Sleep-disordered breathing — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Patients with prolonged, untreated obstructive sleep apnea can develop _____ and a resultant right heart failure

Answer: pulmonary hypertension

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 2: _____ sleep apnea can occur due patients having marginal ventilation when awake (e.g. CNS disease, neuromuscular disease, severe kyphoscoliosis, heavy dose narcotics)

Answer: Central

Flashcard 3: Central sleep apnea is treated with _____

Answer: positive airway pressure

Flashcard 4: Patients with prolonged, untreated obstructive sleep apnea can develop _____ and a resultant right heart failure

Answer: pulmonary hypertension

Flashcard 5: Sleep apnea is associated with arrhythmias, especially _____

Answer: atrial fibrillation/flutter

Flashcard 6: Cheyne-Stokes respiration is associated with _____

Answer: severe heart or brain failure (↑ CO2)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 7: Orthopnea, exertional and nocturnal dyspnea is suggestive of _____

Answer: Left HF

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: What signs/symptoms define Kartagener syndrome?

Answer: Subset of PCD with triad of bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and situs inversus

Flashcard 9: When primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) presents with the triad of bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, and situs inversus, what is it called?

Answer: Kartagener syndrome