Genetic and Metabolic Disorders US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Genetic and Metabolic Disorders with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Genetic and Metabolic Disorders Flashcard Deck - 109 Cards
Flashcard 1: What is the most common cause of genetic mental retardation?
Answer: Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Flashcard 2: Characteristic clinical findings in Phenylketonuria: No answer _____
Answer: :)
Flashcard 3: Zellweger Syndrome is an _____ leukodystrophy caused by defective peroxisome biogenesis
Answer: autosomal recessive
Flashcard 4: _____ syndrome is due to a mutation in the WASp gene
Answer: Wiskott-Aldrich
Flashcard 5: Hunter syndrome presents as a _____ (severity) form of Hurler syndrome with aggressive behavior
Answer: milder
Flashcard 6: _____ syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder which has features of piebaldism and sensorineural deafness
Answer: Waardenburg
Flashcard 7: The majority of cases of _____ syndrome are caused by de novo mutations in meCP2
Answer: Rett
Flashcard 8: The abnormality of _____ syndrome is arterio-hepatic dysplasia
Answer: Alagille
Flashcard 9: Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency may present in infancy or early childhood with _____, hyperammonemia, lethargy, seizures, coma, and liver dysfunction
Answer: vomiting
Flashcard 10: Systemic manifestations of Hallerman Streiff syndrome is _____ malformation, Hypoplastic mandible, Short stature and Skin atrophy
Answer: Facial
Flashcard 11: Homocystinuria typically presents with subluxation of the lenses _____ and inward (direction)
Answer: downward
Flashcard 12: Type II tyrosinemia will present with features such as _____ and palmoplantar keratoderma/plaques
Answer: corneal erosions
Flashcard 13: Van der Hoeve syndrome consist of the triad of _____, Otosclerosis and Blue sclera
Answer: Osteogenesis imperfecta
Flashcard 14: The characteristics of tuberous sclerosis may be remembered with the mnemonic "HAMARTOMAS": H: _____A: Angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum)M: Mitral regurgitation A: Ash-leaf spots (hypopigmented macule)R: cardiac RhabdomyomaT: Tuberous sclerosisO: autosomal dOminantM: Mental retardation (intellectual disability)A: renal Angiomyolipoma S: Seizures, Shagreen patches
Answer: Hamartomas in CNS and skin
Flashcard 15: Rett syndrome symptoms usually become apparent between ages _____ to 4
Answer: 1
Flashcard 16: Classic galactosemia causes liver damage and renal damage, which manifests as _____, hepatomegaly, and a metabolic acidosis
Answer: jaundice
Flashcard 17: _____ is a metabolic disorder characterized by a musty body odor
Answer: Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Flashcard 18: Galactokinase deficiency may present as failure to _____ or failure to develop a social smile
Answer: track objects
Flashcard 19: The findings in Patau Syndrome may be remembered with the 5'Ps- cleft Palate - holoP_____- Polydactyly- aPlasia cutis- Polycystic Kidney disease
Answer: rosencephaly
Flashcard 20: Achondroplasia is characterized by _____ extremities with a relatively large head
Answer: short (rhizomelic)
Flashcard 21: The findings in Edwards Syndrome may be remembered with PRINCE Edward: - P_____- Rocker-bottom feet- Intellectual disability- Nondisjunction- Clenched fists with overlapping fingers- low-set Ears
Answer: rominent occiput
Flashcard 22: _____ disease results in brittle, "kinky" hair, growth retardation, and hypotonia
Answer: Menkes
Flashcard 23: _____ is characterised by presence of neuropsychiatric manifestations with albinism
Answer: Phenylketonuria
Flashcard 24: CHARGE syndrome consists of:C_____Heart defectsAtresia of choanaRetarded growth and developmentGenital anomaliesEar anomalies and hearing loss.
Answer: oloboma of the eye
Flashcard 25: Holoprosencephaly is seen in _____ syndrome and fetal alcohol syndrome
Answer: Patau
Flashcard 26: _____ atresia is associated with Down syndrome
Answer: Duodenal
Flashcard 27: Phenylketonuria may present with _____ skin, eczema, intellectual disability, growth retardation, and seizures
Answer: fair
Flashcard 28: Enzyme Replacement Therapy for _____ requires replacement of Iduronate Sulfatase
Answer: Hunter Syndrome
Flashcard 29: _____ is an inherited disorder resulting in increased phosphate wasting at the proximal tubule; results in rickets-like presentation
Answer: Hypophosphatemic rickets
Flashcard 30: _____ is an autosomal trisomy that is associated with cleft lip (face) and cleft palate (face).
Answer: Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)
Flashcard 31: Patients with Bloom Syndrome present with cafe-au-lait spots, rash from _____ exposure, and short stature
Answer: sun
Flashcard 32: Treacher Collins syndrome presents with systemic features such as _____ostomia with high-arched palate, External ear deformity and Bird-like face
Answer: Macr
Flashcard 33: Cherry-red spot on the macula with hepatosplenoegaly and _____ is the presenting feature of Sandhoff's disease
Answer: cardiac involvement
Flashcard 34: Increased _____ concentration (> 60 meQ/L) in sweat is diagnostic of cystic fibrosis
Answer: Cl-
Flashcard 35: _____ syndrome is also known as gargoylism due to the physical appearance of those afflicted by this disease
Answer: Hurler
Flashcard 36: _____ syndrome is the most common cause of megaloblastic anemia due to cobalamin deficiency in infancy in Western countries
Answer: Imerslund-Grasbeck
Flashcard 37: Low levels of -fetoprotein (AFP) are seen in Trisomy _____ and decreased levels are seen in Turner Syndrome
Answer: 21 (Down's)
Flashcard 38: _____ is an autosomal trisomy that is associated with rocker-bottom feet and microphthalmia.
Answer: Patau Syndrome (Trisomy 13)
Flashcard 39: VACTERL syndrome is characterised by:V_____, Anal atresia, Cardiac abnormalities, Tracheoesophageal fistula, Renal agenesis, and Limb defects
Answer: ertebral anomalies
Flashcard 40: Lowe syndrome, also known as oculocerebrorenal syndrome, presents with _____ lenticonus, hypotonia and renal disease
Answer: posterior
Flashcard 41: _____ is a metabolic disorder that may present with marfanoid habitus, however with lens dislocation that subluxes down and in
Answer: Homocystinuria
Flashcard 42: The features of a chromosome 22q11 microdeletion may be remembered with the mnemonic "CATCH 22": C: _____A: Abnormal faciesT: Thymic aplasia C: Conotruncal abnormalities (truncus arteriosus, tetralogy of Fallot, interrupted aortic arch) H: Hypocalcemia (lack of parathyroids)
Answer: Cleft palate
Flashcard 43: VATER syndrome is characterised by:V_____, Anal atresia, , Tracheoesophageal fistula, Esophageal atresia, and Renal agenesis
Answer: ertebral anomalies
Flashcard 44: _____ hand is a feature of achondroplasia
Answer: Trident
Flashcard 45: The symptoms of _____ syndrome may be remembered with the mnemonic 'HGPRT':H: HyperuricemiaG: GoutP: Pissed off (aggression, self-mutilation)R: Retardation (intellectual disability)T: dysTonia
Answer: Lesch-Nyhan
Flashcard 46: Maternal PKU may present with _____-cephaly, intellectual disability, growth retardation, and congenital heart defects in the infant
Answer: micro
Flashcard 47: _____ anemia is associated with short stature, caf au lait spots, and malformed forearms and/or thumbs
Answer: Fanconi
Flashcard 48: What are the systemic features of Goldenhar syndrome? (mph/mCH)H: _____M: Macrostomia and microtiaP: Preauricular and facial skin tagsH: Hemivertebrae (usually cervical)M: Mental handicapC: Cardiac, renal, and central nervous system (CNS) anomalies.
Answer: Hypoplasia of the malar, maxillary, and mandibular regions
Flashcard 49: _____ presents in children as failure to thrive, developmental delay, and megaloblastic anemia refractory to folate and B12
Answer: Orotic aciduria
Flashcard 50: Renal hamartomas (_____ syndrome/fetal gigantism) is a fetal overgrowth disorder, characterized by polyhydromnios and an increased risk for Wilm's tumor at an early age.
Answer: Perlman
Flashcard 51: _____ syndrome is a combination of: 1. Wilms tumor 2. Macroglossia 3. Muscular hemihypertrophy (or hyperplasia) 4. Organomegaly
Answer: Beckwith-Wiedemann
Flashcard 52: A(n) _____ immunoreactive trypsinogen may be indicative of cystic fibrosis
Answer: increased
Flashcard 53: Ataxia-TelangiectasiA presents with a triad of:- _____- spider angiomas (Telangiectasia)- IgA deficiency
Answer: cerebellar defects (Ataxia)
Flashcard 54: The newborn screening method of choice for _____ is the tandem mass spectrometry
Answer: PKU
Flashcard 55: How soon after birth do symptoms of fructose metabolism disorders present? _____
Answer: Months after
Flashcard 56: Achondroplasia can lead to _____communicating hydrocephalus due to jugular foramen stenosis
Answer: non
Flashcard 57: _____ syndrome is also known as craniosynostosis, involving premature closure of multiple cranial sutures (acrocephaly)
Answer: Apert's
Flashcard 58: _____ is a 22q11 deletion syndrome that presents with thymic aplasia, parathyroid aplasia and cardiac defects.
Answer: DiGeorge Syndrome
Flashcard 59: Propionic acidemia presents with poor feeding, _____, hypotonia, anion gap metabolic acidosis, hepatomegaly and seizures
Answer: vomiting
Flashcard 60: WAGR syndrome is a combination of: 1. _____ 2. Aniridia (absence of iris) 3. Genital abnormalities 4. mental or motor Retardation
Answer: Wilms tumor
Flashcard 61: The 5A's of down syndrome are:A_____Atresia (Duodenal)Atrioventricular septal defectAlzheimers (early onset)AML/ALL
Answer: dvanced maternal age
Flashcard 62: Laurence Moon Bardet Biedil syndrome is characterised by Polydactyly, Obesity, Retinitis pigmentosa, Male _____gonadism, hypertension and Mental retardation
Answer: hypo
Flashcard 63: What is the mode of inheritence of acrodermatitis enteropathica?_____
Answer: Autosomal recessive
Flashcard 64: Deficiency of P450 oxidoreductase (POR) results in congenital anomalies collectively referred to as _____ syndrome.
Answer: Antley Bixler
Flashcard 65: What is the age of presentation of Wolfram syndrome?_____
Answer: 5-21 years
Flashcard 66: Triangular facies, microcephaly and 5th finger clinodactyly is indicative of _____ syndrome.*ABCDEF?
Answer: Russell Silver
Flashcard 67: _____ or more lisch nodules are used to confirm the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis
Answer: Two
Flashcard 68: Genetic testing for evidence of _____ mutations is positive in a large majority of neonates with benign familial neonatal (focal-clonic) seizures
Answer: KCNQ2
Flashcard 69: Which disease is characterized by an inability to eliminate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), eventually leading to fulminant infectious mononucleosis and the development of B-cell tumors?_____
Answer: X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome
Flashcard 70: What is the mode of inheritence of Joubert syndrome?_____
Answer: Autosomal recessive
Flashcard 71: All digits of equal length (starfish hand) is seen in _____
Answer: Achondroplasia
Flashcard 72: Vogt's traid of tuberous sclerosis consists of EPILOA:_____
Answer: Epilepsy, Low intelligence (IQ), Adenoma sebaceum
Flashcard 73: Which demyelinating disease affects the white matter of the central nervous system, adrenal cortex, and testes?_____
Answer: Adrenoleukodystrophy
Flashcard 74: Neurological involvement is not seen in type _____ Gaucher's disease.
Answer: I
Flashcard 75: Patients with neurofibromatosis type _____ and Noonan syndrome have a predilection to develop juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Answer: 1
Flashcard 76: Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) is associated with _____.
Answer: trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome) (hereditary disorder)
Flashcard 77: Is irritability and crying an inherent feature of inborn errors of metabolism?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 78: Spinal Muscular Atrophy is an _____ condition
Answer: autosomal recessive (inheritence)
Flashcard 79: What is the most common porphyria in children?_____
Answer: Erythropoetic protoporphyria
Flashcard 80: Monosomy 1p36 is associated with _____rocephaly.
Answer: mic
Flashcard 81: Freckles, cafe-au-lait spots and lateral non-tender neck mass in a pediatric patient suggest a _____
Answer: neurofibroma
Flashcard 82: _____ syndrome is characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, ataxia, breathing abnormalities including episodic apnea and hyperpnea
Answer: Joubert
Flashcard 83: Which types of Osteogenesis imperfecta present with blue sclera?_____
Answer: I and IIA
Flashcard 84: Cri-du-chat syndrome is characterised by _____tonia
Answer: hypo
Flashcard 85: Achondroplasia usually presents with _____ symptoms
Answer: pulmonary
Flashcard 86: Horseshoe kidney is more commonly found in patients with sacral agenesis, high cloacas, and _____ syndrome
Answer: Turner
Flashcard 87: Presence of a third fontanelle may suggest trisomy _____ or prematurity.
Answer: 21
Flashcard 88: Disproportionate involvement of CNS is unique feature of which mucopolysaccharidosis?_____
Answer: Sanfilippo syndrome
Flashcard 89: What may be an early marker of Hunter's syndrome?_____
Answer: Extensive mongolian spots
Flashcard 90: Patients with Alagille syndrome usually present with a _____ stature and a failure to thrive
Answer: short
Flashcard 91: Which mucopolysaccharidosis is characterised by absence of hepatosplenomegaly and preservation of intelligence?_____
Answer: Morquios disease
Flashcard 92: Heel-prick Guthrie test is the neonatal screening test for _____.
Answer: phenylketonuria
Flashcard 93: Hereditary tyrosinemia increases the risk of which hepatic cancer?_____
Answer: HCC
Flashcard 94: Problems of infants with IUGR and pathogenesis: _____: due to Syndrome anomalies, Chromosomal genetic disorders, Oligohydramnios induced deformation
Answer: Dysmorphology
Flashcard 95: In both scurvy and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), the child cries on _____
Answer: touching
Flashcard 96: Which metabolic storage disorder is characterised by presence of collodion baby?_____
Answer: Gaucher syndrome type 2
Flashcard 97: Hirschsprung disease is associated with _____ syndrome
Answer: Down's
Flashcard 98: Which vitamin dependancy is responsible for neonatal seizures?_____
Answer: B6 (Pyridoxine)
Flashcard 99: What is the most common cause of syndromic deafness?_____
Answer: Pendred syndrome
Flashcard 100: Giant inclusions in polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which along with oculocutaneous albinism, and neutropenia is seen in _____ syndrome
Answer: Chediak Higashi
Flashcard 101: Impaired hearing is seen in all MPS except MPS _____
Answer: IV
Flashcard 102: _____ disease is a mucopolysaccaridosis characterised by the _____ of hepatosplenomegaly and the preservation of intelligence.
Answer: Morquio s; absence
Flashcard 103: Infant presenting with failure to thrive, steatorrhea, _____ in the peripheral smear is suggestive of _____.
Answer: acanthocytosis; abetalipoproteinemia
Flashcard 104: _____ syndrome presents with _____-onset nephrotic syndrome, progressive renal insufficiency, _____ genitalia, and Wilms tumor.
Answer: Denys-Drash; early; ambiguous
Flashcard 105: Macroglossia and omphalocele present along with Wilm's tumor points to the diagnosis of _____ syndrome.
Answer: Beckwith-Wiedemann
Flashcard 106: The curative treatment for Chediak Higashi syndrome is _____
Answer: bone marrow transplantation
Flashcard 107: _____ syndrome presents with _____-onset nephrotic syndrome, progressive renal insufficiency, _____ genitalia, and Wilms tumor.
Answer: Denys-Drash; early; ambiguous
Flashcard 108: In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, surveillance testing should include:_____, to monitor for arrhythmiaEchocardiography to screen for dilated cardiomyopathy_____ in sitting position
Answer: ECG; Vital capacity
Flashcard 109: Infant presenting with failure to thrive, steatorrhea, _____ in the peripheral smear is suggestive of _____.
Answer: acanthocytosis; abetalipoproteinemia
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