V/Q mismatch US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master V/Q mismatch with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
V/Q mismatch Flashcard Deck - 46 Cards
Flashcard 1: _____ is perfusion of lung regions that are not ventilated (V/Q = 0)
Answer: Shunt
Extra:
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Flashcard 2: The V/Q ratio at the base of the lung is normally _____, indicating wasted perfusion
Answer: 0.6
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 3: In zone _____ of the lung, high alveolar pressure may compress the capillaries and reduce blood flow in this zone
Answer: 1
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 4: In the lungs, hypoxia causes vaso-_____
Answer: constriction
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=4]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 5: Certain organisms that thrive in high O2 (e.g. TB) flourish in the _____ of the lung
Answer: apex
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Is the A - a gradient normal, increased, or decreased, in response to V/Q mismatch?
_____
Answer: Increased
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=25]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: With exercise (increased cardiac output), there is vasodilation of apical capillaries in the lung, which causes the V/Q ratio to approach a value of _____
Answer: 1
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: In zone 1 (apex) of the lung, blood flow (Q) is _____
Answer: lowest
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: If there is a(n) _____ obstruction, the V/Q ratio = ∞ (dead space)*
Answer: blood flow
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=8]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: The partial pressure of O2 in arteriolar blood is slightly _____ than alveolar air due to the "physiologic shunt"
Answer: lower
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=14]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/gas-exchange/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: _____ is ventilation of lung regions that are not perfused (V/Q = ∞)
Answer: Dead space
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=8]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: The V/Q mismatch seen in pulmonary embolism can result in _____, which causes hyper-ventilation with consequent respiratory alkalosis
Answer: hypoxemia
Extra:
Watch Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=2]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: In certain pathologic situations, the physiologic dead space may become greater than the anatomic dead space, suggesting a(n) _____ defect
Answer: ventilation/perfusion (V/Q)
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=8]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: What is the major factor determining autoregulation of blood flow to the lungs?
_____
Answer: Hypoxia (causes vasoconstriction)
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=2]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: When a person is standing, pulmonary blood flow is highest at the _____ of the lungs
Answer: base (bottom)
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/pulmonary-circulation/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: In response to exercise, the V/Q ratio from apex to base becomes more _____ (even or uneven)
Answer: even
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: In zone 1 (apex) of the lung, alveolar ventilation (V) is _____
Answer: lowest
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: If there is a(n) _____ obstruction, the V/Q ratio = 0 (shunt)
Answer: airway
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=8]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: What is the ideal V/Q ratio for adequate gas exchange?
_____
Answer: 1 (ventilation matches perfusion)
Extra:
Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=6]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: What type of V/Q mismatch occurs due to pulmonary embolus?
_____
Answer: Dead space*
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/blood?index=8]
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: In a patient with left-sided pneumonia, placement into the left lateral decubitus position results in _____ perfusion of the non-ventilated alveoli
Answer: increased
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: Decreasing VA/Q may be due to a _____ shunt
Answer: R to L
Flashcard 23: Does 100% O2 improve PaO2 in V/Q mismatch due to shunt? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 24: _____ is perfusion of lung regions that are not ventilated (V/Q = 0)
Answer: Shunt
Flashcard 25: A defining characteristic of hypoxemia caused by a right-to-left shunt is that it _____ be corrected with high O2 gas
Answer: cannot
Flashcard 26: What type of V/Q mismatch occurs due to airway obstruction? _____
Answer: Shunt (perfusion but no ventilation)
Flashcard 27: Increased VA/Q results in _____
Answer: alveolar dead space
Flashcard 28: In certain pathologic situations, the physiologic dead space may become greater than the anatomic dead space, suggesting a _____ defect
Answer: ventilation/perfusion (V/Q)
Flashcard 29: COPD patients with oxygen induced hypercapnia suffer from excess oxygen induced generation of increased _____
Answer: physiologic dead space
Flashcard 30: The _____ ratio is the ratio of alveolar ventilation to pulmonary blood flow
Answer: ventilation/perfusion (V/Q)
Flashcard 31: Is the A - a gradient normal, increased, or decreased, in response to V/Q mismatch? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 32: Both ventilation and perfusion are _____ at the base of the lung than at the apex of the lung
Answer: greater
Flashcard 33: What is the ideal V/Q ratio for adequate gas exchange? _____
Answer: 1 (ventilation matches perfusion)
Flashcard 34: In response to exercise, the V/Q ratio from apex to base becomes more _____ (even or uneven)
Answer: even
Flashcard 35: The _____ of a healthy lung is the largest contributor of alveolar dead space
Answer: apex
Flashcard 36: What type of V/Q mismatch occurs due to pulmonary embolus?_____
Answer: Dead space*
Flashcard 37: In a patient with a pulmonary emboli, V/Q lung scan shows mismatch due to abnormal _____
Answer: perfusion
Flashcard 38: The normal average value for V/Q is _____
Answer: 0.8
Flashcard 39: Does 100% O2 improve PaO2 in V/Q mismatch due to physiologic dead space? _____
Answer: Yes, assuming < 100% dead space
Flashcard 40: A decrease in PAO2 causes a hypoxic _____ that shunts blood away from poorly ventilated regions of the lung
Answer: vasoconstriction
Flashcard 41: Rank the following variables for zone 2 of the lung: PA, Pa, and Pv _____
Answer: Pa > PA > Pv
Flashcard 42: In zone _____ of the lung, high alveolar pressure may compress the capillaries and reduce blood flow in this zone
Answer: 1
Flashcard 43: Rank the following variables for zone 3 of the lung: PA, Pa, and Pv _____
Answer: Pa > Pv > PA
Flashcard 44: _____ is ventilation of lung regions that are not perfused (V/Q = )
Answer: Dead space
Flashcard 45: What is the major factor determining autoregulation of blood flow to the lungs?_____
Answer: Hypoxia (causes vasoconstriction)
Flashcard 46: Can normal aging cause a ventilation/perfusion mismatch?_____
Answer: Yes
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