Bacteria US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Bacteria with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Bacteria Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 21: Lyme disease
Answer: Borellia burgdorferi
Extra: flu-like symptoms, erythema migrans doxycycline or ceftriaxone
Flashcard 22: Weil's disease
Answer: Leptospira interrogans
Extra: jaundice, azotemia, fever, hemorrhage, anemia aka icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis
Flashcard 23: Causative agent of Leptospirosis?
Answer: Leptospira interrogans
Extra: Flu-like symptoms, jaundice, conjunctivitis with photophobia. Exposure to water contaminated with animal urine (e.g., surfers in tropics, farmers in rice paddies).
Flashcard 24: Gram stain and visualization method for Leptospira interrogans?
Answer: Gram negative spirochete (too thin to be seen on light microscopy); visualized by Dark-field microscopy.
Extra: - Transmission: Contact with water contaminated by animal urine (dogs, rodents).
- Clinical: Leptospirosis (flu-like symptoms, jaundice, photophobia with conjunctival suffusion).
- Weil's disease: Severe form with liver dysfunction (jaundice) and kidney failure.
- Morphology: Question mark shape.
Flashcard 25: Of the common spirochetes, which can be visualized with standard stain methods?
Answer: Borrelia (it is large enough to be seen with Giemsa or Wright stain)
Flashcard 26: H. pylori expresses the enzyme _____ which allows it to turn its local environment alkaline and thereby survive in the acidic gastric environment.
Answer: urease
Flashcard 27: Main characteristics and clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori?
Answer: Gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacillus; Urease positive; Causes gastritis and peptic ulcers.
Extra: - Morphology: Curved/spiral gram-negative rods.
- Key Enzyme: Urease (neutralizes gastric acid).
- Reservoir: Human stomach (antrum).
- Pathogenesis: Gastritis, Duodenal ulcers, Gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma.
- Triple Therapy: PPI + Clarithromycin + Amoxicillin (or Metronidazole).
Flashcard 28: What type of illness is most commonly associated with Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)?
Answer: Pediatric diarrhea (watery)
Extra: Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) typically causes infantile diarrhea in developing countries. It adheres to intestinal epithelium via bundle-forming pili, causing 'attaching and effacing' (A/E) lesions that flatten villi, preventing absorption. Unlike ETEC, it does not produce toxins.
Flashcard 29: Characteristics of Escherichia coli?
Answer: Gram-negative bacillus, lactose fermenter, indole positive.
Extra: Classification: Catalase +, Oxidase -. Key presentations: UTI (most common cause), diarrhea (ETEC, EHEC, etc.), neonatal meningitis, and sepsis. Often identified on MacConkey agar as pink (lactose-fermenting) colonies.
Flashcard 30: What are the characteristic clinical and microscopic findings in Babesiosis?
Answer: Maltese cross appearance (intraerythrocytic parasites), fever, and hemolytic anemia
Extra: Transmitted by Ixodes tick. Treatment: Atovaquone + Azithromycin. Common in Northeastern US.
Keywords: Bacteria flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
