establishment of a "Medical and Health Education Commission." * **Kartar Singh Committee (1973):** Often confused with Shrivasthava; it specifically designated ANMs as female MPWs and Malaria surveillance workers as male MPWs. * **Jungalwalla Committee (1967):** Known for "Integration of Health Services" and the slogan "Equal pay for equal work." * **Mudaliar Committee (1962):** Focused on strengthening existing PHCs and improving the quality of healthcare rather than just expansion.

Q: Which one of the following is not a source of a manager's power?

Efferent. This question tests the understanding of **French and Raven’s Five Bases of Power**, a fundamental concept in organizational management and health administration. ### **Explanation of the Correct Answer** **D. Efferent:** This is the correct answer because "efferent" is a physiological term referring to nerve impulses conducted outward from the brain or spinal cord (motor nerves). It has no relevance to management theory or organizational behavior. ### **Analysis of Incorrect Options (Sources of Power)** In 1959, social psychologists French and Raven identified five sources of power that a manager or leader can exercise: * **A. Reward Power:** The ability of a manager to give rewards (e.g., promotions, bonuses, or praise) to subordinates for compliance. * **B. Coercive Power:** The power to punish or recommend punishment (e.g., demotion, salary cuts, or reprimands) if an employee fails to meet expectations. It is based on fear. * **C. Legitimate Power:** Also known as **Positional Power**. It stems from the manager’s formal position or office held in the organization's hierarchy (e.g., a Medical Superintendent has legitimate power over a Junior Resident). ### **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG** * **Five Bases of Power:** The original five are **Legitimate, Reward, Coercive, Expert,** and **Referent**. * **Expert Power:** Based on the manager's specialized knowledge or skills (e.g., a Senior Consultant’s power due to clinical expertise). * **Referent Power:** Based on the manager's interpersonal relationships or charisma; others comply because they admire or identify with the leader. * **Management vs. Leadership:** Management focuses on systems and structures (Legitimate/Coercive), while Leadership focuses on people and influence (Referent/Expert).

Q: Which of the following goals under the National Health Policy 2002 was NOT scheduled to be achieved by 2010?

Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis. **Explanation:** The National Health Policy (NHP) 2002 set specific, time-bound targets for various health indicators. Understanding the distinction between these timelines is crucial for NEET-PG. **1. Why "Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis" is the correct answer:** Under NHP 2002, the goal for the **elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis was set for 2015**, not 2010. In public health terms, "elimination" of Filariasis refers to reaching a level where the disease is no longer a public health problem (Microfilaria rate 75% was a structural goal for 2010 to strengthen the primary healthcare delivery system. * **Option D:** The targets for **IMR (30/1000)** and **MMR (100/100,000)** were indeed set for 2010. (Note: NHP 2017 has since updated these targets to IMR 28 by 2019 and MMR 100 by 2020). **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **NHP 2002 Elimination Timelines:** * **2003:** Polio and Yaws (Yaws was actually eradicated in 2006, declared in 2016). * **2005:** Leprosy (Achieved national elimination level in Dec 2005). * **2007:** Kala-azar. * **2015:** Lymphatic Filariasis. * **NHP 2017 Update:** Always compare with the latest policy. NHP 2017 aims to increase health expenditure to **2.5% of GDP** and eliminate TB by **2025**. * **Blindness:** The current target under NHP 2017 is to reduce prevalence to **0.25% by 2025**.

Q: Which of the following statements about the Bajaj committee is true?

Recommended a health manpower policy. ### Explanation The **Bajaj Committee (1986)**, officially known as the "Expert Committee on Health Manpower Planning, Production, and Management," was established to address the imbalances in the health workforce in India. **Why Option C is Correct:** The primary mandate of the Bajaj Committee was to formulate a comprehensive **National Health Manpower Policy**. Its key recommendations included: 1. The establishment of an **Educational Commission for Health Sciences (ECHS)** to plan and implement health education. 2. The creation of a **Health Manpower Information System** to track the production and distribution of medical professionals. 3. A focus on "Vocationalization" of secondary education to produce paramedical staff. 4. Uniformity in the standards of medical education across the country. **Why Other Options are Incorrect:** * **Option A:** The committee constituted in **1943** (reporting in **1946**) was the **Bhore Committee** (Health Survey and Development Committee), known as the blueprint for India's health services. * **Option B:** The recommendation for **Primary Health Centres (PHCs)** was the landmark contribution of the **Bhore Committee (1946)**. The Bajaj Committee focused on the personnel working within these structures rather than the creation of the structures themselves. **High-Yield Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Bhore Committee (1946):** "Integration of preventive and curative services" and "3-tier health system." * **Mudaliar Committee (1962):** "Health Survey and Planning Committee"; recommended strengthening District Hospitals. * **Kartar Singh Committee (1973):** Introduced the concept of **"Multipurpose Workers" (MPW)**. * **Shrivastav Committee (1975):** Recommended the **"Reorientation of Medical Education" (ROME)** scheme and the creation of Village Health Guides. * **Bajaj Committee (1986):** Think **"Manpower"** and **"Educational Commission."**

Question 1

What is true about the National Population Policy 2000?

Accepted Answer

Achieve 100% birth and death registration.

Answer

Reduce Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) to less than 30 per 10,000 live births.

Answer

Reduce Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to less than 100 per 10,000 live births.

Answer

Achieve 100% institutional deliveries.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

Accepted Answer

Reduce under-five mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015.

Answer

Halve the prevalence of HIV/AIDS by 2015.

Answer

Reduce maternal mortality by 50% between 1990 and 2015.

Answer

Reduce hunger and poverty by half between 1990 and 2015.

Question 3

In health management, cost-benefit analysis is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative methods

Answer

Critical path method

Answer

Program evaluation and review technique

Answer

Management by objectives

Question 4

What was the recommendation of the Shrivasthava Committee?

Accepted Answer

Creation of multipurpose health workers

Answer

Abolition of private practice

Answer

Creation of Primary Health Centres (PHC)

Answer

All of the above

Question 5

What is the long-term objective of the national program for the prevention and control of deafness?

Accepted Answer

To reduce disease burden by 25% by the end of the XII five-year plan.

Answer

To reduce disease burden by 50% by the end of the XII five-year plan.

Answer

To reduce disease burden by 75% by the end of the XII five-year plan.

Answer

To reduce disease burden by 100% by the end of the XII five-year plan.

Question 6

Which one of the following is not a source of a manager's power?

Accepted Answer

Efferent

Answer

Reward

Answer

Coercive

Answer

Legitimate

Question 7

Which of the following goals under the National Health Policy 2002 was NOT scheduled to be achieved by 2010?

Accepted Answer

Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis

Answer

Reduce the prevalence of blindness to 0.5%

Answer

Increase the utilization of Public Health facilities from less than 20% to over 75%

Answer

Reduce Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) to 30 per 1000 live births and Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) to 100 per 100,000 live births

Question 8

Under the Rajiv Gandhi Shramik Sanjivani Yojana, in case of closure of a factory/establishment, unemployment allowance is provided for how long?

Accepted Answer

6 months

Answer

9 months

Answer

12 months

Answer

18 months

Question 9

Socialization of medicine leads to all the following outcomes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Ensures complete utilization of services by all people

Answer

Free medical care supported by the state

Answer

Eliminates the competition among physicians in search of clients

Answer

Ensures social equity and universal coverage of health services

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the Bajaj committee is true?

Accepted Answer

Recommended a health manpower policy

Answer

Constituted in 1946

Answer

Recommended the formation of Primary Health Centres (PHCs)

Answer

None of the above

Health Policy and Management — MCQs

Health Policy and Management — MCQs

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