Heart development — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The 6th aortic arch forms the _____ artery and _____.

Answer: pulmonary

Flashcard 2: The 4th aortic arch forms the _____ artery.

Answer: adult aortic arch and subclavian

Flashcard 3: aorticopulmonary septum

Answer: neural crest

Flashcard 4: cardiovascular structures

Answer: mesoderm

Flashcard 5: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Answer: truncus arteriosus

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/cyanotic-congenital-heart-disease/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: TAPVR causes a dilated _____ atrium and ventricle

Answer: right

Extra:  Watch Right to Left Shunts [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-congenital-heart-disease-right-to-left-shunts?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/cyanotic-congenital-heart-defects?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki 

Flashcard 7: In the second step of atrial partitioning, the _____ forms in place of the ostium primum

Answer: ostium secundum

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 8: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the smooth part of the left atrium

Answer: primitive pulmonary vein

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 9: A defect in left-right dynein during heart morphogenesis can result in _____

Answer: dextrocardia

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/cytoskeleton/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: Outflow tracts from the heart are formed by migrations of _____ and endocardial cells, which spiral and fuse to form the aorticopulmonary septum

Answer: neural crest

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/cyanotic-congenital-heart-disease/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 11: In the fourth step of atrial partitioning, the septum secundum expands and covers most of the foramen secundum, leaving the residual _____

Answer: foramen ovale

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 12: Failure of the septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth results in a(n) _____

Answer: patent foramen ovale

Extra:  Watch Left to Right Shunts [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-congenital-heart-disease-left-to-right-shunts?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki 

Flashcard 13: In the first step of atrial partitioning, the _____ grows toward the endocardial cushions, forming a narrow ostium primum

Answer: septum primum

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 14: What is the embryonic origin of the endocardial cushion and the aorticopulmonary septum? _____

Answer: Neural crest

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 15: In the first step of ventricular partitioning, the _____ interventricular septum develops and forms the interventricular foramen

Answer: muscular

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 16: In the infantile form, coarctation of the aorta lies _____ the aortic arch, but _____ the PDA

Answer: after

Extra:   Watch Left to Right Shunts [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-congenital-heart-disease-left-to-right-shunts?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/aortic-disease?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 17: The mitral and tricuspid valves are derived from the fused _____ of the common AV canal

Answer: endocardial cushions

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 18: Tetralogy of Fallot is caused by _____ displacement of the infundibular septum

Answer: anterosuperior

Extra:   Watch Right to Left Shunts [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-congenital-heart-disease-right-to-left-shunts?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/cyanotic-congenital-heart-defects?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 19: Most of the highly oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the fetal IVC is directed from the RA to the LA via the _____ and pumped into the aorta to supply the head and body

Answer: foramen ovale

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 20: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the coronary sinus

Answer: left horn of sinus venosus

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 21: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the trabeculated parts of the left and right atria

Answer: primitive atria

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/embryology?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: Once the foramen ovale has closed, it is re-named the _____

Answer: fossa ovalis

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gross-anatomy/videos/heart?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Netters: 

Flashcard 23: Ventricular septal defects usually occur in the _____ portion of the interventricular septum

Answer: membranous

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 24: In the third step of atrial partitioning, the sinus venosus is "pulled" into the developing right atrium, forming the _____

Answer: septum secundum

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/thoracic-systems-respiratory-and-cardiovascular?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: Atrial septal defect may be distinguished from a patent foramen ovale in that the septa are _____ rather than unfused

Answer: missing tissue

Extra:   Watch Left to Right Shunts [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-congenital-heart-disease-left-to-right-shunts?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/acyanotic-congenital-heart-defects?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/congenital-defects/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 26: This is an example of _____

Answer: transposition of the great vessels

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/ct-surgery/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 27: In the second step of atrial partitioning, the _____ forms in place of the ostium primum

Answer: ostium secundum

Flashcard 28: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the AV and semilunar valves

Answer: endocardial cushion

Flashcard 29: In the fourth step of atrial partitioning, the septum secundum expands and covers most of the foramen secundum, leaving the residual _____

Answer: foramen ovale

Flashcard 30: Atrial septal defect may be distinguished from a patent foramen ovale in that the septa are _____ rather than unfused

Answer: missing tissue

Flashcard 31: The embryonic _____ gives rise to the atrial septum and membranous interventricular septum

Answer: endocardial cushion

Flashcard 32: In the third step of atrial partitioning, the sinus venosus is "pulled" into the developing right atrium, forming the _____

Answer: septum secundum

Flashcard 33: The _____ is the first functional organ to develop in vertebrate embryos

Answer: heart

Flashcard 34: The primary heart tube _____ to establish left-right polarity beginning in week 4 of gestation

Answer: loops

Flashcard 35: What is the embryonic origin of the aorticopulmonary septum? _____

Answer: neural crest cells

Flashcard 36: Symptomatic aortic stenosis may present in patients around age 50 with a _____ aortic valve

Answer: bicuspid

Flashcard 37: In the third step of ventricular partioning, growth of _____ separates atria from ventricles

Answer: endocardial cushions

Flashcard 38: D-transposition of great vessels is due to failure of the _____ to spiral

Answer: aorticopulmonary septum

Flashcard 39: Most of the highly oxygenated blood reaching the heart via the fetal IVC is directed from the RA to the LA via the _____ and pumped into the aorta to supply the head and body

Answer: foramen ovale

Flashcard 40: In which week of embryogenesis does the heart begin to beat? _____

Answer: Week 4 (4 weeks = 4 heart chambers)

Flashcard 41: Failure of the septum primum and septum secundum to fuse after birth results in a _____

Answer: patent foramen ovale

Flashcard 42: The remaining portion of the septum primum, following foramen ovale formation, forms the _____

Answer: valve of foramen ovale

Flashcard 43: Ventricular septal defects usually occur in the _____ portion of the interventricular septum

Answer: membranous

Flashcard 44: Shortly after birth, the septum secundum and septum primum fuse to form the _____

Answer: atrial septum

Flashcard 45: Once the foramen ovale has closed, it is re-named the _____

Answer: fossa ovalis

Flashcard 46: Tetralogy of Fallot is caused by _____ displacement of the infundibular septum

Answer: anterosuperior

Flashcard 47: The heart beats spontaneously by week _____ of embryonic development

Answer: 4

Flashcard 48: A defect in left-right dynein during heart morphogenesis can result in _____

Answer: dextrocardia

Flashcard 49: The mitral and tricuspid valves are derived from the fused _____ of the common AV canal

Answer: endocardial cushions