Pulmonary — Flashcards
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A Ghon complex is composed of a _____ and _____.
One complication associated with lung cancer is _____ due to compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
_____ is characterized by macrophages laden with carbon, causing inflammation and fibrosis
Which two pneumoconioses increase the risk for cor pulmonale? _____
In conditions that cause destruction of the _____, hemosiderin laden macrophages may be seen in the alveoli
Which pneomoconioses may produce centriacinar emphysema predominently in the upper lobes of the lung? _____
Lung carcinoma is classically divided into two categories: _____ (15%) and _____ (85%)
Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by _____ of the pulmonary trunk
Large cell carcinoma of the lung may present histologically with pleomorphic _____ cells
Large cell carcinoma of the lung may secrete the hormone _____
Pulmonary US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Pulmonary with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Pulmonary Flashcard Deck - 157 Cards
Flashcard 1: A Ghon complex is composed of a _____ and _____.
Answer: Ghon focus
Flashcard 2: One complication associated with lung cancer is _____ due to compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Answer: hoarseness
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 3: _____ is characterized by macrophages laden with carbon, causing inflammation and fibrosis
Answer: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 4: Which two pneumoconioses increase the risk for cor pulmonale? _____
Answer: Berylliosis and Silicosis
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 5: In conditions that cause destruction of the _____, hemosiderin laden macrophages may be seen in the alveoli
Answer: pulmonary vasculature
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Which pneomoconioses may produce centriacinar emphysema predominently in the upper lobes of the lung? _____
Answer: Simple coal worker's pneumoconiosis
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: Lung carcinoma is classically divided into two categories: _____ (15%) and _____ (85%)
Answer: small cell carcinoma
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by _____ of the pulmonary trunk
Answer: atherosclerosis
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/pulmonary-hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: Large cell carcinoma of the lung may present histologically with pleomorphic _____ cells
Answer: giant
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: Large cell carcinoma of the lung may secrete the hormone _____
Answer: β-hCG
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: The final phase of lobar pneumonia is _____ with regeneration of tissue via type II pneumocytes
Answer: resolution
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: Permanent airway remodeling due to recurrent bronchial inflammation (with eosinophils) is suggestive of chronic _____
Answer: asthma
Extra: * e.g. structural changes to bronchial wall Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: _____ lesions are small, vascular channels that may be seen with severe, long standing pulmonary hypertension
Answer: Plexiform
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/pulmonary-hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: _____ is a pneumoconiosis that presents with noncaseating granulomas in the lung, hilar lymph nodes, and systemic organs
Answer: Berylliosis
Extra: Watch Sarcoidosis & Berylliosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-sarcoidosis-and-berylliosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki Noncaseating granuloma Photomicrograph of lymph node tissue (H&E stain; high magnification) A high density of immune cells (example of a macrophage indicated by red arrowhead) is visible at the periphery of the image. These cells surround a formation (black dashed outline) of extracellular matrix (black arrowhead) in which single multinucleated giant cells (green overlay) are visible. These findings are typical of noncaseating granuloma.
Flashcard 15: Asthma may cause excessive production of mucus with resultant mucus _____
Answer: plugging
Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: Silicosis may present with "_____" calcification of the hilar lymph nodes
Answer: eggshell
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: _____ are solid balls of fungus present in the lungs that result from Aspergillus fumigatus infection
Answer: Aspergillomas
Extra: Watch Aspergillus fumigatus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-aspergillus-fumigatus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: Acute respiratory distress syndrome is a cause of _____ lung disease
Answer: interstitial restrictive
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/ards/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 19: Asbestosis lesions may contain _____ bodies, which are golden-brown fusiform rods resembling dumbbells
Answer: Asbestos (ferruginous)
Extra: *Screw with nuts in bottom right corner: in the macrophages, asbestos fibers are coated with an iron containing proteinaceous material -> ferruginous bodies (brown "beaded appearance" on H&E) Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: Chronic bronchitis leads to an increased _____ index, which is the thickness of mucus glands relative to the overall bronchial wall thickness
Answer: Reid
Extra: Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: Heritable pulmonary hypertension can be due to _____ mutations of the BMPR2 gene
Answer: inactivating
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/pulmonary-hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: Pleural diseases (e.g. mesothelioma) and pleural effusions are both _____ restrictive lung diseases Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a(n) _____ restrictive lung disease
Answer: extrinsic
Extra: Watch Restrictive Lung Disease (Overview) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-restrictive-lung-disease-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: _____ fibers in asbestos can penetrate the epithelium and enter the interstitium (more pathogenic than "serpentine" fibers)
Answer: Amphibole
Extra: * Amphiboles constitute the other family of asbestos materials and include crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite * Amphibole fibers are straighter, more brittle and more hydrophobic than chrysotile Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: What type of pneumonia is characterized by acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli? _____
Answer: Bronchopneumonia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: Pathogenesis of asthma involves allergens inducing a TH_____ phenotype in CD4+ T cells of genetically susceptible individuals
Answer: 2
Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: In atelectasis, the trachea may deviate _____ the side of the lesion
Answer: towards
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 27: Bronchiectasis is due to chronic _____ inflammation or obstruction which results in permanently dilated airways
Answer: necrotizing
Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: Emphysema is characterized by the _____ of alveolar air sacs
Answer: destruction
Extra: * Centriacinar predominantly in the respiratory bronchioles, whereas panacinar is predominant in the alveolus + alveolar ducts Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/copd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: _____ is likely related to cyclical lung injury, with TGF-β from injured pneumocytes inducing increased collagen deposition and fibrosis
Answer: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Extra: Watch Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki IPF seen on PATHOLOGY may also be referred to as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) - normally in lung injury, type I pneumocytes are destroyed, type II pneumocytes undergo hyperplasia to make cells that differentiate into and replace the type I, then remaining type II die - in IPF, chronic injury of type II pneumocytes leads to constant hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes (increased), which produce TGF-B that stimulates activity / proliferation of fibroblasts (increased); while type I pneumocytes die off (decrease) / are replaced by fibrotic tissue
Flashcard 30: Primary TB classically forms a(n) _____, which is a calcified granulomatous lesion with hilar lymphadenopathy
Answer: Ghon complex
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: _____ pneumonia is characterized by consolidation of an entire lobe or lung
Answer: Lobar
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: In silicosis, nodules coalesce to form large scars with areas of "_____" in between (cystically dilated)
Answer: honeycombing
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: Mild exposure to carbon (e.g. pollution) results in _____, which is an asymptomatic condition characterized by collections of carbon-laden macrophages
Answer: anthracosis
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: Tuberculosis can cause cavitary lung lesions due to release of proteases, NO, and ROS from _____
Answer: granulomas
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: In chronic bronchitis, the Reid index is > _____% (normal is < _____%)
Answer: 50
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis most commonly affects the _____ lobes of the lung
Answer: upper
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: Type _____ pneumocytes proliferate during lung damage
Answer: II
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/introduction-to-the-respiratory-system?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: Talcosis is a disease that causes _____ of the lung
Answer: granulomas
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/inflammation-and-neoplasia/wound-healing/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Most cases of primary tuberculosis resolve, healing via _____ and calcification, becoming latent
Answer: fibrosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: Is pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease usually at least partially reversible following correction of underlying abnormality? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/pulmonary-hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: Large cell carcinoma of the lung is _____ located
Answer: peripherally
Extra: courtyard = peripheral; prison cells = central Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki A/w gynecomastia
Flashcard 42: During which phase of the natural history of lobar pneumonia is the exudate composed of WBCs, lysed RBCs, and fibrin? _____
Answer: Gray hepatization
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: Klebsiella can result in _____ formation in the lung
Answer: abscess
Extra: Watch Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Serratia marcescens [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-enteric-tract-klebsiella-pneumoniae-enterobacter-spp-serratia-marcescens?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: Silica may impair _____ and disrupt _____ formation, increasing susceptibility to TB
Answer: macrophages
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki only Pneumoconioses that increases risk for TB Don't be silly, you don't want TB!
Flashcard 45: Granulomas due to sarcoidosis most commonly involve the _____ lymph nodes and the _____, leading to restrictive lung disease
Answer: hilar
Extra: Watch Sarcoidosis & Berylliosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-sarcoidosis-and-berylliosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: In asbestosis, fibrosis progresses to large inelastic fibrous tissue segments with intervening areas of "_____"
Answer: honeycombing
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: Prolonged interstitial lung disease may lead to respiratory failure secondary to _____
Answer: pulmonary arterial hypertension
Extra: * Destruction of lung parenchyma and reduction in alveolar capillaries -> increased pulmonary arterial resistance -> elevated pulmonary arterial pressure Watch Restrictive Lung Disease (Overview) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-restrictive-lung-disease-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: Bronchopneumonia is often multifocal and _____
Answer: bilateral
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: What is the etiology of Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia? _____
Answer: Etiology unknown
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: The Ghon complex of Primary tuberculosis includes _____ lymphadenopathy with _____ foci in the middle and lower lobes of the lungs
Answer: hilar
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: Vocal cord nodules are due to excessive use of vocal cords and are usually _____
Answer: bilateral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: Pneumoconioses requires chronic exposure to small particles that are _____
Answer: fibrogenic
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: In ARDS, activation of neutrophils by proinflammatory cytokines induces free radical and protease-mediated damage of _____ pneumocytes
Answer: both type I and II
Extra: Watch Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/ards/acquire?ref=anki Step Up to Medicine:
Flashcard 54: In pneumoconiosis, release of growth factors leads to production of _____, which causes restrictive lung disease
Answer: collagen
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: Lobar pneumonia is characterized by neutrophils in the air sacs with a(n) _____ exudate
Answer: intra-alveolar
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung commonly presents as a hilar mass arising from the _____
Answer: bronchus
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: Asthma is associated with bronchial smooth muscle _____
Answer: hypertrophy
Extra: * due to the allergic reaction causing inflammation, which releases chemical mediators from mast cells that stimulate mucous secretion and contraction of smooth muscle cells -> smooth muscle hypertrophy + hyperplastic bronchial glands Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: Asthma pathogenesis: TH2 cells secrete IL-_____ which attracts eosinophils
Answer: 5
Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: During which phase of the natural history of lobar pneumonia is the exudate composed of mostly bacteria? _____
Answer: Congestion
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by hypertrophy/hyperplasia of bronchial _____ glands
Answer: mucinous
Extra: Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/inflammation-and-neoplasia/cellular-adaptations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: _____ of the lung is the most common cancer in nonsmokers and female smokers
Answer: Adenocarcinoma
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: Complete collapse of a lung usually occurs following _____ of a mainstem bronchus
Answer: obstruction
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: _____ pneumonia is characterized by diffuse, patchy inflammation that is localized to interstitial areas at alveolar walls
Answer: Atypical
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=15] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: One clinical feature of asthma is a productive cough with eosinophil-derived crystals, known as _____ crystals
Answer: Charcot-Leyden
Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Inhalation injury results in the development of chemical _____, pulmonary edema, and pneumonitis
Answer: tracheobronchitis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: Secondary TB typically affects the _____ of the lung due to high oxygen tension
Answer: apex
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: Small (oat) cell carcinoma of the lung is characterized by positive staining for _____, neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and NCAM (CD56)
Answer: chromogranin A
Extra: * very aggressive neuroendocrine tumor; amplification of L-MYC gene common, as well Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: Adenocarcinoma in situ is a subtype of adenocarcinoma that typically arises from _____ cells
Answer: club (Clara)
Extra: Watch Lung Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-lung-cancer-lung-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/lung-cancer/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: Pneumoconioses are due to release of fibrogenic factors from _____ that have engulfed foreign, fibrogenic particles
Answer: alveolar macrophages
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by _____ fibrosis of pulmonary arteries
Answer: intimal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/pulmonary-hypertension/acquire?ref=anki UWorld:
Flashcard 71: Recovery of ARDS may be complicated by _____ due to loss of type II pneumocytes
Answer: interstitial fibrosis/scarring
Extra: Watch Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/ards/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Silicosis is seen in sandblasters, silica miners, and _____
Answer: foundries
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: Lymphatic pleural effusion occurs due to _____ injury from trauma or malignancy
Answer: thoracic duct
Extra: * or from obstruction of the thoracic duct Watch Pneumothorax [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-pneumothorax?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: Bronchiectasis primarily affects the _____ lobes of the lung
Answer: lower
Extra: * seen on CT/CXR as crowded bronchial markings extending to edge of lung periphery Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: Secondary pulmonary hypertension due to Chronic _____ may arise with recurrent pulmonary _____ or microthrombi
Answer: Thromboemboli
Extra: Watch Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/pulmonary-hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: Following red hepatization, lobar pneumonia presents grossly with _____, due to degradation of red blood cells within exudate
Answer: gray hepatization
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: Asthma pathogenesis: TH2 cells secrete IL-_____ which stimulates TH2 cells and inhibits TH1 cells
Answer: 10
Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: Emphysema is due to an imbalance of _____ (e.g. elastase) and _____ (e.g. α1-antitrypsin)
Answer: proteases
Extra: increased elastase activity due to imbalance results in loss of elastic fibers Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: Silicosis is a pneumoconiosis that results from prolonged _____ exposure
Answer: silica
Extra: Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: The BMPR2 gene normally inhibits _____ proliferation
Answer: vascular smooth muscle
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/pulmonary-hypertension/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: Acute (aka Adult) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is caused by diffuse alveolar damage with impairment of the _____ interface
Answer: alveolar-capillary
Extra: Watch Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome-ards?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/ards/acquire?ref=anki Step Up to Medicine:
Flashcard 82: Lymphatic pleural effusion is characterized by a(n) _____-appearing fluid with increased triglycerides
Answer: milky
Extra: Watch Pneumothorax [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-pneumothorax?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: During the exudative phase of ARDS, initial alveolar injury is due to release of what by macrophages? _____
Answer: Cytokines
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/ards/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Primary Mycobacteria tuberculosis infection is diagnosed via presence of the _____ complex
Answer: Ghon
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: A(n) Ranke complex is a Ghon complex that has undergone progressive fibrosis and subsequent _____
Answer: calcification
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Emphysema is characterized by _____ of air spaces
Answer: enlargement
Extra: Watch COPD & Emphysema [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-copd-and-emphysema?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: In Potter sequence, oligohydramnios leads to pulmonary _____
Answer: hypoplasia
Extra: Watch Congenital & Cystic Kidney Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-congenital-and-chronic-kidney-disease-congenital-and-cystic-kidney-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Polyhydramnios & Oligohydramnios [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-congenital-and-chronic-kidney-disease-congenital-and-cystic-kidney-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 88: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by _____ due to multiple fibroblastic foci
Answer: patchy interstitial fibrosis
Extra: *varies with time, the earliest lesions demonstrate exuberant fibroblastic proliferation (fibroblastic foci) histology on right Watch Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-idiopathic-pulmonary-fibrosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: Gross examination of pulmonary infarction due to PE reveals a hemorrhagic, _____-shaped infarct
Answer: wedge
Extra: Watch Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-acute-lung-disorders-deep-vein-thrombosis-and-pulmonary-embolism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-special-topics?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pulmonary-embolism/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: _____ is characterized by scattered, patchy consolidation centered around bronchioles
Answer: Bronchopneumonia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: _____ are a subset of restrictive lung diseases characterized by interstitial fibrosis due to occupational exposure
Answer: Pneumoconioses
Extra: Watch Restrictive Lung Disease (Overview) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-restrictive-lung-disease-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Pneumoconioses [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-restrictive-lung-disease-pneumoconioses?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: Charcot-Leyden crystals in sputum and Curschmann spirals (whorled mucous plugs) are seen in _____
Answer: asthma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: _____ causes centriacinar emphysema in upper lungs _____ causes panacinar emphysema in lower lungs
Answer: Smoking
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: α1-antitrypsin deficiency results in _____ emphysema that is most severe in the _____ lobes of the lung.
Answer: panacinar
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Asbestosis = _____ lobes
Answer: lower
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma of the lung is _____ located
Answer: peripherally
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: Silica may impair _____ and disrupt _____ formation, increasing susceptibility to TB
Answer: macrophages
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: Silicosis may present with "_____" calcification of the hilar lymph nodes
Answer: eggshell
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: _____ is characterized by the destruction of alveolar air sacs
Answer: Emphysema
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/copd/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: _____ pulmonary edema = due to ↑ pulmonary hydrostatic pressure _____ pulmonary edema = due to ↑ pulmonary capillary permeability
Answer: Cardiogenic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: What is the cause of low glucose in an exudative pleural effusion? _____
Answer: Consumption by leukocytes and bacteria
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: Pleural plaques = _____
Answer: asbestosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: What is asthma? _____ Immunologic pathology? _____
Answer: Reactive obstructive airway disease caused by inflammation and bronchoconstriction that results in ↑ resistance to airflow
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/asthma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: Are lung adenocarcinomas typically centrally or peripherally located? _____
Answer: Peripherally
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: When tuberculosis reactivates (secondary), it primarily affects the _____ lobes of the lung
Answer: upper
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: Chronic _____ can look similar to TB, with cavitary lesions in the upper lobes of the lungs and hilar lymphadenopathy
Answer: Histoplasmosis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: One complication associated with lung cancer is _____ due to compression of the phrenic nerve
Answer: diaphragmatic paralysis
Flashcard 108: Which two pneumoconioses increase the risk for cor pulmonale?_____
Answer: Berylliosis and Silicosis
Flashcard 109: Fat emboli commonly presents with _____ due to fat, often with bone marrow elements, in the pulmonary vessels
Answer: dyspnea (symptom)
Flashcard 110: What is a respiratory complication of measles (rubeola)?_____
Answer: Giant cell pneumonia (specific)
Flashcard 111: _____ presents with "Ivory white", calcified supradiaphragmatic and pleural plaques
Answer: Asbestosis
Flashcard 112: Mild exposure to carbon (e.g. pollution) results in _____, which is an asymptomatic condition characterized by collections of carbon-laden macrophages
Answer: anthracosis
Flashcard 113: Asthma pathogenesis: TH2 cells secrete IL-_____ which stimulates TH2 cells and inhibits TH1 cells
Answer: 10
Flashcard 114: During which phase of the natural history of lobar pneumonia is the exudate composed of fibrin, bacteria, RBCs, and WBCs?_____
Answer: Red hepatization
Flashcard 115: Recovery of ARDS may be complicated by _____ due to loss of type II pneumocytes
Answer: interstitial fibrosis/scarring
Flashcard 116: Asbestos bodies may be found in an alveolar septum sputum sample, often obtained by _____
Answer: bronchoalveolar lavage
Flashcard 117: During which phase of the natural history of lobar pneumonia is the exudate composed of mostly bacteria?_____
Answer: Congestion
Flashcard 118: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis results from prolonged _____ exposure
Answer: coal (carbon) dust
Flashcard 119: Restrictive lung diseases are most commonly due to _____ diseases of the lung
Answer: interstitial
Flashcard 120: What genotype is associated with an asymptomatic phenotype with decreased 1-antitrypsin? _____
Answer: PiMZ heterozygotes
Flashcard 121: Talcosis is a disease that causes _____ of the lung
Answer: granulomas
Flashcard 122: Lung abscess may occur in patients with _____ (e.g. cancer)
Answer: bronchial obstruction
Flashcard 123: Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) is a cause of _____ lung disease
Answer: interstitial restrictive
Flashcard 124: Silicosis presents with fibrotic nodules in the _____ lobes of the lung
Answer: upper
Flashcard 125: Asbestosis lesions may contain _____ bodies, which are golden-brown fusiform rods resembling dumbbells
Answer: Asbestos (ferruginous)
Flashcard 126: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung commonly presents as a hilar mass arising from the _____
Answer: bronchus
Flashcard 127: Gross examination of pulmonary infarction due to PE reveals a hemorrhagic, _____-shaped infarct
Answer: wedge
Flashcard 128: Pneumoconioses requires chronic exposure to small particles that are _____
Answer: fibrogenic
Flashcard 129: One multifactorial cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension is due to _____ of the pulmonary vasculature by a tumor
Answer: compression
Flashcard 130: _____ is fibrosis of the lung interstitium with unknown cause
Answer: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Flashcard 131: What type of upper airway obstruction is seen in tracheal stenosis, extraluminal goiter and mediastinal mass?_____
Answer: Fixed upper airway obstruction
Flashcard 132: Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung is _____ located
Answer: centrally
Flashcard 133: What type of pneumonia is characterized by acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli?_____
Answer: Bronchopneumonia
Flashcard 134: Berylliosis increases risk for _____ cancer
Answer: lung
Flashcard 135: Following the congestion phase, lobar pneumonia presents grossly with _____, due to exudate, neutrophils, and hemorrhage filling the alveolar air spaces
Answer: red hepatization
Flashcard 136: Interstitial restrictive lung disease may be caused by _____ (Eosinophilic granuloma)
Answer: pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Flashcard 137: Patients with lung cancers with a EML4-ALK fusion protein are typically seen in young _____
Answer: non-smokers (smoking status)
Flashcard 138: Primary TB classically forms a _____, which is a calcified granulomatous lesion with hilar lymphadenopathy
Answer: Ghon complex
Flashcard 139: Mesothelioma may result in _____ pleural effusion (exudative) and pleural thickening
Answer: hemorrhagic
Flashcard 140: Primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is most commonly due to a defect in _____
Answer: macrophages
Flashcard 141: Which is more common in individuals exposed to asbestos: lung (bronchogenic) carcinoma or mesothelioma? _____
Answer: Lung carcinoma
Flashcard 142: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is initially seen on CT in _____ patches
Answer: subpleural
Flashcard 143: Classic allergic asthma is mediated by Ig_____, produced in response to exposure to foreign antigens (i.e. dust, dander, pollen)
Answer: E
Flashcard 144: _____ pneumonia is characterized by diffuse interstitial infiltrates
Answer: Interstitial (atypical)
Flashcard 145: In ARDS, leakage of protein-rich fluid leads to formation of intra-alveolar _____ membranes
Answer: hyaline
Flashcard 146: Bronchiectasis is associated with bronchial _____, such as a tumor or foreign body
Answer: obstruction
Flashcard 147: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis can lead to interstitial fibrosis and _____ lung disease with chronic exposure to the inhaled antigen
Answer: restrictive
Flashcard 148: Following red hepatization, lobar pneumonia presents grossly with _____, due to degradation of red blood cells within exudate
Answer: gray hepatization
Flashcard 149: During which phase of the natural history of lobar pneumonia is the exudate composed of WBCs, lysed RBCs, and fibrin?_____
Answer: Gray hepatization
Flashcard 150: Pulmonary _____ is characterized by a poorly-developed bronchial tree with abnormal histology
Answer: hypoplasia
Flashcard 151: Asthma is associated with bronchial smooth muscle _____
Answer: hypertrophy
Flashcard 152: Pulmonary _____ (late stage) results in a honeycomb lung on CT
Answer: fibrosis
Flashcard 153: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis most commonly affects the _____ lobes of the lung
Answer: upper
Flashcard 154: Which type of lung carcinoma may present with cavitations on CXR? _____
Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma
Flashcard 155: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by hypertrophy/hyperplasia of bronchial _____ glands
Answer: mucinous
Flashcard 156: Asbestosis most commonly affects the _____ lobes of the lung
Answer: lower
Flashcard 157: Large cell carcinoma of the lung may present histologically with pleomorphic _____ cells
Answer: giant
Keywords: Pulmonary flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Atelectasis
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Pulmonary edema
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome
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Obstructive lung diseases (emphysema, bronchitis)
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Asthma pathology
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Bronchiectasis
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Restrictive lung diseases
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Interstitial lung diseases
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Pulmonary vascular disorders
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Pulmonary infections
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Lung tumors (primary and metastatic)
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Pleural diseases
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Congenital lung anomalies
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