Diagnostic testing (amniocentesis, CVS) — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: -fetoprotein (AFP) is transiently elevated in _____

Answer: pregnancy

Flashcard 2: When performing a maternal serum quadruple screen, accurate estimation of _____ is very important to determine whether levels of analytes are abnormal

Answer: gestational age

Flashcard 3: Elevated _____ in amniotic fluid is a helpful confirmatory test for neural tube defects

Answer: acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

Flashcard 4: What is the risk of fetal loss in amniocentesis? What about chorionic villus sampling? _____

Answer: 0.5% in amniocentesis versus 1% in CVS

Flashcard 5: cervical dysplasia/squamous cell carcinoma

Answer: HPV 16, 18

Extra: koilocytes (enlarged, hyperchromatic epithelial cells) on Pap smear. (normal left, abnormal right) multiple sexual partners, smoking, early age of firts intercourse, HIV infectionmay progress to invasive carcinoma

Flashcard 6: Worldwide, _____ cancer is the most common gynecologic tumor.

Answer: cervical

Flashcard 7: secondary prevention (epidemiology)

Answer: early detection (e.g. Pap smear)

Flashcard 8: Ovarian surface epithelial tumors typically present _____ and therefore have _____ prognosis

Answer: late

Extra:   Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: What is the key risk factor for Cervical Carcinoma? _____

Answer: High-risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)

Extra:    https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Other: - smoking - starting sexual intercourse at a young age - immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV infection) 

Flashcard 10: Spontaneous, unilateral serosanguinous nipple discharge is followed up with _____ and _____

Answer: mammography → ultrasound

Extra:  * vascular connection to the tumor that is not present normally; connects papilloma to duct wall Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki