Second trimester serum screening — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Anencephaly is characterized by _____ levels of AFP in utero

Answer: elevated

Flashcard 2: Elevated -hCG is seen in pregnancy, especially when there are _____

Answer: multiple gestations

Flashcard 3: Down syndrome presents with _____ estriol

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 4: What is the risk of fetal loss in amniocentesis? What about chorionic villus sampling? _____

Answer: 0.5% in amniocentesis versus 1% in CVS

Flashcard 5: Down syndrome presents with _____ free -hCG

Answer: increased

Flashcard 6: cervical dysplasia/squamous cell carcinoma

Answer: HPV 16, 18

Extra: koilocytes (enlarged, hyperchromatic epithelial cells) on Pap smear. (normal left, abnormal right) multiple sexual partners, smoking, early age of firts intercourse, HIV infectionmay progress to invasive carcinoma

Flashcard 7: Worldwide, _____ cancer is the most common gynecologic tumor.

Answer: cervical

Flashcard 8: secondary prevention (epidemiology)

Answer: early detection (e.g. Pap smear)

Flashcard 9: Ovarian surface epithelial tumors typically present _____ and therefore have _____ prognosis

Answer: late

Extra:   Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: What is the key risk factor for Cervical Carcinoma? _____

Answer: High-risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)

Extra:    https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Other: - smoking - starting sexual intercourse at a young age - immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV infection)