Alzheimer's disease pathology US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Alzheimer's disease pathology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Alzheimer's disease pathology Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: Alzheimer disease is characterized by _____ of sulci
Answer: widening
Flashcard 2: Amyloid may be visualized using _____ staining
Answer: Congo red
Flashcard 3: Alzheimer disease is characterized by _____ of gyri
Answer: narrowing
Flashcard 4: The neuritic plaques seen in Alzheimer's are composed of _____ with entangled neuritic processes
Answer: Aβ amyloid (Amyloid-beta)
Flashcard 5: What is the term for infarcted tissue in the basal ganglia or internal capsule caused by occlusion of a lenticulostriate artery?
Answer: lacunar infarct
Flashcard 6: epidural hematoma
Answer: rupture of middle meningeal artery; fracture of temporal bone
Extra: rapid arterial bleeding lucid interval followed by decreased LOC; CN 3 palsy, increased ICP CT: biconvex, hyperdense blood; does not cross sutures; may cross falx, tentorium
Flashcard 7: What is the cause of central pontine myelinolysis?
Answer: Often iatrogenic; caused by rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia.
Extra: - Pathogenesis: Massive axonal demyelination of pontine white matter tracts.
- Clinical Features: Acute paralysis, dysarthria, dysphagia, diplopia, loss of consciousness; may progress to locked-in syndrome.
- MRI (T2): Increased signal (hyperintensity) in the central pons.
- Mnemonic: "From Low to High (Sodrum), your Pons will Die."
Flashcard 8: Which vessel is ruptured in a Subdural Hematoma?
Answer: Bridging veins rupture (crescent-shaped on CT)
Extra: Mechanism: Slow venous bleeding via rupture of bridging veins.
Clinical: Decreased LOC, increased ICP.
CT findings: Crescent-shaped, hyperdense blood (in acute phase); crosses suture lines; does not cross dural attachments (falx, tentorium).
Risk factors: Brain atrophy, elderly, alcoholics, shaken baby syndrome.
Flashcard 9: Classic clinical presentation of subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Answer: "Worst headache of my life" (Thunderclap headache)
Extra: - Cause: Rapid arterial bleeding, most commonly from rupture of a berry (saccular) aneurysm.
- Symptoms: Decreased LOC, increased ICP, meningismus.
- Diagnosis:
- CT: Blood in cisterns and gyri.
- Lumbar Puncture: Bloody or xanthochromic (yellow) CSF.
- Complications: Late-onset vasospasm (3–10 days later); Nimodipine is used for prevention.
- Risk of rebleeding.
Flashcard 10: Key features of intraparenchymal hemorrhage (CT and etiology)
Answer: CT: Smudgy, patchy blood within parenchyma (typically in basal ganglia and internal capsule) :: Most common causes are HTN and Amyloid Angiopathy
Extra: Etiology: Hypertension (most common overall, often in basal ganglia), Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (most common in elderly with lobar hemorrhage), vasculitis, or neoplasms.
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