Carrier screening for genetic disorders — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: In female infertility testing; saline infusion sonohysterography is the preferred method of diagnosing abnormalities of the _____

Answer: uterine cavity

Flashcard 2: Down syndrome presents with _____ free -hCG

Answer: increased

Flashcard 3: Elevated -fetoprotein (AFP) can be associated with _____ defects (ex. Omphalocele)

Answer: abdominal wall

Flashcard 4: cervical dysplasia/squamous cell carcinoma

Answer: HPV 16, 18

Extra: koilocytes (enlarged, hyperchromatic epithelial cells) on Pap smear. (normal left, abnormal right) multiple sexual partners, smoking, early age of firts intercourse, HIV infectionmay progress to invasive carcinoma

Flashcard 5: Worldwide, _____ cancer is the most common gynecologic tumor.

Answer: cervical

Flashcard 6: secondary prevention (epidemiology)

Answer: early detection (e.g. Pap smear)

Flashcard 7: Ovarian surface epithelial tumors typically present _____ and therefore have _____ prognosis

Answer: late

Extra:   Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: What is the key risk factor for Cervical Carcinoma? _____

Answer: High-risk HPV (16, 18, 31, 33)

Extra:    https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/cervical-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Other: - smoking - starting sexual intercourse at a young age - immunodeficiency (e.g. HIV infection) 

Flashcard 9: Spontaneous, unilateral serosanguinous nipple discharge is followed up with _____ and _____

Answer: mammography → ultrasound

Extra:  * vascular connection to the tumor that is not present normally; connects papilloma to duct wall Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: Fibrocystic change presents as a '_____' breast that may be painful

Answer: lumpy

Extra:   * Often co-occurs with breast cysts Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki