Type I and Type II errors — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The prioritization of positive effects (comfort) over negative effects (respiratory depression) is called the _____.

Answer: principle of double effect

Flashcard 2: sleepwalking

Answer:

Extra: benzodiazepines

Flashcard 3: imprinting (genetics)

Answer: gene expression and phenotype is dependent on the sex of the parent of origin

Flashcard 4: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Answer:

Extra: build-up of hypoxanthine and guanine in cellsretardation, self-mutilation, aggression, gout, choreoathetosishyperuricemia XR HGPRT

Flashcard 5: Patient is not adherent to prescribed treatment.

Answer: Attempt to identify the patient's reasons for nonadherence and determine his/her willingness to change; do not coerce patient or refer them to a different physician.

Flashcard 6: Patient desires an unnecessary procedure.

Answer: Attempt to understand why the patient wants the procedure and address underlying concerns. Do not refuse to see the patient or refer them to another physician. However, avoid unnecessary procedures.

Flashcard 7: Patient states that they find you attractive.

Answer: Romantic relationships with patients are never appropriate. Ask direct, closed-ended questions, and use a chaperone. Never say anything that implies that a relationship might be possible once the individual is no longer your patient.

Flashcard 8: Hawthorne effect

Answer: study participants change behavior because they are aware they are being studied (e.g. medication trials have greater adherence than real patients)

Flashcard 9: observer-expectancy effect

Answer: pre-conceived beliefs of researcher influence outcome (e.g. subconscious, generous data interpretation)

Flashcard 10: recall bias

Answer: knowledge of current presence of disease alters recall regarding historical factors (e.g. recall of early symptoms in a cancer patient)