Common Mental Disorders — Flashcards
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Naltrexone is a(n) _____ antagonist
Varenicline & bupropion takes a couple months and patients should stop smoking _____-2 weeks after starting
Alcohol is a _____
Hint: depressant/stimulant
Most likely diagnosis in a patient with track marks presenting with N&V, diarrhoea, myalgia, pilorection ("goosebumps"), mydriasis & yawning? Basic observations show tachycardia and hypertension. _____
Hint: ?diagnosis
What is the general management of opioid dependence? _____
_____ is used after patients have completed opioid withdrawal and want to abstain from opioid use
Hint: drug
What is the pharmacological management for opioid withdrawal? _____ or buprenorphine
Most likely diagnosis in a patient with irritability, anxiety, restlessness, & weight gain after stopping smoking? _____
Hint: ?diagnosis
NRT for smoking cessation is used best by _____
Tobacco _____ alertness, ↓ appetite, ↓ stress, & anxiety
Hint: ↓/↑
Common Mental Disorders UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Common Mental Disorders with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Common Mental Disorders Flashcard Deck - 107 Cards
Flashcard 1: Naltrexone is a(n) _____ antagonist
Answer: μ-opioid
Flashcard 2: Varenicline & bupropion takes a couple months and patients should stop smoking _____-2 weeks after starting
Answer: 1
Flashcard 3: Alcohol is a _____
Answer: depressant
Flashcard 4: Most likely diagnosis in a patient with track marks presenting with N&V, diarrhoea, myalgia, pilorection ("goosebumps"), mydriasis & yawning? Basic observations show tachycardia and hypertension. _____
Answer: Opioid withdrawal
Flashcard 5: What is the general management of opioid dependence? _____
Answer: Refer to drug services
Flashcard 6: _____ is used after patients have completed opioid withdrawal and want to abstain from opioid use
Answer: Naltrexone
Flashcard 7: What is the pharmacological management for opioid withdrawal? _____ or buprenorphine
Answer: Methadone
Flashcard 8: Most likely diagnosis in a patient with irritability, anxiety, restlessness, & weight gain after stopping smoking? _____
Answer: Nicotine withdrawal
Flashcard 9: NRT for smoking cessation is used best by _____
Answer: combining the patch with a short-acting preparation (nicotine lozenge, gum, inhalator, nasal spray etc)
Flashcard 10: Tobacco _____ alertness, ↓ appetite, ↓ stress, & anxiety
Answer: ↑
Flashcard 11: What is the pharmacological management of smoking cessation to reduce cravings? _____ or varenicline, or bupropion
Answer: Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)
Flashcard 12: e-cigarettes _____ licensed for smoking cessation
Answer: are NOT
Flashcard 13: Opioid withdrawal presents with pupillary _____
Answer: dilation
Flashcard 14: Which symptoms of alcohol withdrawal occur during the 6 - 12 hour time period? _____
Answer: Non-specific: insomnia, tremors, anxiety, & agitation
Flashcard 15: _____ questions can be used as an alternative to screen for alcohol use disorder, but the AUDIT questionnaire is the recommended
Answer: CAGE
Flashcard 16: What is the management for alcohol withdrawal in slow metabolism (liver failure)? _____
Answer: Lorazepam
Flashcard 17: _____ in SUD presents as failure to fulfill major obligations (work, family, community), interpersonal problems, & reduced activities
Answer: Social impairment
Flashcard 18: Substance use can be investigated with a _____ test
Answer: urine drug
Flashcard 19: What is the management for alcohol use disorder? _____
Answer: - Psychosocial support - Consider specialist referral
Flashcard 20: Non-specific symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, such as anxiety, insomnia, & tremors, typically occur after _____ - 12 hours
Answer: 6
Flashcard 21: _____ in SUD present as tolerance & withdrawal symptoms
Answer: Pharmacological effects
Flashcard 22: _____ is a chronic condition where individuals have uncontrolled substance use despite adverse consequences
Answer: Substance use disorder (SUD)
Flashcard 23: _____ is prolonged regular use of opioids that can develop within days to weeks
Answer: Opioid dependence
Flashcard 24: Which symptoms of alcohol withdrawal occur during the 8 - 48 hour time period? _____
Answer: Withdrawal seizures
Flashcard 25: What pharmacological management is given to alcohol users for maintenance of abstinence? _____
Answer: Acomprosate (reduces cravings)
Flashcard 26: Opioid dependence can occur from illicit drugs (e.g. _____) or prescribed drugs (e.g. oxycodone, morphine, tramadol, codeine)
Answer: heroin, fentanyl
Flashcard 27: What is the general management of substance use disorder? 1. _____ 2. Pharmacological management for intoxication, withdrawal, & relapse
Answer: Individual/group therapy
Flashcard 28: Screen patients for alcohol use with the _____ questionnaire
Answer: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
Flashcard 29: What is the prognosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)? _____
Answer: 22.4% will progress to dementia within 3 years :(
Flashcard 30: _____ / presenilin-2 mutations lead to Alzheimer disease (early onset) Apo-E4 mutations lead to Alzheimer disease (late onset)
Answer: Presenilin-1
Flashcard 31: Vascular dementia is diagnosed clinically; thorough history, _____, MRI, and exclusion of other causes
Answer: cognitive impairment assessment
Flashcard 32: What is the second-line pharmacological management of Alzheimer's? _____
Answer: NMDA receptor antagonists (memantine)
Flashcard 33: Which area of the brain is particularly sensitive to damage in Alzheimer disease? _____
Answer: Hippocampus
Flashcard 34: Dementia initially presents with worse _____-term memory loss
Answer: short
Flashcard 35: _____ is characterised by cognitive decline that does not warrant a dementia diagnosis
Answer: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
Flashcard 36: All patients with cognitive impairment must be evaluated for _____, as these are treatable and reversible conditions
Answer: hypothyroidism and depression
Flashcard 37: Pseudodementia refers to cognitive impairment that is secondary to _____
Answer: major depressive disorder
Flashcard 38: Drug treatment for dementia should only be started in patients with an MMSE of _____
Answer: >12
Flashcard 39: The first sign of dementia is often _____
Answer: memory impairment
Flashcard 40: What is an initial investigation of dementia to help exclude other causes? _____
Answer: Blood screen
Flashcard 41: Dementia is not typically one singular type, but often _____
Answer: a combination (e.g. Alzeheimer's with vascular dementia)
Flashcard 42: What is the most likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with acute symptoms of major depression, cognitive deficits, and a score of 25 on mini-mental status exam? _____
Answer: Pseudodementia; treat with SSRI
Flashcard 43: Dementia is more common in _____
Answer: females
Flashcard 44: A mini-mental state exam (MMSE) score of < _____ suggests dementia
Answer: 25
Flashcard 45: The location, type and severity of symptoms in somatisation _____ change over time typically
Answer: do
Flashcard 46: What is the management of somatisation? _____
Answer: CBT
Flashcard 47: Managment of somatisation is aimed at treating _____ symptoms
Answer: cognitive
Flashcard 48: A diagnosis of somatisation involves a set of unexplained physical symptoms for at least _____
Answer: 6 months
Flashcard 49: Somatisation often leads to _____ symptoms as well as somatic symptoms
Answer: cognitive
Flashcard 50: What is the mechanism of action for Z-drugs? _____
Answer: GABA agonist
Flashcard 51: What is the main indication for Z-drugs (Zopiclone, Zolpidem)? _____
Answer: Short-term insomnia
Flashcard 52: Which personality disorder is characterised by preoccupation with details, cleanliness, order & control over all aspects of life? _____
Answer: Obsessive-compulsive (cluster C)
Flashcard 53: What cluster of personality disorder is Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder? _____
Answer: C
Flashcard 54: Are patients with avoidant personality disorder content with social isolation? _____
Answer: No, they crave social contact
Flashcard 55: How does OCD differ from obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)? _____
Answer: OCPD patients are ego-syntonic = they are unaware their behaviour is problematic
Flashcard 56: DSM-IV criteria for depression 1. _____ most of the day, nearly every day 2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day 3. Significant unintentional weight loss/gain, or decrease/increase in appetite nearly every day 4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day 5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day 9. Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, or suicide attempts
Answer: Depressed mood
Flashcard 57: _____ is a psychiatric disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviours such as vomiting, laxative misuse, or excessive exercise to prevent weight gain
Answer: Bulimia nervosa
Flashcard 58: What is the first-line management of OCD? _____
Answer: CBT; including exposure & response prevention (ERP)
Flashcard 59: Diagnosis of OCD often involves _____
Answer: screening & exclusion of other conditions
Flashcard 60: What are the features of PTSD? (4 - name as many as you can) _____
Answer: TRAUMMA Traumatic event → Re-experiencing (flashbacks, nightmares) Avoidance (avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event) Unable to function More than a Month in duration Arousal is increased (hypervigilance, violent outbursts)
Flashcard 61: What is the management for severe functional impairment OCD? _____
Answer: Combined SSRI and CBT including ERP
Flashcard 62: _____ is characterised by excessive and persistent worry about various aspects of daily life for ≥ 6 months
Answer: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Flashcard 63: Insomnia can present with daytime dysfunction such as _____, cognitive impairment, & mood disturbance
Answer: fatigue
Flashcard 64: What is the first-line management for bulimia nervosa in adults? _____
Answer: Bulimia-nervosa-focused guided self-help
Flashcard 65: General measures for mild to moderate depression include: - _____ - Active monitoring for people who do want an intervention
Answer: Sleep hygiene
Flashcard 66: Anorexia nervosa affects ~95% _____
Answer: females
Flashcard 67: Long-term insomnia management? _____
Answer: CBT-I
Flashcard 68: Should SSRIs be prescribed for mild to moderate depression? _____
Answer: Not routinely, consider them
Flashcard 69: In GAD, _____ of the following symptoms are present most of the time (6): Worry WARTS Wound up (irritability) Worn out (fatigue) Absentmindedness (poor concentration) Restlessness Tension in muscles Sleep disturbance
Answer: 3
Flashcard 70: What is the management of GAD that does not resolve after education & active monitoring? _____
Answer: low-intensity psychological intervention
Flashcard 71: _____ is essential for patients with insomnia
Answer: Sleep hygiene
Flashcard 72: _____ sign is a physical exam finding associated with bulimia/anorexia nervosa that is described as dorsal calluses on the knuckles
Answer: Russell's
Flashcard 73: What is the first-line management of PTSD? _____ or EMDR (eye movement desensitisation & reprocessing)
Answer: Trauma-focused CBT
Flashcard 74: Symptoms of acute stress disorder is similar to _____
Answer: PTSD = RAHE (re-experiencing, avoidance, hypervigilance, & emotional detachment)
Flashcard 75: Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is with the _____ criteria
Answer: DSM-5
Flashcard 76: Under normal conditions an individual typically falls asleep in < _____
Answer: 20 minutes
Flashcard 77: What is the first & second-line pharmacological mangement of GAD? _____
Answer: 1st = SSRI 2nd = SNRI 3rd = pregabalin considered
Flashcard 78: DSM-V criteria for depression _____ depression = 5 required symptoms or more + between mild to severe functional impairment
Answer: Moderate
Flashcard 79: What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for bulimia nervosa? _____
Answer: SSRI (specifically fluoxetine)
Flashcard 80: What type of psychotherapy is used in OCD? _____
Answer: Exposure & response prevention (ERP)
Flashcard 81: PTSD tends to develop within _____ of experiencing a major traumatic event, but symptoms can emerge months or even years later
Answer: one month
Flashcard 82: What is the first-line management for bulimia nervosa in children? _____
Answer: Bulimia-nervosa-focused family therapy
Flashcard 83: What is the recommended management of insomnia (if sleep hygiene guidance fails)? _____
Answer: CBT for insomnia (CBT-I)
Flashcard 84: DSM-IV criteria for depression _____ depression = 5 required symptoms or more + minimal functional impairment
Answer: Mild
Flashcard 85: If guided self-help for bulimia nervosa has not worked after _____, then offer eating-disorder-focused CBT
Answer: 4 weeks
Flashcard 86: _____ in OCD are intrusive, involuntary, and unwanted thoughts, urges, or images
Answer: Obsession
Flashcard 87: _____ in OCD are repetitive behaviours (e.g. handwashing) or mental acts (e.g. counting) that an individual feels drive to perform in response to an obsession
Answer: Compulsions
Flashcard 88: _____ is a sleep disorder characterised by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, early waking, or experiencing non-restorative sleep that leads to daytime dysfunction
Answer: Insomnia
Flashcard 89: Hypnotic medication / Z drugs (e.g. zopiclone) should be avoided in _____
Answer: > 65
Flashcard 90: DSM-V criteria for depression The patient must be experiencing _____ or more symptoms during the same 2-week period and at least one of the symptoms should be either 1 or 2
Answer: 5
Flashcard 91: Short-term insomnia = < _____ Long-term insomnia = ≥ 3 months
Answer: 3 months
Flashcard 92: What is a distinguisher between anorexia & bulimia? _____
Answer: BMI, normal in bulimia & <18.5 in anorexia
Flashcard 93: DSM-V criteria for depression _____ depression = Most symptoms + marked interference with functioning
Answer: Severe
Flashcard 94: Short-term insomnia can be managed pharmacologically with _____
Answer: short course of Z-drugs
Flashcard 95: What is the management for moderate functional impairment OCD? _____
Answer: SSRI (or more intensive CBT including ERP)
Flashcard 96: Short-term insomnia is often precipitated by _____
Answer: stressful events
Flashcard 97: GAD is initially managed with _____
Answer: education + active monitoring
Flashcard 98: What is the management of GAD with inadequate response to low-intensity psychological intervention? _____
Answer: High-intensity psychological interventions (CBT) or pharmacological management
Flashcard 99: Chronic insomnia is complex but is often occurs with _____
Answer: medical comorbidities (mood & anxiety disorders)
Flashcard 100: What is the pharmacological management of PTSD? _____ or SSRI
Answer: Venlafaxine (SNRI)
Flashcard 101: What is the management of subthreshold symptoms of PTSD? _____
Answer: Active monitoring & follow-up within 1 month
Flashcard 102: What is the management of acute stress disorder? _____
Answer: Trauma-focused CBT
Flashcard 103: What is the first-line management of mild to moderate depression after general measures? _____
Answer: Low-intensity psychosocial interventions
Flashcard 104: Generalised anxiety disorder is diagnosed when symptoms occur for ≥ _____
Answer: 6 months
Flashcard 105: What is the first-line management of anorexia nervosa for children? _____
Answer: Anorexia-nervosa-focused family therapy
Flashcard 106: _____ is a chronic psychiatric condition characterised by intrusive, distressing thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviours or mental acts (compulsions) that the person feels driven to perform, significantly impairing daily functioning
Answer: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Flashcard 107: _____ is an acute stress reaction that develops within the first 4 weeks following exposure to a traumatic event
Answer: Acute stress disorder
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