Red flags — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What are the signs and symptoms of stage 2 Lyme disease?

Answer: bilateral facial nerve palsy, AV node block

Flashcard 2: Paraesophageal hernias are associated with _____ in lung fields

Answer: bowel sounds

Extra:   Watch Structural Esophageal Disorders & GERD [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-structural-esophageal-disorders-and-gerd?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/non-visceral-anatomy?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 3: Spinal metastases present with back pain that is worse at _____, and is not relieved by position changes / analgesics

Answer: night

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 4: PSA > _____ ng/dl is worrisome at any age and may be indicative of prostatic adenocarcinoma

Answer: 10

Extra:   Watch Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-bph-and-prostate-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/prostate/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 5: Cardiovascular collapse, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, adrenal insufficiency, and hypothermia/confusion are complications seen in _____

Answer: myxedema coma

Extra:  * Adrenal insufficiency (broken adrenal beanie cap) associated with myxedema coma, as well Watch Hypothyroidism Overview & Hashimotos Thyroiditis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-overview-and-hashimotos-thyroiditis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: Cauda equina syndrome may present with absent _____ and ankle reflexes

Answer: knee

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/spinal-cord-syndromes?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 7: As limb compartment syndrome progresses, patients can develop _____ deficits

Answer: motor

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Flashcard 8: Ependymomas may present with _____

Answer: hydrocephalus

Extra:   Watch Pediatric CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-pediatric-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/pediatric-brain-tumors?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 9: Post-trauma, chest pain, widened mediastinum and tracheal deviation is suggestive of _____

Answer: aortic rupture/injury

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Flashcard 10: Back pain and malignancy concern (e.g. nocturnal pain, malignancy history) is managed with _____

Answer: X-ray

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 11: Sudden onset of right-sided varicocele is suspicious for _____ or _____ *bonus: what is the next step in management?

Answer: renal cell carcinoma

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 12: What is the recommended imaging modality for a patient with back pain with neurologic deficits and signs of cauda equina syndrome (e.g. saddle anesthesia)? _____

Answer: MRI

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 13: Features of pancreatic cysts that increase risk for malignancy: - _____ - Solid components or calcifications - Main pancreatic duct involvement (e.g. ductal dilation) - Thickened or irregular cyst wall

Answer: Large size (>3 cm)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 14: Fever, focal back pain and neurologic findings with a history of infection or IVDU is suggestive of _____

Answer: epidural abscess

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 15: Fracture of first rib, scapula, sternum and widened mediastinum is suggestive of _____

Answer: traumatic rupture of aorta

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 16: What does this show? _____

Answer: Enlarged epiglottis (epiglottitis)

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Flashcard 17: Sinus infection and headache, fever, early-morning vomiting is suggestive of _____

Answer: brain abscess

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 18: Fever and focal back pain and neurologic findings with a history of diabetes and back trauma is suggestive of _____

Answer: spinal epidural abscess

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 19: CXR findings consistent with esophageal perforation include left-sided pleural effusion, subcutaneous emphysema, and _____ mediastinum

Answer: widened

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 20: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with worsening focal back pain, especially at night, and bilateral lower extremity weakness/sensory loss, and gait ataxia for the past week? _____

Answer: Spinal cord compression

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 21: _____ is a skin condition associated with diabetes mellitus that typically progresses over the course of 12-18 hours

Answer: Ecthyma gangrenosum

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Flashcard 22: Hyperdense MCA sign is suggestive of _____

Answer: ischemic stroke

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/stroke/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 23: Patient presents with vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) of the face _____

Answer: Nevus flammeus; associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 24: Headache, fever and focal neuro deficits / seizures following otitis media is suggestive of _____

Answer: brain abscess

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: Severe headache, neck stiffness and hemiparesis is managed with _____

Answer: CT scan

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 26: Progressively worsening headache worse in the AM and focal neurologic deficits = _____

Answer: tumor

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 27: _____-sided varicocele suggests renal cell carcinoma or thrombus

Answer: Right

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 28: These are "red flags" for a _____ cause of headache

Answer: secondary

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 29: What is the diagnosis in a patient with vulvar irritation, excoriations, and an erythematous, friable plaque on the labia majora? _____

Answer: Vulvar cancer

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 30: Stiff neck, fever, headache, and mental status changes often indicate _____

Answer: meningitis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/headache/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 31: Is brisk rotatory nystagmus a normal finding in elderly patients? _____

Answer: No

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 32: penetrating trauma, distended neck veins, reduced lung sounds, hyperresonance and trachea contralateral deviation is _____

Answer: tension pneumothorax

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/shock/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 33: Which pancreatic cysts are at high risk for malignancy? Large size (> 3cm) Solid components or calcifications _____ _____

Answer: Main pancreatic duct involvement

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 34: What is the most likely diagnosis in an adult patient with sore throat, fever, neck tenderness, and stridor? _____

Answer: Epiglottitis

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Flashcard 35: Virchow's node is seen in _____

Answer: gastric carcinoma

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 36: What does bilious vomiting indicate? _____

Answer: Obstruction distal to ampulla of vater

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 37: Inappropriately sized neonate with jitteriness and tremors? _____

Answer: Hypoglycemia (<40-45 mg/dL)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/newborn-management/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 38: - Sick, rapid onset, with high-spiking fever - Drooling, neck extended, muffled/"hot-potato" voice - Unilateral anterior lymphadenopathy with tender mass _____

Answer: Retropharyngeal abscess; CT

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/upper-airway/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 39: Hematuria and GU cancer = _____

Answer: painless

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 40: Which intracranial hemorrhage presents as the "worst headache of my life"? _____

Answer: Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Flashcard 41: Subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with sudden _____ and nuchal rigidity

Answer: headache

Flashcard 42: On Fundoscopy, _____ is characterized by optic disc swelling / elevation with blurred margins (usually bilateral)

Answer: Papilledema

Flashcard 43: Varicocele is associated with left-sided _____ carcinoma

Answer: renal cell

Flashcard 44: A retropharyngeal abscess commonly presents with fever, _____ pain, drooling, and cervical lymphadenopathy

Answer: neck

Flashcard 45: Central retinal artery occlusion is characterized by acute, _____ monocular vision loss

Answer: painless (painful or painless)