Pregnancy Medicine — Flashcards
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PPH is defined as blood loss of _____ from the genital tract within 24hrs after delivery of the baby
Hint: amount
The correct position for women who have a cord prolpase is _____
What is should be administered as early as possible in PPH to reduce the risk of death _____
Placental abruptions are acute obstetric _____ and needs to be dealth with immediately
Damage to tubes such as _____ are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy
Oxytocin is also known as _____
Fetal heart rate is usually _____ in placenta praevia
The uterus is _____ in placental abruption
Placenta _____ increases the risk of postpartum haemorrhage
If a woman with know placenta praevia goes into labour an _____ should be performed
Pregnancy Medicine UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Pregnancy Medicine with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Pregnancy Medicine Flashcard Deck - 130 Cards
Flashcard 1: PPH is defined as blood loss of _____ from the genital tract within 24hrs after delivery of the baby
Answer: >500ml
Flashcard 2: The correct position for women who have a cord prolpase is _____
Answer: on all fours, on knees and elbows
Flashcard 3: What is should be administered as early as possible in PPH to reduce the risk of death _____
Answer: tranexamic acid
Flashcard 4: Placental abruptions are acute obstetric _____ and needs to be dealth with immediately
Answer: emergencies
Flashcard 5: Damage to tubes such as _____ are risk factors for ectopic pregnancy
Answer: PID & surgery
Flashcard 6: Oxytocin is also known as _____
Answer: Syntocinon
Flashcard 7: Fetal heart rate is usually _____ in placenta praevia
Answer: normal
Flashcard 8: The uterus is _____ in placental abruption
Answer: tender & tense
Flashcard 9: Placenta _____ increases the risk of postpartum haemorrhage
Answer: accreta
Flashcard 10: If a woman with know placenta praevia goes into labour an _____ should be performed
Answer: emergency caesarean
Flashcard 11: Maternal trauma, increasing maternal age, multiparity are associated with _____ risk of placental abruption
Answer: increased
Flashcard 12: Management of placental abruption when the fetus is alive, <36 weeks and not showing signs of distress is to admit and administer _____
Answer: steroids
Flashcard 13: The risk factors for placental abruption can be remembered with the mnemonic ABRUPTION: _____ Blood Pressure Ruptured Membranes Uterine Injury Polyhydroamnios Twins/multiple gestation Infection in the Uterus Older Age Narcotic Use (cocaine & adderall & smoking)
Answer: Abruption
Flashcard 14: What syndrome can develop as a complication of severe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) _____
Answer: Sheehan's syndrome
Flashcard 15: _____ with 500-700ml of saline may be helpful in umbilical cord prolpase
Answer: Retrofilling the bladder
Flashcard 16: Tocolytics such as _____ may be useful in umbilical cord prolpase to reduce uterine contractions
Answer: Terbutaline
Flashcard 17: The uterus is described as _____
Answer: enlarged & boggy
Flashcard 18: Following IV oxytocin what is the second step in pharmacological managment of PPH _____
Answer: ergometrine IV
Flashcard 19: Following an ABC approach, initial steps to manage a postpartum haemorrhage include _____ and catherising patient
Answer: palpating the uterine fundus
Flashcard 20: Elective delivery should be offered between _____ weeks of gestation for women with a major placenta praevia to reduce the risk of emergency caesarean section due to bleeding
Answer: 36+0 and 37+6
Flashcard 21: _____ is a risk factor for placenta praevia
Answer: IVF
Flashcard 22: _____ is usually absent in patients with placenta praevia
Answer: Pain
Flashcard 23: Artificial rupture of membranes is also called _____ and 50% of cord prolpases occurs after this
Answer: Artifical Amniotomy
Flashcard 24: A patient presents with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy and is haemodynamically unstable, how are they managed _____
Answer: emergy laparotomy
Flashcard 25: The bleeding associated with placenta praevia is usually _____ wheras in placental abruption it is usually dark red
Answer: bright red
Flashcard 26: The uterus is usually _____ in placenta praevia
Answer: not tender
Flashcard 27: Pregnancy related blood pressure problems do not occur before _____
Answer: 20 weeks
Flashcard 28: A pregnant woman with blood pressure >160/110 mmHg are likely to be _____
Answer: admitted and observed
Flashcard 29: All women admitted with Hyperemesis Gravidarum - should recieve _____ to reduce the risk of Wernicke's encephalopathy
Answer: IV thiamine
Flashcard 30: Consequences of Pre-eclampsia include: _____ pulmonary oedema
Answer: Intra-cerebral, intra-abdominal, placental abruption
Flashcard 31: Hyperemesis Gravidarum diagnostic criteria triad is: _____ AND dehydration AND electrolyte imbalance
Answer: 5% pre-pregnancy weight loss
Flashcard 32: Gestational Hypertension is new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks of gestation without any _____
Answer: proteinuria or other systemic features
Flashcard 33: _____ should also be considered if birth is planned within 24 hours, or if there is concern that a woman may develop eclampsia
Answer: IV magnesium suphate
Flashcard 34: Women who have been admitted with hyperemesis gravidarum are generally given _____
Answer: IV normal saline with added potassium
Flashcard 35: _____ are first-line in the management of nausea & vomiting in pregnancy/hyperemesis gravidarum
Answer: Anithistamines (cyclizine/promethazine
Flashcard 36: Arrange _____ for any woman in whom pre-eclampsia is suspected
Answer: emergency secondary care assessment
Flashcard 37: _____ or Hydatidiform mole is a risk factor for hyperemesis gravidarum
Answer: Molar pregnancy
Flashcard 38: Patient with hyperemesis gravidarum who develop diplopia and ataxia is suggestive of _____ and therefore supplementation of Pabrinex (Thiamine, B&C)
Answer: Wernicke's encephalopathy
Flashcard 39: _____ is a risk factor for Hyperemesis Gravidarum due to the increased levels of hCG
Answer: Carrying Twins
Flashcard 40: Prophylactic Aspirin is only used if a patient was _____ with pre-eclampsia
Answer: diagnosed
Flashcard 41: A woman at _____ of pre-eclampsia should take aspirin 75-150mg daily from 12 weeks of gestation until birth
Answer: moderate or high risk
Flashcard 42: _____ is a crucial neurological sign that may precede eclamptic seizures in pre-eclampsia
Answer: Hyperreflexia
Flashcard 43: A pregnant patient is at _____ risk of DVT
Answer: ↑
Flashcard 44: What is the pharmacological management of pre-existing hypertension in pregnancy? 1st line - _____ 2nd line - nifedipine 3rd line - methyldopa
Answer: labetalol
Flashcard 45: What is the management if a woman with placenta praevia starts labour? _____
Answer: Urgent C-section
Flashcard 46: Grade 1 of placenta praevia means _____
Answer: the placenta does not cover the internal cervical os but is low lying
Flashcard 47: Placental praevia can present with _____ in proportion with visible blood loss
Answer: shock
Flashcard 48: Grade 2 of placenta praevia means _____
Answer: the lower edge of the placenta reaches the internal cervical os
Flashcard 49: What is the management for placenta praevia if they are bleeding? _____
Answer: ABCDE approach to stabilise, haemodynamic support, C-section if unstable or term has reached
Flashcard 50: _____ can present with shock out of proportion with visible blood loss Placental praevia can present with shock in proportion with visible blood loss
Answer: Placental abruption
Flashcard 51: Placenta praevia incidence is ~_____%
Answer: 0.5
Flashcard 52: Placenta praevia can be incidentally found during the _____
Answer: 20 week abdominal ultrasound
Flashcard 53: Sexual intercourse advice for placenta praevia? _____
Answer: Can continue unless the patient haemorrhages
Flashcard 54: _____ is a condition where the placenta is abnormally implanted in the lower part of the uterus, close to or covering the cervix
Answer: Placenta praevia
Flashcard 55: What investigation should be avoided with placenta praevia? _____
Answer: Avoid vaginal examination before an US because it can cause haemorrhage
Flashcard 56: Grade 4 of placenta praevia means _____
Answer: the placenta lies over the internal cervical os
Flashcard 57: Placenta praevia risk factors are _____, previous C-section, and maternal age
Answer: multiple gestation
Flashcard 58: Grade 3 of placenta praevia means _____
Answer: the lower edge of the placenta partially covers the internal cervical os
Flashcard 59: What is the diagnostic investigation for placenta praevia? _____
Answer: Transvaginal ultrasound
Flashcard 60: _____ can present as painless third trimester bleeding
Answer: Placenta praevia
Flashcard 61: How is umbilical cord prolapse typically diagnosed? _____
Answer: Physical palpation with a vaginal exam
Flashcard 62: _____ investigations for thromboembolism are not useful in pregnancy because it is often raised ↑
Answer: D-dimer
Flashcard 63: Use of _____ can cause placental abruption
Answer: cocaine
Flashcard 64: What is the management of umbilical cord prolapse? _____
Answer: Emergency C-section
Flashcard 65: In placental abruption, rhesus-D negative women require _____, the dose of which is determined using the Kleihauer test to quantify how much blood is mixed
Answer: anti-D prophylaxis
Flashcard 66: How is placental abruption investigated? _____
Answer: CTG to monitor fetal distress Ultrasound can rule out placenta praevia, but it is not good at diagnosing abruption
Flashcard 67: PE in pregnancy: CTPA ↑ risk of _____ cancer V/Q scanning theoretical ↑ risk of childhood cancer
Answer: maternal breast
Flashcard 68: The management of placental abruption if ≥ 36 weeks and no fetal compromise? _____
Answer: Induce vaginal delivery (if cervix is favourable)
Flashcard 69: What does expectant management for ectopic pregnancy involve (no fetal heartbeat & < 35mm)? _____
Answer: Closely monitoring patients over 48 hours and if β-hCG rises again or symptoms manifest, then intervention is performed
Flashcard 70: The management of placental abruption in fetal compromise? _____
Answer: Category 1 C-section (within 30 minutes)
Flashcard 71: _____ is an obstetric emergency where the umbilical cord descends below the presenting part of the fetus leading cord compression & fetal hypoxia
Answer: Umbilical cord prolapse
Flashcard 72: Placental abruption can present with _____ out of proportion with visible blood loss
Answer: shock
Flashcard 73: The primary cause of umbilical prolapse is _____
Answer: rupture membranes
Flashcard 74: Placental abruption typically presents with abrupt, painful third trimester _____
Answer: bleeding
Flashcard 75: The management of placental abruption if the fetus is demised? _____
Answer: Induction of labour (preferred); C-section if necessary
Flashcard 76: Abrupt fetal decelerations or bradycardia following rupture of membranes are indicative of _____
Answer: umbilical cord prolapse
Flashcard 77: Causes of _____ (e.g. cocaine, smoking, and preeclampsia) all increase the risk for placental abruption
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 78: Placental abruption accounts for ~_____% of perinatal deaths
Answer: 7
Flashcard 79: The management of placental abruption if < 37 weeks and no fetal compromise? _____
Answer: Monitor and senior decision
Flashcard 80: Placental abruption can present with _____ or revealed abruption
Answer: concealed
Flashcard 81: The diagnostic investigations for pregnant patients with pulmonary embolism are _____ or V/Q scanning
Answer: CTPA
Flashcard 82: _____ is the premature separation of normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall before delivery, leading to maternal haemorrhage & fetal compromise
Answer: Placental abruption
Flashcard 83: What is the investigation for pregnant patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT)? _____
Answer: Duplex ultrasound
Flashcard 84: What does medical management for ectopic pregnancy involve? _____, provided that the patient is able to return for follow-up
Answer: Methotrexate
Flashcard 85: The first-line pharmacological approach of postpartum haemorrhage is _____
Answer: IV oxytocin
Flashcard 86: What are the main causes of postpartum haemorrhage? _____
Answer: Tone (uterine atony) Trauma (perineal tear) Tissue (retained placenta) Thrombin (clotting/bleeding disorder)
Flashcard 87: Pre-eclampsia is diagnosed with new-onset BP ≥ _____/90 mmHg after 20 weeks of pregnancy AND proteinuria or other ogan involvement
Answer: 140
Flashcard 88: AVOID palpating a suspicious pelvic mass in suspected ectopic pregnancy to prevent increasing the risk of _____
Answer: rupture
Flashcard 89: Severe pre-eclampsia typically has a BP of ≥ _____/110 mmHg
Answer: 160
Flashcard 90: What is the definitive management of pre-eclampsia? _____
Answer: Delivery of pregnancy
Flashcard 91: _____ is pre-eclampsia with one or more seizures
Answer: Eclampsia
Flashcard 92: Ectopic pregnancy classically presents with _____, amenorrhoea, and vaginal bleeding
Answer: lower abdominal pain
Flashcard 93: What investigations are used to monitor pre-eclampsia? _____
Answer: Urine dipstick and blood pressure
Flashcard 94: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is blood loss > _____ml within 24 hours of birth
Answer: 500
Flashcard 95: Pre-eclampsia consequences include fetal _____
Answer: growth retardation
Flashcard 96: The ABCDE approach of postpartum haemorrhage includes commencing _____ infusion + blood products
Answer: warmed crystalloid
Flashcard 97: What is the second-pharmacological management of pre-eclampsia? _____
Answer: Nifedipine
Flashcard 98: Pre-eclampsia presents with the classical triad of _____, proteinuria, and oedema
Answer: new hypertension
Flashcard 99: What form of fertility is a risk factor for ectopic pregnancy? _____
Answer: IVF
Flashcard 100: _____ = new hypertension presenting after 20 weeks gestation with significant proteinuria or other end-organ dysfunction
Answer: Pre-eclampsia
Flashcard 101: What is the first-line pharmacological management of pre-eclampsia? _____
Answer: Labetalol
Flashcard 102: What is the life-saving, final procedure for postpartum haemorrhage if other options are exhausted? _____
Answer: Hysterectomy
Flashcard 103: Pre-eclampsia consequences include _____
Answer: elevated transaminases
Flashcard 104: The ABCDE approach of postpartum haemorrhage includes _____ for bloods
Answer: group and save
Flashcard 105: Pre-eclampsia consequences include _____
Answer: placental abruption
Flashcard 106: The ABCDE approach of postpartum haemorrhage includes positioning the patient _____
Answer: lying supine and flat
Flashcard 107: An _____ is the implantation of a fertilised ovum outside the uterine cavity
Answer: ectopic pregnancy
Flashcard 108: A pregnant patient 38 weeks gestation who has asthma starts to get a headache and visual disturbances. On urine dipstick there is protein ++ and BP is 158/96 mmHg. What is the management? _____
Answer: Pharmacological management = nifedipine Definitive management = induce labour
Flashcard 109: The ABCDE approach of postpartum haemorrhage includes accessing _____ cannulae
Answer: two 14-16 G
Flashcard 110: What is the MOST common cause of postpartum haemorrhage? _____
Answer: Tone → uterine atony
Flashcard 111: If there is pregnancy of unknown location, then a β-hCG of > _____ IU/litre supports diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
Answer: 1,500
Flashcard 112: "Morning sickness" is now called _____
Answer: Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP)
Flashcard 113: During pregnancy, blood pressure typically _____ during first & second trimesters of pregnancy
Answer: decreases
Flashcard 114: Advise pregnant woman BMI >30 to take _____ of folic acid OD starting at least one month before conception and until the end of the first trimester
Answer: 5mg
Flashcard 115: Pregnant women at high risk of pre-eclampsia should take _____ aspirin from 12 weeks gestation until birth
Answer: 75mg OD
Flashcard 116: Hypertension in pregnancy is > _____ mmHg systolic & > 90 mmHg diastolic
Answer: 140
Flashcard 117: Obesity in pregnancy is a BMI ≥ _____ kg/m2 at the first antenatal visit
Answer: 30
Flashcard 118: HELLP syndrome is a severe variant of _____
Answer: pre-eclampsia
Flashcard 119: Obesity during pregnancy can increase risks; _____, gestational diabetes & hypertension, VTE risk, macrosomia etc
Answer: miscarraige
Flashcard 120: All obese women should be screened for gestational diabetes with an _____ at 24-28 weeks
Answer: oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
Flashcard 121: _____ hypertension = new-onset hypertension presenting after 20 weeks of gestation without significant proteinuria or other features of pre-eclampsia Pre-eclampsia = new-onset hypertension presenting after 20 weeks of gestation with significant proteinuria or other end-organ dysfunction
Answer: Gestational
Flashcard 122: Hyperemesis gravidarum usually begins at ~_____ weeks, peaks at 12 weeks and resolves by 20 weeks
Answer: 6
Flashcard 123: What is the extreme form of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy? _____
Answer: Hyperemesis gravidarum
Flashcard 124: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is linked to ↑ _____
Answer: β-hCG levels
Flashcard 125: _____ is associated with a lower ↓ risk of hyperemesis gravidarum
Answer: Smoking
Flashcard 126: HELLP syndrome is characterised by _____, Elevated Liver Enzymes, and Low Platelets
Answer: Haemolysis
Flashcard 127: Chronic hypertension in pregnancy is pre-existing hypertension diagnosed before _____ gestation
Answer: 20 weeks'
Flashcard 128: Hyperemesis gravidarum presents with a pre-pregnancy weight change of at least _____
Answer: 5% loss
Flashcard 129: Increase energy intake in pregnancy by 200 calories ONLY in the last _____
Answer: 3 months
Flashcard 130: Advise & encourage an obese woman planning for pregnancy to reduce weight by _____% as it would have significant health benefits
Answer: 5-10
Keywords: Pregnancy Medicine flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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