DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Practice Indian Medical PG questions for DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses. These multiple choice questions (MCQs) cover important concepts and help you prepare for your exams.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 1: Molluscum contagiosum is caused by a:
- A. Flavi virus
- B. Adenovirus
- C. Rubivirus
- D. Pox virus (Correct Answer)
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Pox virus***
- **Molluscum contagiosum** is a common **cutaneous viral infection** caused by the **Molluscum Contagiosum Virus (MCV)**.
- MCV belongs to the **Poxviridae family**, which are known for causing characteristic skin lesions.
*Flavi virus*
- **Flaviviruses** are a genus of RNA viruses, which cause diseases like **Dengue fever**, **Yellow fever**, and **Zika virus infection**.
- They typically cause **systemic illnesses** with fever and rash, rather than localized skin lesions like molluscum contagiosum.
*Adenovirus*
- **Adenoviruses** are DNA viruses primarily associated with **respiratory infections** (e.g., common cold, bronchitis) and **conjunctivitis**.
- They are not known to cause the characteristic **umbilicated papules** seen in molluscum contagiosum.
*Rubivirus*
- **Rubivirus** is a genus that includes the **Rubella virus**, which causes **German measles** (Rubella).
- Rubella is characterized by a **maculopapular rash** and **lymphadenopathy**, which is distinct from the **umbilicated papules** seen in molluscum contagiosum.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 2: Multinucleated giant cell on Tzanck smear is not seen in?
- A. Herpes simplex
- B. Molluscum contagiosum (Correct Answer)
- C. Varicella
- D. Herpes zoster
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: **Molluscum contagiosum**
- Tzanck smear typically reveals **Henderson-Paterson bodies**, which are large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions within epithelial cells.
- **Multinucleated giant cells** are not characteristic findings in lesions caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (a poxvirus).
*Herpes simplex*
- Tzanck smear often shows **multinucleated giant cells** and **acantholytic cells**, which are specific cytopathic effects of HSV.
- The presence of these cells helps in the rapid diagnosis of **herpes simplex viral infections**.
*Varicella*
- Similar to herpes simplex, **varicella-zoster virus (VZV)** infection also produces **multinucleated giant cells** on Tzanck smear.
- These cells are a hallmark of **herpesvirus infections**, indicating viral cytopathic effects in epithelial cells.
*Herpes zoster*
- Herpes zoster, caused by the **reactivation of VZV**, also presents with **multinucleated giant cells** on Tzanck smear.
- This finding aids in confirming the diagnosis of **shingles**, distinguishing it from other vesicular rashes.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 3: Which pox virus does Variola belong to?
- A. Parapoxvirus
- B. Orthopoxvirus (Correct Answer)
- C. Yatapox virus
- D. Molluscipox virus
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Orthopoxvirus***
- **Variola virus**, the causative agent of **smallpox**, is a member of the **Orthopoxvirus genus**.
- Other notable members of this genus include **vaccinia virus** (used in smallpox vaccine) and **monkeypox virus**.
*Parapoxvirus*
- This genus includes viruses such as **Orf virus**, which causes contagious pustular dermatitis in sheep and goats, occasionally transmitted to humans.
- Parapoxviruses typically cause localized skin lesions and are not associated with **smallpox**.
*Yatapox virus*
- The **Yatapox virus genus** includes the **Tanapox virus** and **Yabapox virus**, which primarily affect monkeys but can cause mild, self-limiting skin lesions in humans.
- They are distinct from the **Variola virus** and do not cause smallpox.
*Molluscipox virus*
- This genus contains **Molluscum contagiosum virus**, which causes **molluscum contagiosum**, a common skin infection characterized by small, flesh-colored, dome-shaped papules.
- It is genetically and clinically distinct from **Variola virus**.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 4: Which of the following characteristics can be used to differentiate the rash of chickenpox from the rash of smallpox?
- A. Deep-seated
- B. Pleomorphic (Correct Answer)
- C. Centrifugal
- D. Multilocular
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Pleomorphic***
- The rash of **chickenpox** is **pleomorphic**, meaning lesions at various stages of development (macules, papules, vesicles, scabs) are present simultaneously in the same body area.
- In contrast, a **smallpox** rash is **monomorphic**, with all lesions in a given area appearing at the same stage of development.
*Centrifugal*
- A **centrifugal distribution** (lesions more concentrated on the face and extremities) is characteristic of **smallpox**.
- **Chickenpox** typically has a **centripetal distribution**, with lesions more concentrated on the trunk.
*Deep-seated*
- **Smallpox** lesions are described as **deep-seated** and feel like "shot under the skin," often associated with significant scarring.
- **Chickenpox** lesions are superficial and less likely to cause scarring unless secondarily infected.
*Multilocular*
- **Smallpox** vesicles and pustules are typically **multilocular**, meaning they have internal septations and do not collapse when punctured.
- **Chickenpox** vesicles are unilocular, appearing as a single compartment, and collapse when punctured.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 5: What is the primary disease associated with Enterovirus 71?
- A. Hepatitis E
- B. Hepatitis G
- C. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (Correct Answer)
- D. Hepatitis C
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Hand, foot, and mouth disease***
- **Enterovirus 71** is a major causative agent of **hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD)**, especially in severe cases involving neurological complications.
- HFMD is characterized by **fever**, **oral lesions**, and a **rash** on the hands and feet, particularly common in young children.
*Hepatitis E*
- **Hepatitis E** is caused by the **Hepatitis E virus (HEV)**, a distinct RNA virus, not an enterovirus.
- It primarily causes **acute viral hepatitis**, particularly transmitted via the fecal-oral route.
*Hepatitis G*
- **Hepatitis G virus (HGV)**, also known as **GBV-C**, is a flavivirus, which is distinct from enteroviruses.
- Its clinical significance and role in causing hepatitis are still debated, and it's not a primary cause of symptomatic liver disease.
*Hepatitis C*
- **Hepatitis C** is caused by the **Hepatitis C virus (HCV)**, an RNA virus belonging to the *Flaviviridae* family, genetically distinct from enteroviruses.
- HCV is a major cause of **chronic hepatitis**, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 6: Herpangina is caused by the virus -
- A. Group A Coxsackie (Correct Answer)
- B. Group B Coxsackie
- C. Adenovirus
- D. Measles
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Group A Coxsackie***
- Herpangina is a common viral illness characterized by small, painful ulcers on the **soft palate** and tonsillar pillars, predominantly caused by various serotypes of **Coxsackievirus group A**, particularly A1-A10, A16, and A22.
- This **enterovirus** infection is highly contagious and often seen in infants and young children, especially during summer and fall.
*Group B Coxsackie*
- **Group B Coxsackieviruses** are primarily associated with diseases like **pleurodynia** (**Bornholm disease**), myocarditis, and pericarditis, rather than herpangina.
- While both Group A and B Coxsackieviruses are enteroviruses, their typical clinical manifestations differ significantly.
*Adenovirus*
- **Adenoviruses** are known to cause a range of illnesses, including respiratory infections (**pharyngitis**, pneumonia), conjunctivitis, and gastroenteritis.
- They are not typically implicated in the etiology of herpangina, which is characterized by specific oral lesions.
*Measles*
- **Measles virus** (a paramyxovirus) causes measles, a highly contagious systemic illness characterized by a generalized maculopapular rash, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis, along with **Koplik spots** in the mouth.
- Measles does not cause the vesicular and ulcerative lesions seen in herpangina; Koplik spots are distinct enanthem findings.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 7: Which of the following diseases is caused by the virus shown below?
- A. Neurodegenerative disorder
- B. Swimming pool conjunctivitis (Correct Answer)
- C. Solid organ graft infection
- D. Solid organ graft rejection
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Swimming pool conjunctivitis***
- The image displays an **adenovirus**, characterized by its **icosahedral shape** and distinct **fiber proteins** projecting from the vertices.
- Adenoviruses are a common cause of **pharyngoconjunctival fever**, often referred to as "swimming pool conjunctivitis" due to its spread in **inadequately chlorinated swimming pools**.
- This is the **most characteristic disease** associated with adenovirus infection, particularly serotypes **3, 4, and 7**.
*Neurodegenerative disorder*
- Adenoviruses are **not associated** with neurodegenerative disorders.
- Neurodegenerative conditions are typically linked to **prions, misfolded proteins**, or other viral agents like **JC virus** (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy).
- Adenoviruses cause **acute infections**, not chronic neurodegeneration.
*Solid organ graft infection*
- While adenoviruses can cause severe infections in **immunocompromised patients**, including transplant recipients, this is not their most characteristic presentation.
- In transplant patients, adenovirus may cause **colitis, hepatitis, or nephritis**, but these are **opportunistic infections** rather than the typical disease association.
- The characteristic disease remains **conjunctivitis and respiratory infections** in immunocompetent hosts.
*Solid organ graft rejection*
- **Graft rejection** is an **immunological process** where the recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted organ, not a viral infection.
- Adenovirus does not directly cause the mechanism of graft rejection.
- While viral infections may complicate graft outcomes, rejection itself is **immune-mediated**, not infectious.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 8: EBV is most strongly associated with which of the following?
- A. Gastric cancer
- B. Esophageal cancer
- C. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Correct Answer)
- D. Hepatocellular carcinoma
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Nasopharyngeal carcinoma***
- **Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)** is strongly and consistently associated with the development of **nasopharyngeal carcinoma**, particularly the undifferentiated (endemic) type.
- EBV DNA is found in virtually **100% of undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas**, highlighting its critical role in the pathogenesis of this cancer.
- This represents one of the strongest virus-cancer associations in human medicine.
*Gastric cancer*
- While EBV is linked to a specific subtype of **EBV-associated gastric adenocarcinoma**, it accounts for only about **10% of gastric cancers**.
- This makes it a less strong and less prevalent association compared to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
*Esophageal cancer*
- **Esophageal cancer** (adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) has various risk factors such as GERD, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
- **EBV is not a significant etiologic factor** for esophageal cancer.
- There is no strong, consistent evidence linking EBV as a primary cause of esophageal malignancy.
*Hepatocellular carcinoma*
- **Hepatocellular carcinoma** is primarily associated with **hepatitis B virus (HBV)** and **hepatitis C virus (HCV)**, not EBV.
- Other risk factors include chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, aflatoxin exposure, and alcohol abuse.
- EBV does not play a significant role in hepatocellular carcinoma pathogenesis.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 9: Which of the following is not a poxvirus?
- A. Molluscum contagiosum
- B. Orf virus
- C. Vaccinia virus
- D. Coxsackie virus (Correct Answer)
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Coxsackie virus***
- The **Coxsackie virus** belongs to the family **Picornaviridae**, not Poxviridae.
- It is known for causing diseases such as **hand, foot, and mouth disease**, herpangina, and myocarditis.
*Vaccinia virus*
- **Vaccinia virus** is a well-known member of the **Poxviridae** family, historically used in the smallpox vaccine.
- It is a **large, complex DNA virus** that replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells.
*Molluscum contagiosum*
- **Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV)** is a **poxvirus** that causes a mild skin infection characterized by raised, pearly, umbilicated lesions.
- It primarily infects **humans**, causing localized lesions that are spread through direct contact.
*Orf virus*
- **Orf virus**, also known as contagious pustular dermatitis virus, is a **poxvirus** that primarily affects sheep and goats.
- It can be transmitted to humans, causing single papular or nodular lesions, usually on the fingers, hands, or forearms.
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Indian Medical PG Question 10: Which of the following is an RNA oncogenic virus?
- A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- B. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
- C. Human T-lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) (Correct Answer)
- D. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
DNA Viruses: Poxviruses and Adenoviruses Explanation: ***Human T-lymphotropic Virus (HTLV)***
- **HTLV-1** is a well-established **RNA oncogenic virus** that causes Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL).
- It utilizes **reverse transcriptase** to convert its RNA genome into DNA, which then integrates into the host cell's genome, leading to malignant transformation.
*Cytomegalovirus (CMV)*
- CMV is a **DNA virus** and belongs to the Herpesviridae family.
- While it can cause disease, it is not primarily classified as an **oncogenic virus**, although some studies suggest associations with certain cancers.
*Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)*
- HBV is a **DNA virus** that primarily causes acute and chronic hepatitis.
- It is a major risk factor for **hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)**, but it itself is a DNA virus, not an RNA virus.
*Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)*
- HIV is an **RNA retrovirus**, but it is generally considered **non-oncogenic** in the direct sense.
- While HIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of certain cancers (e.g., Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma), these are usually due to **immunosuppression** allowing co-infecting oncogenic viruses (like HHV-8 or EBV) to proliferate, rather than direct oncogenic action of HIV itself.
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