INI-CET 2013 — Ophthalmology

Question 1: Which of the following is true about degenerative myopia?

• A. More common in males as compared to females
• B. Myopic degeneration can lead to retinal detachment (Correct Answer)
• C. It is seen in <-6 Diopters myopia
• D. Optic disc swelling is seen

Explanation: **Explanation:** Degenerative (Pathological) myopia is characterized by progressive axial elongation of the eyeball, typically exceeding **26.5 mm** in length or a refractive error of **>-6 Diopters**. **Why Option B is Correct:** The hallmark of degenerative myopia is the stretching of the posterior segment. As the eyeball elongates, the retina and choroid undergo thinning and atrophy. This stretching leads to peripheral retinal degenerations, most notably **Lattice degeneration**. These weakened areas are prone to developing retinal holes or tears, which allow fluid to enter the subretinal space, leading to **Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment (RRD)**. **Analysis of Incorrect Options:** * **Option A:** Degenerative myopia is actually **more common in females** than in males. * **Option C:** It is defined by a refractive error **greater than -6 Diopters** (e.g., -8D, -10D). High myopia is the prerequisite for degenerative changes. * **Option D:** Instead of swelling, the optic disc typically shows **Myopic Crescent** (temporal or annular) and may appear tilted. The stretching often leads to posterior staphyloma, not edema. **High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:** * **Posterior Staphyloma:** The pathognomonic sign of degenerative myopia (bulging of the weakened sclera). * **Fuchs’ Spots:** Pigmented circular lesions at the macula caused by subretinal neovascularization and hemorrhage. * **Lacquer Cracks:** Linear breaks in the Bruch’s membrane. * **Vitreous:** Early liquefaction (syneresis) and Posterior Vitreous Detachment (PVD) are common.