Bacteria — Flashcards

Flashcard 81: What culture medium is used to isolate H. influenzae?

Answer: chocolate agar with NAD+ and hematin

Flashcard 82: stationary

Answer: nutrient depletion slows growth; spore formation by relevant bacteria

Extra: C

Flashcard 83: What cytokines are released by activated macrophages?

Answer: IL-1, TNF, NO

Flashcard 84: botulinum toxin

Answer: Clostridium botulinum

Extra: inhibits release of neurotransmittercleaves SNARE protein required for stimulatory NT releaseflaccid paralysis

Flashcard 85: tetanospasmin

Answer: Clostridium tetani

Extra: inhibits release of neurotransmittercleaves SNARE protein required for inhibitory NT releasemuscle tetany

Flashcard 86: pertussis toxin

Answer: Bordatella pertussis

Extra: inhibits phagocytosis by hostoveractivates adenylate cyclasecharacteristic "whooping" cough

Flashcard 87: edema factor

Answer: Bacillus anthracis

Extra: increases fluid secretionsmimics activity of adenylate cyclaseedematous border of black eschar

Flashcard 88: shiga-like toxin (SLT)

Answer: enterohemorrhagic E. coli (esp. 0157:H7 strain)

Extra: protein synthesis inhibitorinactivates 60S ribosomeHUS

Flashcard 89: shiga toxin (ST)

Answer: Shigella spp.

Extra: protein synthesis inhibitorinactivates 60S ribosomeGI mucosal damage, HUS

Flashcard 90: Compare the heat stability of exotoxins and endotoxins.

Answer: exo - low, destroyed at 60° C endo - high, stable to 100° C