Biliary atresia and Kasai procedure — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What surgical procedure involves the en bloc removal of the head/neck of the pancreas, proximal duodenum, and gallbladder?_____

Answer: Whipple procedure

Flashcard 2: Biliary atresia is treated with the Kasai procedure, which attaches the _____ to the liver (porta hepatis)

Answer: Jejunum (Roux-en-Y limb)

Flashcard 3: Cholecystitis can cause _____ formation with the GI tract, resulting in air in the biliary tree (pneumobilia)

Answer: fistula

Flashcard 4: Echinococcus granulosus cysts are injected with _____ during surgery to kill larvae and prevent spread/anaphylaxis

Answer: ethanol

Flashcard 5: Bladder irrigation is used for patients with hematuria to prevent the formation of _____

Answer: blood clots

Flashcard 6: Gallstones may be treated with elective _____ if symptomatic

Answer: cholecystectomy

Flashcard 7: Gallstones that reach the confluence of the common bile and pancreatic ducts at the _____ can block both ducts (double duct sign) causing cholangitis and pancreatitis

Answer: ampulla of Vater (name of hole)

Flashcard 8: What is the most common embryological origin of a congenital pharyngo-cutaneous fistula?

Answer: Persistence of the 2nd branchial cleft and pouch.

Extra: Congenital pharyngo-cutaneous fistulas (branchial fistulas) most commonly arise from the second branchial arch. The fistula typically tracks from the tonsillar fossa (pouch origin), between the internal and external carotid arteries, and opens onto the skin at the lower third of the neck anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 3rd/4th arch remnants are much rarer and typically involve the pyriform sinus.

Flashcard 9: Definition and key feature of Gastroschisis:

Answer: Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds, not covered by peritoneum.

Extra: Gastroschisis occurs due to a failure of involution of the right umbilical vein or a vascular accident involving the omphalomesenteric artery. It is typically found to the right of the umbilical cord insertion. Unlike omphalocele, it is NOT covered by a sac (peritoneum).

Flashcard 10: What are the 5 types of tracheoesophageal anomalies (Gross classification)?

Answer: 1. Pure Esophageal Atresia (EA) 2. EA with distal Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) (Most common) 3. Pure TEF (H-type / no atresia) 4. EA with proximal TEF 5. EA with double TEF (both proximal and distal)

Extra: These correspond to the Gross classification of EA/TEF: - Type A: Pure EA - Type B: EA with proximal TEF - Type C: EA with distal TEF (~85% of cases) - Type D: EA with both proximal and distal TEF - Type E: H-type (Pure TEF without atresia)