Abdominal emergencies — Flashcards
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omphalocele
Acute mesenteric ischemia is associated with transmural infarction and perforation, which may cause _____
Treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma is _____
Aortic aneurysm may cause _____ and/or _____ pain, which is a sign of leaking, dissection, or imminent rupture
Malrotation can lead to _____ and duodenal obstruction
Small bowel obstruction may present with a(n) _____ abdomen and distension due to backup of gas in the intestines
Hint: sound
_____ of an anterior duodenal ulcer is characterized by free air under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum)
Left-sided colorectal carcinoma usually grows as a "_____" lesion
Volvulus of the _____ is more common in young adults
Periappendiceal _____ is a common complication of appendicitis
Abdominal emergencies US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Abdominal emergencies with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Abdominal emergencies Flashcard Deck - 240 Cards
Flashcard 1: omphalocele
Answer:
Extra: visible abdominal contents in umbilical cord of newborn; covered by peritoneum persistence of hernition of abdominal contents into umbilical cord
Flashcard 2: Acute mesenteric ischemia is associated with transmural infarction and perforation, which may cause _____
Answer: septic shock
Extra: Watch Intestinal Ischemia & Angiodysplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-intestinal-ischemia-and-angiodysplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/colorectal-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 3: Treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma is _____
Answer: surgical resection
Extra: Watch Renal Cell Carcinoma & Nephroblastoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-renal-cancer-renal-cell-carcinoma-and-nephroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 4: Aortic aneurysm may cause _____ and/or _____ pain, which is a sign of leaking, dissection, or imminent rupture
Answer: abdominal
Extra: Watch Aortic Aneurysm [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-aortic-aneurysm?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 5: Malrotation can lead to _____ and duodenal obstruction
Answer: volvulus
Extra: Watch Congenital GI Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-congenital-gi-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Small bowel obstruction may present with a(n) _____ abdomen and distension due to backup of gas in the intestines
Answer: tympanitic
Extra: Watch Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-small-bowel-obstruction-ileus-and-hernias?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: _____ of an anterior duodenal ulcer is characterized by free air under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum)
Answer: Perforation
Extra: Watch Acute & Chronic Gastritis & Peptic Ulcer Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-acute-and-chronic-gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: Left-sided colorectal carcinoma usually grows as a "_____" lesion
Answer: napkin-ring (infiltrating)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: Volvulus of the _____ is more common in young adults
Answer: cecum
Extra: Watch Large Bowel & Appendiceal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-large-bowel-and-appendiceal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 10: Periappendiceal _____ is a common complication of appendicitis
Answer: abscess
Extra: Watch Large Bowel & Appendiceal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-large-bowel-and-appendiceal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 11: What is the most common lead point for intussusception in adults? _____
Answer: Intraluminal mass or tumor
Extra: Watch Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-small-bowel-obstruction-ileus-and-hernias?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 12: Biliary atresia is treated with Kasai liver procedure, which attaches the _____ to the liver
Answer: distal duodenum
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: Which type of hemorrhoid IS painful? _____
Answer: External hemorrhoids
Extra: Watch Anorectal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-anorectal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 14: One sign of appendicitis is the _____ sign, which is pain over the right iliac fossa with palpation of the left iliac fossa
Answer: Rovsing
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 15: One sign of appendicitis is the _____ sign, which is pain on passive flexion and internal rotation of the right hip
Answer: obturator
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 16: Abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture presents with a triad of _____, a pulsatile abdominal mass, and flank pain
Answer: hypotension
Extra: Watch Aortic Aneurysm [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-aortic-aneurysm?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/aortic-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 17: Appendicitis presents with diffuse periumbilical pain that eventually localizes to _____
Answer: McBurney's point
Extra: Watch Large Bowel & Appendiceal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-large-bowel-and-appendiceal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 18: Paraesophageal hiatal hernias occur due to protrusion of the _____ of the stomach into the thorax
Answer: fundus
Extra: Watch Structural Esophageal Disorders & GERD [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-structural-esophageal-disorders-and-gerd?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/non-visceral-anatomy?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki Atlas: Chest imaging typically reveals a "retrocardiac air-fluid level" within the thoracic cavity
Flashcard 19: What type of hiatal hernia involves NO displacement of the gastroesophageal junction? _____
Answer: Paraesophageal hernia
Extra: Watch Structural Esophageal Disorders & GERD [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-structural-esophageal-disorders-and-gerd?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/non-visceral-anatomy?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 20: Appendicitis in adults is typically related to obstruction of the appendix by a(n) _____
Answer: fecalith
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/intestinal-pathology?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 21: Which type of carcinoma forms below the pectinate line? _____
Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma
Extra: * SCC pink tiles below the pectinate gate Watch Anorectal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-anorectal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/visceral-anatomy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: The current indications for operative/endovascular repair of an AAA include rapid rate of expansion, presence of symptoms, and aneurysm size > _____ cm
Answer: 5.5
Extra: * old male sargent smoking= smoke risk/ age>60/ male risk factors; * old family portraits= family history risk factor; * smoking high pressure pipe= HTN risk factor https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: _____ ileus typically involves obstruction of the ileocecal valve by a gallstone
Answer: Gallstone
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/hepatoduodenal-ligament-celiac-trunk-stomach-spleen-liver-and-gallbladder?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki Atlas: Atlas:
Flashcard 24: What surgical procedure involves the en bloc removal of the head/neck of the pancreas, proximal duodenum, and gallbladder? _____
Answer: Whipple procedure
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/pancreatic-and-biliary-pathology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 25: The T of TNM staging for renal cell carcinoma represents the tumor size and involvement of the _____
Answer: renal vein
Extra: * CT on right: RCC (red square) arising in left kidney/ RCC invading into left renal vein (red star) Watch Renal Cell Carcinoma & Nephroblastoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-renal-cancer-renal-cell-carcinoma-and-nephroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 26: _____ ileus occurs secondary to cholecystitis with fistula formation between the gallbladder and small bowel
Answer: Gallstone
Extra: Watch Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/hepatoduodenal-ligament-celiac-trunk-stomach-spleen-liver-and-gallbladder?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: _____ often start as an anorectal abscess that eventually drains both internally and to the skin surface
Answer: Anorectal fistulas
Extra: Watch Anorectal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-anorectal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/colorectal-pathology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: Perforation of an anterior duodenal ulcer may present with referred pain to the _____ via the phrenic nerve
Answer: shoulder
Extra: Watch Acute & Chronic Gastritis & Peptic Ulcer Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-acute-and-chronic-gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: Which type of inguinal hernia involves protrusion of the bowel through the internal inguinal ring, external inguinal ring and into the scrotum? _____
Answer: Indirect inguinal hernia
Extra: Watch Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-small-bowel-obstruction-ileus-and-hernias?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: Herniated contents may be at risk for _____, which is the inability to reduce contents back into the abdomen/pelvis
Answer: incarceration
Extra: * strangulation is characterized by ischemia and necrosis and can lead to perforation with resultant sepsis Watch Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-small-bowel-obstruction-ileus-and-hernias?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/non-visceral-anatomy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: What treatment is curative for ulcerative colitis? _____
Answer: Colectomy
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/colorectal-pathology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/ibd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: The most common gallstone complication is _____
Answer: cholecystitis
Extra: Watch Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pediatrics-hepatobiliary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-hepatobiliary-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease-gallbladder-and-biliary-tract-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/hepatoduodenal-ligament-celiac-trunk-stomach-spleen-liver-and-gallbladder?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 33: Gallstones may be treated with elective _____ if symptomatic
Answer: cholecystectomy
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/hepatoduodenal-ligament-celiac-trunk-stomach-spleen-liver-and-gallbladder?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 34: Meckel diverticulum may contain ectopic acid-secreting _____ and/or pancreatic tissue
Answer: gastric mucosa
Extra: Watch Congenital GI Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-congenital-gi-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/colorectal-pathology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki Meckel diverticulum Small intestine (gross photograph) An abnormal sac (green overlay) is visible in the lower part of the small intestine near the ileocecal valve. It is located on the antimesenteric side and involves all layers of the intestinal wall (true diverticulum). Atlas:
Flashcard 35: Acute colonic ischemia may cause necrosis and perforation of the large bowel resulting in _____
Answer: sepsis
Extra: Watch Intestinal Ischemia & Angiodysplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-intestinal-ischemia-and-angiodysplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/colorectal-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: Treatment for a pheochromocytoma is _____
Answer: surgical excision
Extra: Watch Pheochromocytoma & Neuroblastoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-pheochromocytoma-and-neuroblastoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 37: Major complications of ectopic pregnancy are _____ and/or _____
Answer: hematosalpinx (bleeding into the fallopian tube)
Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: What is the most common cause of large bowel obstruction? _____
Answer: Malignancy (e.g. tumor)
Extra: Watch Large Bowel & Appendiceal Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-colorectal-and-anal-disorders-large-bowel-and-appendiceal-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Large _____ aneurysms may present with hydronephrosis and postrenal kidney injury
Answer: abdominal aortic
Extra: Watch Aortic Aneurysm [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-aortic-aneurysm?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/aortic-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: What is the management for emphysematous cholecystitis? _____ & _____
Answer: Emergent cholecystectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: _____ is a midline defect that is red, shining, and wet with urine
Answer: Extrophy of the bladder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: Unstable vital signs and AAA and no history is managed with _____ Unstable vital signs and AAA and known history is managed with _____ Stable vital signs and AAA is managed with _____
Answer: U/S
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: Swallow > 2 magnets in esophagus or stomach is managed with _____
Answer: endoscopic removal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: Heller myotomy is the treatment for _____ Nissen fundoplication is the treatment for _____
Answer: achalasia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: What is surgical tx of anal fissures once conservative tx fails? _____
Answer: Lateral internal sphincterotomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/colorectal/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: Necrotizing enterocolitis and peritoneal signs is managed with _____
Answer: surgery
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: What is tx of perforation? _____
Answer: Ex-lap
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: How can low lesions closer to anus causing imperforate anus be corrected? _____
Answer: Dilation or minor surgical procedure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/failure-to-pass-meconium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: What is the surgical management for anal SCC? _____
Answer: Nigro chemoradiation protocol and excision of residual tumor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: _____ is a surgical emergency that classically presents in a neonate with congenital malrotation, manifesting as bilious vomiting and abdominal distention
Answer: Midgut volvulus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: What is the initial step in the management of small-bowel obstruction that is complicated by fever, hypotension, and tachycardia? _____
Answer: Urgent surgical exploration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: _____ hernia = highest risk for incarceration
Answer: Femoral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: What is the treatment of gastric varices secondary to splenic vein thrombosis? _____
Answer: Splenectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: _____ is a testicular pathology that presents with abdominal pain, inguinal swelling and cryptorchidism
Answer: Torsion of an intraabdominal testis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: What is tx of Boerhaave syndrome? _____
Answer: Surgical repair is definitive
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: What are the indications for surgical intervention in necrotizing enterocolitis? _____
Answer: Perforation Peritonitis Clinical worsening despite medical therapy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: Open adrenalectomy is preferred for _____ lesions
Answer: malignant
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: What is tx for incomplete SBO? _____
Answer: Serial exams and conservative measures (fluid, potassium and NG tube compression)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: _____ is most common site of colon perforation
Answer: Cecum
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: What is tx of ascending cholangitis? _____
Answer: ERCP & start Abx (Cipro and Metro) → urgent cholecystectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: What is tx of asymptomatic gallstones? _____
Answer: Nothing
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: Severe pain, peritoneal signs, NSAID use and free air under diaphragm is most likely _____
Answer: GI perforation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: What is the next step in management after CT scan reveals a 4.6cm pancreatic cyst with thick walls, multiloculation, and dilated pancreatic ducts? _____
Answer: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: What causes anal fissures? _____
Answer: Abnormally tight sphincter → mucosa tears with passage of stools
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/colorectal/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Initial resuscitation for sigmoid volvulus, includes IV fluids, NPO, and what third treatment? _____
Answer: Placement of a NG tube
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: _____ are reducible with manipulation and feel like a soft-tissue mass
Answer: Indirect inguinal hernias
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: What is the management of acute cholecystitis in conjuction with cirrhosis and ascites? _____
Answer: Abdominal paracentesis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: Struvite stone is managed with _____
Answer: stone removal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: _____ with stone removal is a first-line therapy for patients with urinary stones in the middle or distal ureter ≥ 10 mm
Answer: Ureterorenoscopy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: What is tx of complete SBO? _____
Answer: Ex-lap
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: What are the most common peripheral artery aneurysms? _____
Answer: Popliteal Femoral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Appendicitis presenting with >_____ of symptoms should be managed with a temporizing nonoperative approach followed by interval appendectomy
Answer: 5 days
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: What is tx for obvious appendicitis? _____
Answer: Go straight to surgery
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: Sudden onset abdominal pain and patient is motionless = _____
Answer: perforation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: Why is percutaneous drainage not an appropriate treatment option for communicating hydroceles? _____
Answer: Aspiration brings no benefits as processus vaginalis will fill again w/ peritoneal fluid after drainage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: When should patients with acute cholecystitis have a cholecystectomy? _____
Answer: Within 72 hours
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: Treatment for vague symptoms that are worrisome for appendicitis? _____
Answer: CT while preparing for surgery
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: What is the surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer at the body and tail of the pancreas? _____
Answer: Distal pancreatectomy +/- splenectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: What is the treatment for cecal volvulus? _____
Answer: Right hemicolectomy with primary ileocolic anastamosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: What is tx of FAP? _____
Answer: Total colectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/colorectal/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: What type of hernia is caused by a patent processus vaginalis? _____
Answer: Indirect inguinal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: Pyogenic liver abscess is managed with _____
Answer: percutaneous drainage
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: What is the classic pain sequence associated with diverticular perforation? _____
Answer: Sudden, severe pain (perf) → temporary relief (decompression) → generalized, constant pain (peritonitis)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Can patients with signs and symptoms of appendicitis go straight to surgery? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: What is the final line/last resort/definitive treatment for achalasia? _____
Answer: Heller myotomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: What is the next step in management of a child with suspected inguinal hernia, vomiting, abdominal distension, and a discolored hemiscrotum? _____
Answer: Emergency surgery
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: Is surgery recommended for chronic pancreatitis? _____
Answer: No; surgery is CI
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: What is tx of biliary atresia? _____
Answer: Kasai procedure (hepatoportoenterostomy)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: Difference between malrotation and volvulus? _____
Answer: Malrotation is the developmental anatomic defect Volvulus is torsion of the intestines because of the malrotation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/baby-emesis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: What type of cholecystitis arises due to infection of the gallbladder wall with gas-forming bacteria (e.g. Clostridium)? _____
Answer: Emphysematous cholecystitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: What is tx of pyloric stenosis? _____
Answer: Pylormyotomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: Emphasematous cholecystitis is a life-threatening form of acute cholecystitis due to infection with _____
Answer: gas-forming bacteria (Clostridium, E. coli)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Bilious emesis = obstruction distal to _____
Answer: ligament of Trietz
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/baby-emesis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: Bowel-sparing _____ treatment of Crohn's disease is indicated after conservative medical therapy has failed
Answer: surgical
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/ibd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: What is tx of gastroschisis/omphalocele if primary closure cannot be achieved? _____
Answer: Silo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: Kidney stone > 10 mm is managed with _____
Answer: shock wave lithotripsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: Fundoplication is a procedure used to treat severe _____
Answer: gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: Paraesophageal hiatal hernias occur when the _____
Answer: gastric fundus migrates into the thoracic cavity
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: Sigmoid volvulus is associated with the "_____" sign on X-ray
Answer: coffee bean
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: What is surgical tx of GERD if PPI's are not tolerated or pt. doesnt want them? _____
Answer: Nissen fundoplication
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: What is the surgical management for a patient with Crohn's disease and small bowel obstruction due to ileal strictures? _____
Answer: Strictureplasty
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/ibd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: What is tx of sx gallstones? _____
Answer: Elective cholecystectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: What is the emergency treatment of choice for acalculous cholecystitis in a critically ill patient? _____
Answer: Antibiotics and percutaneous cholecystostomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: What surgical procedure is preferred for biliary drainage for patients with acute cholangitis? _____
Answer: ERCP w/ sphincterotomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki other options include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and open surgical decompression
Flashcard 105: What is the management of perforated viscus? _____
Answer: Surgical exploration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: What is the recommended management of gallbladder polyps >10mm? _____
Answer: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: What is treatment for gallstone pancreatitis? _____
Answer: Endoscopic retrograded cholangiopancretogrpahy (ERCP) and Early elective cholecystectomy to prevent further complication
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: What is the surgical management for uncomplicated hernia? _____
Answer: Laparoscopic surgical repair
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: AAA and > 0.5 cm growth in 6 months or > 5.5 cm or symptomatic is managed with _____
Answer: endovascular aneurysm repair
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: How do anal fissures present? _____
Answer: Pain on defectaion that lasts for hours
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/colorectal/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: What type of surgery is performed in Ulcerative Colitis? _____
Answer: Proctocolectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/ibd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: When is surgery done for peptic ulcer disease? _____
Answer: Refractory symptoms > 12 weeks / malignancy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/peptic-ulcer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: What is the most common cause of small-bowel obstruction (SBO) in the U.S? _____
Answer: Adhesions
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: What is definitive tx for necrotizing pancreatitis? _____
Answer: Necrosectomy after fluid has solidified
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: Tumors located near the esophagogastric junction can be classified according to the _____ classification
Answer: Siewart
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: What is the management for small bowel obstruction due to herniation and signs of bowel ischemia? _____
Answer: Emergency laparotomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: What is the recommended treatment for advanced ovarian cancer? _____
Answer: Exploratory laparotomy followed by chemotherapy (e.g. cisplatin and paclitaxel)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: On abdominal exam, _____ is associated with a rigid and diffusely tender abdomen
Answer: peritonitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: How are high imperforate anus lesions corrected? _____
Answer: Colostomy w/ future correction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/failure-to-pass-meconium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: What is initial medical tx for anal fissures? _____
Answer: Conservative measures → topical anesthetics/vasodilators
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/colorectal/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: Perforation pain is _____
Answer: constant
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 122: What is the treatment for gallstone ileus? _____
Answer: Surgical removal of stone and cholecystectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: What is the management for stable patients with acute mesenteric ischemia after medical therapy? _____
Answer: Balloon angioplasty and stenting
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: What do you do to keep bowel decompressed during omphalocele/gastroschisis? _____
Answer: NG tube
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: Free air under the diaphagram on upright chest X-ray indicates _____
Answer: perforation of the bowel
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: Adhesions are the most common cause of _____
Answer: mechanical bowel obstruction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: When is surgery indicated in Crohn's? _____
Answer: 1. Infection/abscess requires surgery to drain 2. Fistulas
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/colorectal/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: What about rifaximin use can make potential surgery for liver transplant more challenging? _____
Answer: May cause abdominal distention
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: What early abdominal aortic aneurysm repair complication results in progressive abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea? _____
Answer: Bowel ischemia/infarction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: RLQ pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia (loss of appetite) and fever is suggestive of _____ and warrants immediate surgery
Answer: acute appendicitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: If a tumor in an appendix is <1 cm, _____ is definitive management If a tumor in an appendix is > 1 cm, _____ is definitive management
Answer: appendectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: What is tx of acute cholecystitis? _____
Answer: Emergent cholecystectomy (percutaneous cholecystostomy if unstable)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: Biliary cysts require surgical resection to relieve obstruction and prevent the development of _____
Answer: cholangiocarcinoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: What is the initial management for hemodynamically stable patients with an appendiceal abscess? _____
Answer: Conservative: IV hydration, antibiotics, and bowel rest
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: What is management for small periappendiceal abscess? _____
Answer: Bowel rest, IV antibiotic therapy followed by interval appendectomy after 6–8 weeks
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: What is the treatment for sigmoid volvulus w/o peritonitis? _____
Answer: Rigid/flexible sigmoidoscopic detorsion of the volvulus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 137: How would an induced rectal prolapse be described? _____
Answer: Erythematous mass with concentric rings extending through the anus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: Following diagnosis, what is the next best step in management of duodenal atresia? _____
Answer: Surgical repair
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: What are the two most common mechanisms that cause abrupt arterial occlusion in the setting of acute mesenteric ischemia? _____
Answer: Cardiac embolic events (in setting of AFib, valvular dz) Acute thrombosis (d/t PAD or low CO states)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: _____ is a type of gastrointestinal hernia that protrudes below the inguinal ligament through the femoral canal It is more likely to be strangulated, so it should be treated with elective surgery
Answer: Femoral hernia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: Do inguinal hernias lead to an enlarged testes? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: Midgut volvulus is a surgical emergency that classically presents in a neonate with congenital _____, manifesting as bilious vomiting and abdominal distention.
Answer: malrotation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: Is surgery indicated for Crohn's disease? _____
Answer: No: surgery is only indicated in severe Crohn's w/ infection/abscess or fistula
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/ibd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: What is the treatment for choledocholithiasis? _____
Answer: ERCP with sphincterotomy and stone removal; eventual cholecystectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: What is the tx for evsiceration? _____
Answer: Cover bowel with warm dressings and get back to OR now
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: FAP and marked increase in polyps since the last screening or detection of an adenoma with high-grade dysplasia is managed with _____
Answer: proctocolectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/colon-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: _____ colon cancers bleed while _____ colon cancers obstruct
Answer: Right-sided
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/colorectal/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: What is the diagnosis in a patient with previous abdominal surgery, asthma, and abdominal pain, anemia, leukocytosis, and a new periumbilical mass? _____
Answer: Rectus sheath hematoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: What are the two indications for gastric bypass? _____
Answer: BMI >40 that have attempted lifestyle modifications BMI >35 that have attempted lifestyle modifications and have comorbid conditions (e.g. HTN, T2DM)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: _____ for hemorrhoids is indicated after conservative therapy (e.g. increased fluid/fiber, reduced fat/alcohol, topical therapy) fail
Answer: Surgical intervention
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: What type of hernia requires emergency surgery requiring ex-lap? _____
Answer: Strangulated w/ peritoneal signs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: _____ is a hepatobiliary cause of small bowel obstruction that presents with hyperactive bowel sounds, dilated loops of bowel, and pneumobilia
Answer: Gallstone ileus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: FAP is managed with _____ at time of diagnosis
Answer: proctocolectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/colon-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: What is the imaging modality of choice for diagnosis and follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysms? _____
Answer: Abdominal ultrasound
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: Hypotension, peritonitis, and evisceration is managed with _____
Answer: ex lap
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: What type of hernia is associated with multigravida? _____
Answer: Femoral hernia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: What is a complication of malrotation? _____
Answer: Acute torsion of intestines due to malrotation → volvulus
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/baby-emesis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: What is the management for emphysematous cholecystitis? _____
Answer: Emergency cholecystectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: Suspected acute megacolon and cecal dilation to >12 cm or signs of ischemia may be treated with _____
Answer: laparotomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: Patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm may present with a decrease in the _____ index
Answer: ankle-brachial
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 161: What are the four indications for elective surgical repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)? _____
Answer: Asymptomatic AAA ≥ 5.5 cm in diameter Rapid expansion (defined as > 1 cm per year) Symptomatic AAA of any size (as these are most likely to rupture) Saccular aneurysm of any size
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: _____ for hemorrhoids is indicated after conservative therapy (e.g. phenylephrine rectal cream, Sitz baths, stool softeners) fails
Answer: Surgical intervention
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: _____ is a catastrophic complication of wound dehiscence, where skin itself opens up and the abdominal contents rush out.
Answer: Evisceration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: What is the timing of perforation abdominal pain? _____
Answer: Sudden onset
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: What is the recommended management for variceal hemorrhage if there is continued bleeding after endoscopic therapy? _____
Answer: Balloon tamponade (until TIPS or shunt surgery)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: Acalculous cholecystitis is likely due to _____ and _____ leading to secondary infection by enteric organisms
Answer: cholestasis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: What is the most common type of inguinal hernia? _____
Answer: Indirect
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: _____ occurs when both the skin and fascia fail with increased IA pressure
Answer: Evisceration
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: _____ hernias pass through the inguinal (Hesselbach's) triangle
Answer: Direct
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: What is tx of pancreatic head cancer? _____
Answer: Whipple procedure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: Abdominal compartment syndrome is managed with a(n) _____ of abdominal contents
Answer: temporary cover
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: Stable small bowel obstruction treatment includes IV fluids and _____ for decompression
Answer: NG intubation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki followed by CT to confirm diagnosis
Flashcard 173: A pt. with a(n) _____ will lay motionless in fear that any mvmt will slosh fluid around and aggravate pain
Answer: perforation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/abdominal-pain/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: What is the diagnosis in a patient with previous abdominal surgery, asthma, abdominal pain, and a gradually enlarging periumbilical mass? _____
Answer: Paraumbilical hernia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: Appendicitis presents with diffuse periumbilical pain that eventually localizes to _____
Answer: McBurney's point
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: Swallow battery, magnet, or sharp item is managed with _____
Answer: endoscopic removal
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: How do you decide to treat pancreatic pseudocyst? _____
Answer: <6cm AND <6 wks old -> watch and wait >6cm OR >6 wks -> drain (risk of hemorrhage is too great)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: What is best tx of achalasia? _____
Answer: Heller myotomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: Foul-smelling anal discharge, dyschezia, and a pustule-like anal verge lesion is suggestive of a(n) _____
Answer: anorectal fistula
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: _____ inguinal hernia = internal (deep) and superficial ring _____ inguinal hernia = superficial ring only
Answer: Indirect
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: Gallstone ileus occurs secondary to cholecystitis with fistula formation between the _____ and _____
Answer: gallbladder
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 182: What is the surgical management for complicated hernia? _____
Answer: Open surgical repair
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 183: Malrotation with volvulus is managed with _____
Answer: detorsion/decompression
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 184: What are the two causes of SBO? _____
Answer: Adhesions (MCC w/ pior surgeries), hernia (MCC w/out prior surgery)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: How is choledocholithiasis treated? _____
Answer: ERCP to retrieve stone; eventual cholecystectomy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: What type of hernia is considered a candidate for urgent surgery? _____
Answer: Incarcerated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: A(n) _____ hernia should be suspected when the posterior wall of the hernia sac feels thickened
Answer: sliding
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: _____ hemmorhoids hurt and _____ hemmorhoids bleed
Answer: External
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gi-bleed/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: In a cirrhotic patient with ascites that presents with acute cholecystitis, what is the most appropriate next step in preoperative management? _____
Answer: Abdominal paracentesis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: _____ inguinal hernia travels the entire length of the inguinal canal following descent path of the testes
Answer: Indirect
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/small-bowel/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: Surgical management for primary hyperparathyroidism due to four gland hyperplasia? _____
Answer: Remove 3.5 glands
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: Intraperitoneal bladder rupture describes rupture of _____ of the bladder
Answer: dome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: Any patient who has had aortic surgery and implantation of a graft that develops upper GI bleeding should be evaluated for _____
Answer: aortoenteric fistula
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: Appendicitis in adults is typically related to obstruction of the appendix by a _____
Answer: fecolith
Flashcard 195: Herniated contents may be at risk for _____, which is the inability to reduce contents back into the abdomen/pelvis
Answer: incarceration
Flashcard 196: Familial adenomatous polyposis is treated with _____, or else 100% of patients progress to CRC
Answer: prophylactic colectomy
Flashcard 197: What is the treatment for pyloric stenosis? _____
Answer: Surgical excision (pyloromyotomy)
Flashcard 198: What surgical procedure involves the en bloc removal of the head/neck of the pancreas, proximal duodenum, and gallbladder?_____
Answer: Whipple procedure
Flashcard 199: Which type of duodenal ulcer (anterior or posterior) is more commonly associated with perforation? _____
Answer: Anterior
Flashcard 200: One sign of appendicitis is the _____ sign, which is pain over the right iliac fossa with palpation of the left iliac fossa
Answer: Rovsing
Flashcard 201: What type of hiatal hernia involves NO displacement of the gastroesophageal junction?_____
Answer: Paraesophageal hernia
Flashcard 202: _____ is caused by twisting of a portion of bowel around its mesentery
Answer: Volvulus
Flashcard 203: What is the treatment for Cushing disease?_____
Answer: Removal of the ACTH-secreting tumor
Flashcard 204: Which type of carcinoma forms below the pectinate line?_____
Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma
Flashcard 205: Anal squamous cell carcinoma often presents with rectal bleeding and a visible _____ mass
Answer: ulcerative
Flashcard 206: _____ is a congenital hypertrophy of the pyloric smooth muscle
Answer: Pyloric stenosis
Flashcard 207: Malrotation results in improper positioning of the bowel with formation of fibrous, "_____ bands"
Answer: Ladd
Flashcard 208: Paraesophageal hernias are associated with _____ in lung fields
Answer: bowel sounds
Flashcard 209: Herniated contents may be at risk for _____, which is characterized by ischemia and necrosis
Answer: strangulation
Flashcard 210: Volvulus of the _____ is more common in young adults
Answer: cecum
Flashcard 211: Which type of inguinal hernia involves protrusion of the bowel through the superficial inguinal ring only?_____
Answer: Direct inguinal hernia
Flashcard 212: Cholecystitis can cause _____ formation with the GI tract, resulting in air in the biliary tree (pneumobilia)
Answer: fistula
Flashcard 213: What type of kidney stone commonly requires surgical removal due to its size?_____
Answer: Ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite) stones
Flashcard 214: Meckel diverticulum is associated with the "rule of _____"
Answer: 2s
Flashcard 215: Will a patient with a retrocecally oriented appendix typically develop significant shifting of pain to McBurney's point?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 216: Appendicitis may lead to rupture, resulting in peritonitis with guarding and _____ on physical exam
Answer: rebound tenderness
Flashcard 217: _____ of an anterior duodenal ulcer is characterized by free air under the diaphragm (pneumoperitoneum)
Answer: Perforation
Flashcard 218: _____ may present as a palpable, pulsatile abdominal mass that grows with time
Answer: Abdominal aortic aneurysm
Flashcard 219: Diverticulitis may lead to a _____, which presents with pneumaturia (e.g. air or stool in the urine)
Answer: colovesical fistula
Flashcard 220: Which type of hemorrhoid is NOT painful? _____
Answer: Internal hemorrhoids
Flashcard 221: What demographic (age, gender) is more commonly affected by direct inguinal hernias? _____
Answer: Older men
Flashcard 222: Treatment of Hirschsprung disease involves _____ of the involved bowel
Answer: resection
Flashcard 223: Biliary atresia is treated with Kasai liver procedure, which attaches the _____ to the liver
Answer: distal duodenum
Flashcard 224: Which part of the colon does colorectal carcioma most commonly arise? _____
Answer: Rectosigmoid region
Flashcard 225: What treatment is curative for ulcerative colitis? _____
Answer: Colectomy
Flashcard 226: Which type of hernia protrudes below the inguinal ligament, lateral to the pubic tubercle? _____
Answer: Femoral hernia
Flashcard 227: Porcelain gallbladder is treated with prophylactic _____ due to high rates of gallbladder cancer (mostly adenocarcinoma)
Answer: cholecystectomy
Flashcard 228: Umbilical hernias are soft, benign, and _____
Answer: reducible (reducible or non reducible?)
Flashcard 229: Gallstones that reach the confluence of the common bile and pancreatic ducts at the _____ can block both ducts (double duct sign) causing cholangitis and pancreatitis
Answer: ampulla of Vater (name of hole)
Flashcard 230: What is the most common type of diaphragmatic hernia? _____
Answer: Sliding hiatal hernia
Flashcard 231: Meckel diverticulum is typically _____ but may present with volvulus, intussusception, melena/hematochezia, RLQ pain, or obstruction
Answer: asymptomatic
Flashcard 232: What is the prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma? _____
Answer: Poor
Flashcard 233: Treatment for a pheocromocytoma is _____
Answer: surgical excision
Flashcard 234: Gallstones may be treated with elective _____ if symptomatic
Answer: cholecystectomy
Flashcard 235: Which type of hernia is most likely to present with incarceration or strangulation?_____
Answer: Femoral hernia
Flashcard 236: Malrotation can lead to _____ and duodenal obstruction
Answer: volvulus
Flashcard 237: What is the most common cause of small bowel obstruction? _____
Answer: Adhesion
Flashcard 238: A gastrojejunostomy removes the gastric antrum and attaches the gastric body to the _____
Answer: proximal jejunum
Flashcard 239: What is the most common lead point for intussusception in adults? _____
Answer: Intraluminal mass or tumor
Flashcard 240: Indirect inguinal hernias are more common in _____ (gender)
Answer: males
Keywords: Abdominal emergencies flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Acute appendicitis
Flashcards
Acute cholecystitis
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Small bowel obstruction
Flashcards
Large bowel obstruction
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Mesenteric ischemia
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Gastrointestinal perforation
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Abdominal compartment syndrome
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Acute pancreatitis management
Flashcards
Diverticulitis
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Incarcerated/strangulated hernias
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Non-operative management principles
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Diagnostic approach to acute abdomen
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Damage control surgery
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