Imaging/Clinical — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Astigmatism is corrected with _____ lenses

Answer: cylindrical

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 2: The orbital floor is composed of a very thin layer of bone that separates the orbit from the air-filled _____

Answer: maxillary sinus

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/external-examination-of-the-brain?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 3: What complication arises more often in the left testis than the right due to its venous drainage? _____

Answer: Varicocele

Extra:   Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/perineum-and-external-genitalia?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 4: Patients with basilar skull fractures may have _____ ("Battle's Sign")

Answer: retroauricular ecchymosis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 5: _____ is a process in which metaphase chromosomes are stained, ordered, and numbered according to morphology, size, arm-length ratio, and banding pattern

Answer: Karyotyping

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/laboratory-techniques?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: If the rectus abdominis is transected horizontally, the _____ vessels should be ligated bilaterally to prevent bleeding complications

Answer: inferior epigastric

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/abdominal-wall?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 7: An aberrant right subclavian artery presents with hoarseness (due to compression of the _____) and dysphagia (due to compression of the esophagus by a(n) vascular ring)

Answer: left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: A positive anterior drawer sign demonstrates increased _____ of the _____

Answer: anterior gliding

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/anterior-and-medial-thigh-knee?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: In a posterior urethral injury, urine leaks into the _____

Answer: retropubic space

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/musculoskeletal/videos/high-yield-step-1-anatomy?index=43] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: The third most common artery involved in a myocardial infarction is the _____

Answer: left circumflex artery

Extra:  1. Left anterior descending artery (45%): infarction of the anterior wall and anterior septum of the LV 2. Right coronary artery: infarction of the posterior wall, posterior septum, and papillary muscles** of the LV 3. Left circumflex artery: infarction of the lateral wall of the LV **papillary muscle rupture may often cause mitral regurgitation Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/myocardial-infarction?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki  

Flashcard 11: Rickets may present pectus _____ (Pigeon-breast deformity)

Answer: carinatum

Extra:  * Pectus excavatum seen in marfan syndrome (sunken chest) Watch Osteomalacia & Rickets [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-bone-osteomalacia-and-rickets?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 12: In hyperopia (farsightedness), light is focused _____ the retina

Answer: behind

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 13: Lung abscess secondary to aspiration is most commonly found in the _____ lung

Answer: right

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-pathology-fundamentals?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki  

Flashcard 14: Vernet syndrome, which presents with dysfunction of cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11, is due to lesions of the _____

Answer: jugular foramen

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/cranial-nerves/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 15: Duodenal ulcers usually arise in the _____ duodenum

Answer: anterior

Extra:  Watch Acute & Chronic Gastritis & Peptic Ulcer Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-esophageal-and-gastric-disorders-acute-and-chronic-gastritis-and-peptic-ulcer-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/esophageal-and-gastric-pathology?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki  aka first part of duodenum Duodenal ulcer Endoscopic view on the duodenal bulb with villi (left side of the image). The right side of the image shows a duodenal ulcer with an elevated edge (green area) and central, yellow fibrin (green shading). 

Flashcard 16: Radial Head Subluxation impinges the _____ nerve, causing weakness of most of the posterior forearm extensors

Answer: deep radial

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 17: In nearly all patients, an interscalene nerve block also causes transient ipsilateral _____ paralysis

Answer: diaphragmatic

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 18: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome occurs due to compression of the _____ between the SMA and aorta

Answer: 3rd (transverse) part of the duodenum

Extra:   Watch Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-gi/videos/medical-pathophysiology-gi-small-bowel-disorders-small-bowel-obstruction-ileus-and-hernias?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology?ref=anki  following extreme weight loss 

Flashcard 19: What is the most common location for oral squamous cell carcinoma? _____

Answer: Floor of the mouth

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 20: When the _____ arises from the right coronary artery, it is referred to as right-dominant circulation (85%)

Answer: posterior descending artery (PDA)

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/anatomy?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/anatomy-of-the-heart/acquire?ref=anki Netters: 

Flashcard 21: Rhinosinusitis most commonly affects the _____ sinus in children

Answer: ethmoid

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: Basilar skull fractures most often follow traumatic head injuries and commonly involve the petrous segment of the _____ bone

Answer: temporal

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 23: An intervertebral disc herniation at the _____ level will result in: - weakness of plantar flexion (action) - difficulty in toe-walking - decreased achilles (ankle jerk) reflex

Answer: L5-S1

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/radiculopathy?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 24: The _____ extends from the lateral femoral condyle to the anterior tibia

Answer: anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/anterior-and-medial-thigh-knee?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: Does primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) affect intra- or extrahepatic bile ducts? _____

Answer: Both :)

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/cirrhosis/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 26: Guyon canal syndrome is classically seen in _____ due to _____

Answer: cyclists

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/hand?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 27: _____ is caused by dilated veins in the pampiniform plexus due to increased venous pressure

Answer: Varicocele

Extra:   Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 28: The most common site of ulnar nerve entrapment is where the ulnar nerve lies in the _____

Answer: medial epicondylar groove (elbow)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki 

Flashcard 29: Osteophytes present similarly to _____, but are not associated with heavy lifting

Answer: herniated disks (sciatica with and SLR)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/back-pain/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 30: Which side are varicoceles more common on? _____

Answer: Left

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 31: Choledocholithiasis = stones blocking the _____

Answer: CBD

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/gallbladder/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 32: On endoscopy, _____ appear as deep impressions on the posterior aspect of the esophagus at T4

Answer: vascular rings

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 33: Where is the tenderness located in Osgood-Schlatter disease? _____

Answer: Tibial tubercle

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 34: Subgaleal hemorrhage is injury to _____

Answer: emissary veins

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 35: Battle sign and CSF ottorhea is suggestive of a fracture of petrous temporal bone in the _____ cranial fossa

Answer: middle

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 36: _____ syndrome is a benign enlargement of the sella turcica that compresses the pituitary gland

Answer: Empty sella

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 37: Rupture of middle meningeal a. leads to _____

Answer: epidural hematoma

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 38: Rectus abdominis diastasis is a bulge between the rectus muscles due to _____

Answer: linea alba weakening

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 39: Trendelenburg Gait: Left hip drops = _____ sided lesion of superior gluteal nn.

Answer: right

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 40: What regions of the lung are most commonly involved in supine patients with aspiration pneumonia? _____ and _____

Answer: Posterior segments of upper lobe

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 41: _____ is a thin protrusion of esophageal mucosa, most often in the upper esophagus

Answer: Esophageal web

Flashcard 42: Thrombosis most commonly occurs in the _____ of the leg below the knee

Answer: deep veins (DVT)

Flashcard 43: Would you be able to aspirate pleural cavity fluid from the 9th or 10th ICS spaces at the midaxillary line without penetrating other structures?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 44: Acute pyelonephritis affects the _____ of the kidney with relative sparing of glomeruli/vessels

Answer: cortex

Flashcard 45: On a PA chest x-ray of the thorax, the _____ composes most of the right side of the cardiac silhouette

Answer: right atrium

Flashcard 46: Obstruction of the _____ causes symptoms similar to those seen in SVC syndrome, but only on one side of the body

Answer: brachiocephalic vein

Flashcard 47: In portal hypertension, the _____ vein backs up into the esophageal vein, resulting in varices

Answer: left gastric

Flashcard 48: Cavernous sinus syndrome may present with variable _____ due to compression of various CNs

Answer: ophthalmoplegia

Flashcard 49: Tinea cruris affects the _____

Answer: groin

Flashcard 50: _____ tumor (pancoast tumor) is any kind of lung carcinoma that occurs in the apex of the lung

Answer: Superior sulcus

Flashcard 51: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia affects the adrenal glands on _____ side(s) of the body (one or both)

Answer: both

Flashcard 52: Rhinosinusitis most commonly affects the _____ sinus in adults

Answer: maxillary

Flashcard 53: Osteomyelitis in adults arises with open-wound bacteremia that seeds the _____

Answer: epiphysis

Flashcard 54: Tinea pedis affects the _____

Answer: foot

Flashcard 55: Superficial burns involve which layers of the skin?_____

Answer: Epidermis only

Flashcard 56: Familial adenomatous polyposis is pancolonic and always involves the _____

Answer: rectum

Flashcard 57: In a _____ fracture, the compression side is intact, bone fails on tension side

Answer: greenstick (greenstick or torus)

Flashcard 58: Reactivated tuberculosis affects the _____ lobes of the lung

Answer: upper

Flashcard 59: Patients with basilar skull fractures can have _____ leaks from the nose or the ears

Answer: CSF

Flashcard 60: Bronchial carcinoid tumor is _____ located

Answer: peripherally OR centrally

Flashcard 61: Will a laterally directed passage of a needle along either midclavicular line penetrate cardiac tissue?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 62: What is the deepest layer crossed when doing a lumbar puncture? _____

Answer: Arachnoid mater

Flashcard 63: NF1 is associated with bone lesions such as _____.

Answer: sphenoid dysplasia

Flashcard 64: Because the _____ artery is paired with the median nerve at the elbow, supracondylar fractures of the humerus that displace anteromedially may result in a pulseless hand

Answer: brachial

Flashcard 65: To anteriorly aspirate fluid from a patient's pleural cavities without hitting any other organs (spleen, liver, lung), ideally a needle should be injected into the _____ intercostal space

Answer: 7th (number)

Flashcard 66: Enlargement of the heart can cause _____ due to compression of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Answer: hoarseness

Flashcard 67: _____ is a congenital lung malformation that presents as discrete, round, sharply defined and air-filled densities on CXR

Answer: Bronchogenic cyst