Compliance — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What is the function of elastin?

Answer: give stretchy property to different tissues

Flashcard 2: Lung compliance may be calculated by the equation C = _____

Answer: ΔV/ΔP

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 3: To compensate for reduced lung compliance, obese patients have _____-_____ breathing

Answer: rapid

Extra:  Watch Restrictive Lung Disease (Overview) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-restrictive-lung-disease-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 4: During expiration, the slope of the pressure-volume loop _____ as the density of surfactant molecules rapidly _____

Answer: increases

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 5: What is the effect of emphysema on lung compliance? _____

Answer: Increased compliance

Extra:   Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: The compliance of the lungs and chest wall is _____ proportional to their elastance

Answer: inversely

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 7: After menopause, breast tissue undergoes _____

Answer: atrophy

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Flashcard 8: Lung _____ describes the change in lung volume for a given change in lung pressure

Answer: compliance

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: Are the lungs generally more compliant during inspiration or expiration? _____

Answer: Expiration (due to hysteresis)

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: What is the effect of aortic stiffening on pulse pressure? _____

Answer: Increased pulse pressure

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/cardiac-parameters-of-physiologic-function?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 11: The auditory ossicles of the middle ear conduct and _____ sound from the eardrum to the inner ear

Answer: amplify

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/auditory-sensation?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki Netters: 

Flashcard 12: The synovium lining of joint capsules secrete fluid rich in _____ to lubricate the joint and facilitate smooth motion

Answer: hyaluronic acid

Extra:  Watch Osteoarthritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-osteoarthritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/intro-to-anatomy?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 13: A lung with _____ compliance is easier to fill

Answer: high

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 14: The _____ plexus of the gut wall primarily controls motility

Answer: myenteric (Auerbach)

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/gastrointestinal-tract?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 15: At the original FRC, the tendency of the lung to collapse in a patient with emphysema is _____ than the tendency of the chest wall to expand

Answer: less

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 16: Noise-induced hearing loss is due to damage to stereociliated cells in the organ of _____

Answer: Corti

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/auditory-sensation?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 17: What is the effect of normal aging on chest wall compliance? _____

Answer: Decreased compliance

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 18: The pathogenesis of Diffuse Esophageal Spasm likely involves impaired _____ within the esophageal myenteric plexus

Answer: inhibitory neurotransmission

Extra:  Watch Esophageal Dysmotility & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-esophageal-dysmotility-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/esophagus/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 19: What is the result of aging on the capacitance (compliance) of arteries? _____

Answer: Decreased (more stiff, less distensible)

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 20: The _____ of a respiratory system pressure-volume curve represents lung compliance

Answer: slope

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 21: The _____ of a blood vessel describes the volume of blood the vessel can hold at a given pressure

Answer: capacitance (compliance)

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/pressure-and-flow-physiology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: The reduction of respiratory compliance in obesity is in part due to a reduction in _____ compliance due to microatelectasis

Answer: lung

Extra:  Watch Restrictive Lung Disease (Overview) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-restrictive-lung-disease-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 23: What is the effect of glucocorticoids on fibroblast activity? _____

Answer: Decreased

Extra:   Watch Cushings Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-internal-medicine-endocrinology-adrenal-disease-cushing-syndrome-soap?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine/cortisol/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 24: The compliance of the lungs and chest wall is _____ proportional to the wall stiffness

Answer: inversely

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: At the original FRC, the tendency of the lung to collapse in a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is _____ than the tendency of the chest wall to expand

Answer: greater

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 26: What is the effect of normal aging on lung compliance? _____

Answer: Increased compliance

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 27: The reduction of respiratory compliance in obesity is in part due to a reduction in _____ compliance, due to increased weight

Answer: chest wall

Extra:  Watch Restrictive Lung Disease (Overview) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-restrictive-lung-disease-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 28: Pulse pressure is _____ proportional to arterial compliance

Answer: inversely

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/cardiac-parameters-of-physiologic-function?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 29: What is the effect of pulmonary edema on lung compliance? _____

Answer: Decreased compliance

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/air?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 30: Diastolic dysfunction (heart failure) occurs due to decreased _____ leading to ↑ LVEDP

Answer: compliance

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Flashcard 31: Decreased _____ gaze is a normal finding in elderly patients

Answer: upward

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Flashcard 32: In mechanically ventilated patients, plateau pressure is equal to the sum of _____ and _____

Answer: elastic pressure

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Flashcard 33: What paradoxically improves with otosclerosis? _____

Answer: Speech discrimination in noisy environments

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Flashcard 34: The knee jerk reflex tests spinal nerves _____

Answer: L2-L4

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Flashcard 35: Diffuse esophageal spasm is caused by strong, _____ contractions of the esophageal body

Answer: non-peristaltic

Flashcard 36: The _____ of the basilar membrane is wide and flexible

Answer: apex

Flashcard 37: The frequency of slow waves in the ileum is _____ waves/minute

Answer: 8 - 9

Flashcard 38: Lung _____ describes the change in lung volume for a given change in lung pressure

Answer: compliance

Flashcard 39: The slope (compliance) of the pressure-volume loop curves for inspiration and expiration are different due to a phenomenom known as _____

Answer: hysteresis

Flashcard 40: The _____ muscle is responsible for volume modulation.

Answer: stapedius

Flashcard 41: What is the effect of normal aging on lung compliance?_____

Answer: Increased compliance

Flashcard 42: The synovium lining of joint capsules secrete fluid rich in _____ to lubricate the joint and facilitate smooth motion

Answer: hyaluronic acid

Flashcard 43: A lung with _____ compliance is easier to fill

Answer: high

Flashcard 44: A lung with _____ compliance is harder to fill

Answer: low

Flashcard 45: At the original FRC, the tendency of the lung to collapse in a patient with emphysema is _____ than the tendency of the chest wall to expand

Answer: less

Flashcard 46: What is the effect of pulmonary fibrosis on lung compliance?_____

Answer: Decreased compliance

Flashcard 47: Are the lungs generally more compliant during inspiration or expiration?_____

Answer: Expiration (due to hysteresis)

Flashcard 48: Pleural effusion causes restricted lung _____ (inspiration or expiration)

Answer: inspiration

Flashcard 49: What is the effect of surfactant on lung compliance?_____

Answer: Increased compliance

Flashcard 50: Which type of filament is involved in slow axoplasmic transport in neurons? _____

Answer: Microtubules

Flashcard 51: Gamma motoneurons innervate _____-fusal muscle fibers

Answer: intra

Flashcard 52: Diffuse esophageal spasm is characterized by _____ LES pressure on esophageal manometry

Answer: normal

Flashcard 53: What is the effect of pulmonary edema on lung compliance?_____

Answer: Decreased compliance

Flashcard 54: At the original FRC, the tendency of the lung to collapse in a patient with pulmonary fibrosis is _____ than the tendency of the chest wall to expand

Answer: greater

Flashcard 55: At highest lung volumes, both the lungs and the chest wall contribute to _____ forces on the lung-chest wall system

Answer: collapsing

Flashcard 56: The _____ of a blood vessel describes the volume of blood the vessel can hold at a given pressure

Answer: capacitance (compliance)

Flashcard 57: The greater the amount of elastic tissue there is in a blood vessel (elastance), the _____ the compliance is

Answer: lower

Flashcard 58: What is the result of aging on the capacitance (compliance) of arteries?_____

Answer: Decreased (more stiff, less distensible)

Flashcard 59: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a(n) _____ lung disease where proteinaceous material fills the alveoli

Answer: restrictive

Flashcard 60: What equation may be used to calculate the capacitance of a blood vessel?_____

Answer: C = V / P

Flashcard 61: Presbyopia is primarily due to _____ lens elasticity, changes in lens curvature, and decreased strength of ciliary muscle

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 62: What is the effect of normal aging on chest wall compliance?_____

Answer: Decreased compliance

Flashcard 63: What is the effect of pneumonia on lung compliance?_____

Answer: Decreased compliance

Flashcard 64: The reduction of respiratory compliance in obesity is in part due to a reduction in _____ compliance, due to increased weight

Answer: chest wall

Flashcard 65: What is the effect of emphysema on lung compliance?_____

Answer: Increased compliance

Flashcard 66: _____ is the force generated due to the tendency for the lungs to collapse inward and the chest wall to spring outward

Answer: Elastic recoil

Flashcard 67: The reduction of respiratory compliance in obesity is in part due to a reduction in _____ compliance due to microatelactasis

Answer: lung

Flashcard 68: The intermolecular forces between liquid molecules lining the lung are much _____ than the forces between liquid and air

Answer: stronger

Flashcard 69: The compliance of the lung-chest wall system is _____ than that of the lungs or chest wall alone

Answer: less

Flashcard 70: Pulse pressure is _____ proportional to arterial compliance

Answer: inversely

Flashcard 71: Which female sex steroid is responsible for uterine smooth muscle relaxation?_____

Answer: Progesterone

Flashcard 72: The compliance of the lungs and chest wall is _____ proportional to their elastance

Answer: inversely

Flashcard 73: Lung compliance may be calculated by the equation C = _____

Answer: V/P

Flashcard 74: The frequency of slow waves in the duodenum is _____ waves/minute

Answer: 12

Flashcard 75: The compliance of the lungs and chest wall is _____ proportional to the wall stiffness

Answer: inversely