Pediatric fluid and electrolyte management — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Increased pressure within a fascial compartment of a limb experiencing Compartment Syndrome is defined by a fascial compartment pressure to diastolic pressure gradient of _____

Answer: < 30 mmHg

Flashcard 2: What is the preferred surgical treatment for Mitral Valve Prolapse (Barlow syndrome)?

Answer: Mitral valve repair (preferred over replacement)

Extra: Mitral valve repair is the preferred surgical approach for Barlow syndrome (severe myxomatous mitral valve disease) because it preserves ventricular function and avoids the complications of prosthetic valves (e.g., anticoagulation, endocarditis risk).

Flashcard 3: Massive fluid loss in significant burns can cause which acute GI complication?

Answer: Gastritis (Curling's ulcer)

Flashcard 4: Is damage in the zone of hyperemia reversible (and if yes, does it need treatment)?_____

Answer: Yes, without treatment

Flashcard 5: What is the most common embryological origin of a congenital pharyngo-cutaneous fistula?

Answer: Persistence of the 2nd branchial cleft and pouch.

Extra: Congenital pharyngo-cutaneous fistulas (branchial fistulas) most commonly arise from the second branchial arch. The fistula typically tracks from the tonsillar fossa (pouch origin), between the internal and external carotid arteries, and opens onto the skin at the lower third of the neck anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 3rd/4th arch remnants are much rarer and typically involve the pyriform sinus.

Flashcard 6: Definition and key feature of Gastroschisis:

Answer: Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds, not covered by peritoneum.

Extra: Gastroschisis occurs due to a failure of involution of the right umbilical vein or a vascular accident involving the omphalomesenteric artery. It is typically found to the right of the umbilical cord insertion. Unlike omphalocele, it is NOT covered by a sac (peritoneum).

Flashcard 7: What are the 5 types of tracheoesophageal anomalies (Gross classification)?

Answer: 1. Pure Esophageal Atresia (EA) 2. EA with distal Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) (Most common) 3. Pure TEF (H-type / no atresia) 4. EA with proximal TEF 5. EA with double TEF (both proximal and distal)

Extra: These correspond to the Gross classification of EA/TEF: - Type A: Pure EA - Type B: EA with proximal TEF - Type C: EA with distal TEF (~85% of cases) - Type D: EA with both proximal and distal TEF - Type E: H-type (Pure TEF without atresia)