Cognitive disorders (dementia) — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: mammillary bodies

Answer: confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, confabulation, personality change, permanent anterograde and retrograde amnesia

Flashcard 2: frontal lobe

Answer: disinhibition; deficits in concentration, orientation, judgment; reemergence of primitive reflexes

Flashcard 3: conduction aphasia

Answer: damage to arcuate fasciculus of dominant hemisphere

Extra: fluent speech, intact comprehension, impaired repetition

Flashcard 4: aphasia

Answer: speech deficit due to high-order processing problem

Flashcard 5: long-term memory

Answer: limbic system

Flashcard 6: Alzheimer's disease

Answer:

Extra: decreased: ACh

Flashcard 7: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Answer: vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, possibly precipitated by glucose administration concurrent without thiamine administration

Extra: damage to medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus and mammillary bodiesconfusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia, confabulation, personality change, permanent anterograde and retrograde amnesiadamage to medial dorsal nucleus of thalamus and mammillary bodiesvitamin A will halt progression, but won't restore most changesalcoholism (malnutrition and malabsorption)

Flashcard 8: When can a family require that a doctor withold information from a patient?

Answer: ONLY if the patient does not demonstrate decision-making capacity.

Flashcard 9: Give five important factors in determining patient competence for decision-making.

Answer: 1 - Informed 2 - Can make and communicate a choice 3 - Decision is stable over time (relatively) 4 - Decision is not the result of a mood disorder 5 - Decision is not the result of delusion or hallucination