Autophagy mechanisms — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Mutant 1-antitrypsin polymerizes and accumulates in the _____ of hepatocytes, resulting in liver damage (e.g. cirrhosis)

Answer: endoplasmic reticulum

Flashcard 2: _____ membrane damage in irreversible cell injury results in hydrolytic enzymes leaking into the cytosol

Answer: Lysosome

Flashcard 3: Atrophy via decrease in cell size may occur via _____ of cellular components

Answer: autophagy

Flashcard 4: Atrophy via decrease in cell number occurs via _____

Answer: apoptosis

Flashcard 5: The nucleus of apoptotic cells stains deeply _____-philic

Answer: baso

Flashcard 6: Apoptosis is characterized morphologically by cell _____ (size), chromatin condensation, and membrane blebbing

Answer: shrinkage

Flashcard 7: Fat necrosis of breast tissue presents as a painless _____ on physical exam

Answer: mass

Extra:   * Necrosis may be tender and painful, as well; "irregular breast mass" Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/inflammation-and-neoplasia/necrosis/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: Niemann Pick disease may present with progressive _____

Answer: neurodegeneration

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: Which layer of the cerebellum is most affected by global cerebral ischemia? _____

Answer: Purkinje layer

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/ischemic-cerebrovascular-accidents?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 10: Ionizing radiation results in the formation of double-stranded breaks in DNA and _____ which damage DNA

Answer: hydroxyl free radicals

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki