Epithelial/Connective tissues — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: epithelial lining of palantine tonsil

Answer: 2nd pouch

Flashcard 2: epithelial linings of oral cavity

Answer: surface ectoderm

Flashcard 3: epidermis

Answer: surface ectoderm

Flashcard 4: parotid, sweat, and mammary glands

Answer: surface ectoderm

Flashcard 5: connective tissue

Answer: mesoderm

Flashcard 6: Where is elastin found in the human body?

Answer: skin, ligaments, vocal cords, lungs, large arteries

Flashcard 7: Type IV collagen is found in what tissues?

Answer: basement membranes mnemonic: Be So Totally Cool, Read Books

Flashcard 8: Type II collagen is found in what tissues?

Answer: cartilage (also vitreous body, nucleus pulposus) mnemonic: Be So Totally Cool, Read Books

Flashcard 9: Type I collagen is found in what tissues?

Answer: bone, skin, tendon (also dentin, fascia, cornea, scar tissue) mnemonic: Be So Totally Cool, Read Books

Flashcard 10: Which type of collagen is most abundant?

Answer: Type I (90% of all collagen)

Flashcard 11: What is the shared function of all types of collagen?

Answer: organizes and strengthens ECM

Flashcard 12: What kind of intermediate filament is associated with epithelial tissue?

Answer: keratins

Flashcard 13: What kind of intermediate filament is associated with connective tissue?

Answer: vimentin

Flashcard 14: Keratins belong to what class of cytoskeletal element?

Answer: intermediate filaments

Flashcard 15: What type of cytoskeletal element is most associated with microvilli?

Answer: microfilaments (actin and myosin)

Flashcard 16: What type of epithelium lines the small and large intestine? _____

Answer: Simple columnar epithelium

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/gastrointestinal-tract?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Colon 

Flashcard 17: Which epithelial cell junction connects actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells? _____

Answer: Adherens junctions (zonula adherens, belt desmosome)

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/general-principles?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 18: Osteo-blasts differentiate from _____ cells in the periosteum

Answer: mesenchymal stem

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/bone?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 19: _____ glands release the entire contents of their cytoplasm and cell membrane via cell lysis

Answer: Holocrine

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 20: Langerhans cells are specialized _____ cells predominantly found in skin

Answer: dendritic

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/blood-cells?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire?ref=anki Other: 

Flashcard 21: Ganglion cysts arise from _____ of dense connective tissue

Answer: herniation

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 22: Mammary glands are what type of exocrine gland? _____

Answer: Apocrine

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=11] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki  (2) In apocrine secretion, the secretion (e.g. milk lipid droplets) is detached with part of the apical cytoplasm and the cell membrane. As a result, the gland cell becomes smaller. 

Flashcard 23: _____ glands release their watery secretory product via exocytosis

Answer: Merocrine

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-pharmacology/general-principles/acquire?ref=anki  Eccrine sweat glands Photomicrograph of eccrine sweat glands (H&E stain; high magnification) Excretory ducts of eccrine sweat glands can be seen here showing two typical characteristics: - The epithelium (green overlay) is composed of two layers of cuboidal cells with round basophilic nuclei. - The outer layer consists of eosinophilic myoepithelial cells (red circle). Excretory ducts resorb large amounts of sodium and chloride ions from the isotonic primary sweat, which results in the formation of hypotonic sweat. The myoepithelium expels the secretions from the eccrine sweat glands. 

Flashcard 24: Full thickness burns involve which layers of the skin? _____

Answer: Epidermis and whole Dermis

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/additional-dermatologic-disorders?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 25: Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by keratin in anucleate cells? _____

Answer: Stratum corneum

Extra:   Watch Actinic Keratosis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Basal Cell Carcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-derm-actinic-keratosis-squamous-cell-carcinoma-and-basal-cell-carcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: 

Flashcard 26: Which epithelial cell junction connects intermediate filaments of adjacent cells? _____

Answer: Desmosomes (macula adherens, spot desmosome)

Extra:  Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/general-principles?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 27: Mucosa of the vagina is lined by _____ epithelium

Answer: non-keratinized stratified squamous

Extra:   Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=13] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 28: HPV has a predilection for _____ epithelium

Answer: stratified squamous

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 29: In _____ ossification, osteoblasts and osteoclasts replace cartilage with a matrix of woven bone and then remodel to lamellar bone

Answer: endochondral

Extra:  Watch Congenital Bone Disorders Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Achondroplasia & Osteopetrosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-bone-congenital-bone-disorders-osteogenesis-imperfecta-achondroplasia-and-osteopetrosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/bone?index=17] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 30: What type of collagen makes up cartilage? _____

Answer: Type II

Flashcard 31: What type of collagen makes up bone, skin, and tendon? _____

Answer: Type I

Flashcard 32: What proteins (2) are tight junctions composed of?_____

Answer: Claudins and occludins

Flashcard 33: Which epithelial cell junction connects keratin in basal cells to underlying basement membrane? _____

Answer: Hemidesmosomes

Flashcard 34: Epithelial cells are attached to one another via cellular adhesion molecules (ie: _____)

Answer: E-cadherin

Flashcard 35: The intermediate filament Cytokeratin is found in _____ cells

Answer: Epithelial

Flashcard 36: What type of collagen makes up reticulin fibers?_____

Answer: Type III

Flashcard 37: Which epithelial cell junction connects actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells? _____

Answer: Adherens junctions (zonula adherens, belt desmosome)

Flashcard 38: HPV has a predilection for _____ epithelium

Answer: stratified squamous

Flashcard 39: _____ glands release the entire contents of their cytoplasm and cell membrane via cell lysis

Answer: Holocrine

Flashcard 40: Which epithelial cell junction connects intermediate filaments of adjacent cells? _____

Answer: Desmosomes (macula adherens, spot desmosome)

Flashcard 41: Where are plasma cells typically found?_____

Answer: Bone marrow

Flashcard 42: What type of collagen makes up the basement membrane?_____

Answer: Type IV

Flashcard 43: What type of collagen is the most common (90%)? _____

Answer: Type I

Flashcard 44: Sebaceous glands and meibomian glands are what type of exocrine gland?_____

Answer: Holocrine

Flashcard 45: The Mesenchyme gives rise to most _____

Answer: connective tissue

Flashcard 46: Where in the cell does the synthesis and formation of tropocollagen and collagen fibrils occur? _____

Answer: Extracellular space

Flashcard 47: Melanocytes are responsible for skin pigmentation and are present in the _____ layer of the epidermis

Answer: basal

Flashcard 48: _____ is a stretchy protein within skin, lungs, large arteries, elastic ligaments, vocal cords, and ligamentum flava

Answer: Elastin

Flashcard 49: Which layer of the epidermis is characterized by keratin in anucleate cells? _____

Answer: Stratum corneum

Flashcard 50: _____ glands release their watery secretory product via exocytosis

Answer: Merocrine