Glomerular filtration — Flashcards
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What effect does increased plasma protein concentration (πGC) have on filtration fraction? _____
What is the effect of prerenal azotemia on GFR? _____
What effect does dehydration have on RPF? _____
If Cx < GFR, there is net tubular _____ of X
What does PBS represent in regards to GFR (fluid exchange)? _____
Angiotensin II normally constricts the _____ arteriole of the kidney
The major regulatory mechanism of the proximal tubule is _____
Which Starling force changes, causing filtration equilbrium at the end of a glomerular capillary? _____
How does non-enzymatic glycation of the efferent renal arteriole affect GFR? _____
How does GFR change during pregnancy? _____
Glomerular filtration US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Glomerular filtration with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Glomerular filtration Flashcard Deck - 91 Cards
Flashcard 1: What effect does increased plasma protein concentration (πGC) have on filtration fraction? _____
Answer: Decreased FF
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 2: What is the effect of prerenal azotemia on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Extra: Watch Renal Function Tests & Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-acute-kidney-injury-renal-function-tests-and-acute-kidney-injury-aki?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acute-kidney-injury/acquire?ref=anki Other: Goljan:
Flashcard 3: What effect does dehydration have on RPF? _____
Answer: Decreased RPF
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 4: If Cx < GFR, there is net tubular _____ of X
Answer: reabsorption
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 5: What does PBS represent in regards to GFR (fluid exchange)? _____
Answer: Bowman's space hydrostatic pressure
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Angiotensin II normally constricts the _____ arteriole of the kidney
Answer: efferent
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: The major regulatory mechanism of the proximal tubule is _____
Answer: glomerulotubular balance
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: Which Starling force changes, causing filtration equilbrium at the end of a glomerular capillary? _____
Answer: Capillary oncotic pressure (πC)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: How does non-enzymatic glycation of the efferent renal arteriole affect GFR? _____
Answer: Increased GFR (hyperfiltration)
Extra: Watch Nephrotic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-glomerulopathy-nephrotic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrotic-syndromes?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: How does GFR change during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: Are small, charged solutes (e.g. Na+, K+, Cl-) affected by the negatively charged glomerular filtration barrier? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: If Cx _____ GFR, there is no net secretion or reabsorption of X
Answer: =
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: Atrial natriuretic peptide causes vaso-dilation of _____ arterioles and, to a lesser extent, vaso-constriction of _____ arterioles
Answer: afferent
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: What effect does afferent arteriolar constriction have on RPF? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: Inulin clearance can be used to calculate _____ because it is freely filtered and is not reabsorbed or secreted
Answer: GFR
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: What effect does afferent arteriolar constriction have on filtration fraction? _____
Answer: No change
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: Juxtamedullary nephrons have _____ glomeruli and thus _____ GFR than superficial cortical nephrons
Answer: larger
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: What effect does increased plasma protein concentration (πGC) have on RPF? _____
Answer: No change
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: What effect does decreased plasma protein concentration (πGC) have on filtration fraction? _____
Answer: Increased FF
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: What effect does constriction of the ureter have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: What effect does efferent arteriolar constriction have on RPF? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: Glomerular filtration rate may be estimated using the equation: GFR = Cinulin = _____
Answer: [U]inulin * V / [P]inulin
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: What does πGC represent in regards to GFR (fluid exchange)? _____
Answer: Glomerular capillary oncotic pressure
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: What effect does dehydration have on filtration fraction? _____
Answer: Increased FF
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: The amount of substance filtered in Bowman's space per unit time is called the _____
Answer: filtered load
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: _____ between adjacent Sertoli cells form the blood-testis barrier, which isolate gametes from autoimmune attack
Answer: Tight junctions
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/male-reproductive-system?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: ACE inhibitors can cause a(n) _____ in creatinine levels within the first few days of starting treatment
Answer: elevation
Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole, not constrict as the image below states: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal Watch ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Aliskiren [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-heart-failure-drugs-ace-inhibitors-arbs-aliskiren?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: Blood exits the glomerular capillaries via the _____ arterioles
Answer: efferent
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: What is the approximate normal GFR (mL/min)? _____
Answer: 100 mL/min
Extra: Watch Renal Function Tests & Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-acute-kidney-injury-renal-function-tests-and-acute-kidney-injury-aki?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acute-kidney-injury/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: What does Kf represent in regards to GFR (fluid exchange)? _____
Answer: Permeability to water
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Are large, charged solutes (e.g. plasma proteins) affected by the negatively charged glomerular filtration barrier? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephrotic-syndromes?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: Cortisol results in a(n) _____ glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Answer: increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine/cortisol/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: What effect does dehydration have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: Increased filtration fraction causes _____ protein concentration (and thus πc) of peritubular capillary blood
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/fluid-and-filtration-physiology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/glomerular-filtration/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: What effect do low doses of dopamine have on GFR? _____
Answer: Little or no change
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: For any freely filtered substance, the [TF/P]x at Bowman's space is equal to _____
Answer: 1.0
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: Pregnancy = _____ GFR and _____ creatinine/BUN
Answer: ↑
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: NSAID (→ _____ arteriole constriction) and ACEi (→ _____ arteriole dilation) → ↓ GFR
Answer: afferent
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: How do macula densa cells respond to high NaCl delivery? _____
Answer: Signal afferent arteriole to constrict
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: What is the normal range of Urine: Creatine clearance (Male)?
Answer: From 97 to 137 mL/min
Flashcard 41: What is the normal range of Urine: Creatine clearance (Female)?
Answer: From 88 to 128 mL/kg
Flashcard 42: Does the basement membrane of the glomerular filtration barrier normally permit plasma proteins? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 43: What is the approximate normal GFR (mL/min)? _____
Answer: 125 mL/min
Flashcard 44: What effect does afferent arteriolar constriction have on RPF?_____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 45: NSAIDs cause vasoconstriction of the _____ arteriole of the kidney, which decreases GFR
Answer: afferent
Flashcard 46: Filtered load (mg/min) can be calculated using the equation: Filtered load = _____
Answer: GFR (mL/min) * [Px] (mg/mL)
Flashcard 47: Cortisol results in a(n) _____ glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Answer: increased
Flashcard 48: The oncotic pressure of Bowman's space (BS) normally equals _____
Answer: zero
Flashcard 49: Which Starling force changes, causing filtration equilbrium at the end of a glomerular capillary? _____
Answer: Capillary oncotic pressure (C)
Flashcard 50: What does PBS represent in regards to GFR (fluid exchange)? _____
Answer: Bowman's space hydrostatic pressure
Flashcard 51: In both the afferent and efferent arterioles of the kidney, SNS activity causes vaso-_____
Answer: constriction
Flashcard 52: The amount of substance filtered in Bowman's space per unit time is called the _____
Answer: filtered load
Flashcard 53: The value for the filtration fraction is normally about _____
Answer: 0.20 (20%)
Flashcard 54: How does GFR change during pregnancy? _____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 55: What effect does constriction of the ureter have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Flashcard 56: What effect does increased plasma protein concentration (GC) have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Flashcard 57: The renal clearance of albumin is normally _____ because albumin is not filtered across glomerular capillaries
Answer: zero
Flashcard 58: What does Kf represent in regards to GFR (fluid exchange)?_____
Answer: Permeability to water
Flashcard 59: In response to increased Na+ delivery, the macula densa causes decreased renin release, which ultimately relaxes the _____ arterioles
Answer: efferent
Flashcard 60: How does the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (PGC) change along the length of the glomerular capillaries?_____
Answer: Remains constant
Flashcard 61: What percent of plasma Ca2+ is filtered across glomerular capillaries?_____
Answer: 60% (40% bound to plasma proteins)
Flashcard 62: Are small, charged solutes (e.g. Na+, K+, Cl-) affected by the negatively charged glomerular filtration barrier? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 63: What effect does efferent arteriolar constriction have on GFR?_____
Answer: Increased
Flashcard 64: For any freely filtered substance, the [TF/P]x at Bowman's space is equal to _____
Answer: 1.0
Flashcard 65: What effect do low doses of dopamine have on GFR? _____
Answer: Little or no change
Flashcard 66: What is the effect of postrenal azotemia on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Flashcard 67: Increased filtration fraction causes _____ protein concentration (and thus c) of peritubular capillary blood
Answer: increased
Flashcard 68: What effect does afferent arteriolar constriction have on filtration fraction?_____
Answer: No change
Flashcard 69: What does PGC represent in regards to GFR (fluid exchange)? _____
Answer: glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure
Flashcard 70: What effect does decreased plasma protein concentration (GC) have on RPF? _____
Answer: No change
Flashcard 71: What effect does increased plasma protein concentration (GC) have on filtration fraction? _____
Answer: Decreased FF
Flashcard 72: What effect does dehydration have on filtration fraction? _____
Answer: Increased FF
Flashcard 73: What effect does decreased plasma protein concentration (GC) have on filtration fraction? _____
Answer: Increased FF
Flashcard 74: What effect does constriction of the ureter have on filtration fraction? _____
Answer: Decreased FF
Flashcard 75: The filtration fraction may be calculated using the equation FF = _____
Answer: GFR / RPF
Flashcard 76: What effect does afferent arteriolar constriction have on GFR?_____
Answer: Decreased
Flashcard 77: What effect does increased plasma protein concentration (GC) have on RPF? _____
Answer: No change
Flashcard 78: What percent of total Ca2+ in the blood is ultrafilterable?_____
Answer: 60%
Flashcard 79: How does glomerular filtration rate change during pregnancy?_____
Answer: Increase
Flashcard 80: The dilatory effect of ANP on afferent arterioles is _____ than the constrictor effect on efferent arterioles
Answer: greater
Flashcard 81: In addition to inulin, _____ clearance may also be used to estimate GFR
Answer: creatinine
Flashcard 82: What effect does efferent arteriolar constriction have on filtration fraction?_____
Answer: Increased FF
Flashcard 83: Eosinophils are highly phagocytic for _____ complexes
Answer: antigen-antibody
Flashcard 84: What effect does decreased plasma protein concentration (GC) have on GFR? _____
Answer: Increased GFR
Flashcard 85: How does the glomerular capillary oncotic pressure (GC) change along the length of the glomerular capillaries?_____
Answer: Increases
Flashcard 86: How does non-enzymatic glycation of the efferent renal arteriole affect GFR?_____
Answer: Increased GFR (hyperfiltration)
Flashcard 87: Glomerular filtration rate may be estimated using the equation: GFR = Cinulin = _____
Answer: [U]inulin * V / [P]inulin
Flashcard 88: What does GC represent in regards to GFR (fluid exchange)? _____
Answer: Glomerular capillary oncotic pressure
Flashcard 89: What effect does dehydration have on GFR? _____
Answer: Decreased GFR
Flashcard 90: At the end of a glomerular capillary, the ultrafiltration pressure equals zero, a point called _____
Answer: filtration equilibrium
Flashcard 91: What two factors contribute to the Kf of a glomerular capillary? _____
Answer: Water permeability and total surface area
Keywords: Glomerular filtration flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Glomerular structure and function
Flashcards
Filtration barrier components
Flashcards
Determinants of GFR
Flashcards
Starling forces in glomerular filtration
Flashcards
Renal blood flow autoregulation
Flashcards
Filtration fraction
Flashcards
GFR measurement methods
Flashcards
Tubuloglomerular feedback
Flashcards
Myogenic autoregulation
Flashcards
Hormonal influences on GFR
Flashcards
GFR in pathophysiological states
Flashcards
Age-related changes in GFR
Flashcards
Clinical estimation of GFR
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