Skeletal muscle diseases — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ muscular dystrophy typically presents before 5 years of age

Answer: Duchenne

Flashcard 2: _____ is a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

Answer: Rhabdomyosarcoma

Flashcard 3: _____ is a trinucleotide repeat disorder that causes degeneration of the cerebellum and multiple spinal cord tracts

Answer: Friedreich ataxia

Flashcard 4: What type of hypersensitivity reaction is Graves disease and Myasthenia Gravis? _____

Answer: Type II HSR (cellular dysfunction)

Flashcard 5: What musculoskeletal disorder is characterized by metaplasia of skeletal muscle fibroblasts to bone? _____

Answer: Myositis ossificans

Flashcard 6: Loss of dystrophin (e.g. X-linked muscular dystrophy) results in myo-_____

Answer: necrosis

Flashcard 7: What is the term for infarcted tissue in the basal ganglia or internal capsule caused by occlusion of a lenticulostriate artery?

Answer: lacunar infarct

Flashcard 8: epidural hematoma

Answer: rupture of middle meningeal artery; fracture of temporal bone

Extra: rapid arterial bleedinglucid interval followed by decreased LOC; CN 3 palsy, increased ICPCT: biconvex, hyperdense blood; does not cross sutures; may cross falx, tentorium 

Flashcard 9: central pontine myelinolysis

Answer: often iatrogenic; caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia

Extra: massive axonal demyelination of pontine white matter tractsacute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, loss of consciousness; +/- locked-in syndromeT2 MRI: increased signal in central pons 

Flashcard 10: subdural hematoma

Answer:

Extra: slow venous bleeding via rupture of bridging veinsdecreased LOC, increased ICPCT: crescent shaped, hyperdense blood; midline shift; may cross sutures; does not cross falx, tentorium brain atrophyelderly, alcoholics