Heart failure — Flashcards

Flashcard 161: Which type of parapneumonic effusion is characterized by the following values: pH < 7.2 Glucose < 60 mg/dl WBC > 50,000/mm3 Gram stain/culture: negative _____

Answer: Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 162: Reduce intake of [_____] and H2O in heart failure to reduce fluid overload

Answer: Na

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 163: Muscle Strength Evaluation _____ = some movement against resistance

Answer: 4/5

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 164: CHF or cirrhosis = _____volemic hyponatremia

Answer: hyper

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/sodium/acquire?ref=anki  hypervolemic hyponatremia (↑ fluid retention); after administration of diuretics, this hyponatremia may resolve due to excess water diuresis compared to sodium loss. 1) Cirrhosis = vasodilation (↓ TPR) 2) ↓ ECV due to vasodilation 3) ↓ ECV = ↑ ADH and RAAS (try to retain Na/H2O) 4) ↑ ADH = ↑ TBW (explains hyponatremia) 

Flashcard 165: Consolidation (lobar pneumonia, pulmonary edema) may present with late inspiratory _____ [sound:30 SO - Bronchial Breath Sounds and Late-Inspiratory Crackles.mp3]

Answer: crackles

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 166: Ischemic heart failure = add _____ and statin

Answer: aspirin

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 167: Paget disease of bone often presents with _____ loss due to CN impingement from foramen narrowing

Answer: hearing

Flashcard 168: Benign prostatic hyperplasia may present with _____ (increased urination throughout the night)

Answer: nocturia

Flashcard 169: Central sleep apnea is treated with _____

Answer: positive airway pressure

Flashcard 170: What cancer may be associated with IgM-mediated immune hemolytic anemia?_____

Answer: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)