Chronic Paediatric Conditions — Flashcards
On this page
Children with Down's Syndrome are prone to _____
Hint: sleep related
Down's Syndrome is suggested by _____ hCG, increased nuchal thickness, decreased PAPPA
_____ instability in people with Down syndrome who participate in sports that may carry an increased risk of neck disclocation
What investigation will confirm a diagnosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? _____
In ASD the oxygenated blood in the LA mixes with the _____ resulting in intermediate levels of oxygenation from the RA onwards
Ostium Secundum is asssociated with _____ with features of tri-phalangeal thumbs
ASDs can present with a splitting of _____
_____ may be used in children with no aortic valve calcification
Williams Syndrome causes _____ as loss of elastin causes narrowing of ascending aorta
In VSD the oxygenated blood in the LV mixes with the _____ resulting in intermediate levels of oxygenation from the RV onwards
Chronic Paediatric Conditions UK Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Chronic Paediatric Conditions with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Chronic Paediatric Conditions Flashcard Deck - 82 Cards
Flashcard 1: Children with Down's Syndrome are prone to _____
Answer: snoring
Flashcard 2: Down's Syndrome is suggested by _____ hCG, increased nuchal thickness, decreased PAPPA
Answer: increased
Flashcard 3: _____ instability in people with Down syndrome who participate in sports that may carry an increased risk of neck disclocation
Answer: Atlanto-axial
Flashcard 4: What investigation will confirm a diagnosis in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? _____
Answer: Genetic Analysis
Flashcard 5: In ASD the oxygenated blood in the LA mixes with the _____ resulting in intermediate levels of oxygenation from the RA onwards
Answer: deoxygenated blood in the RA
Flashcard 6: Ostium Secundum is asssociated with _____ with features of tri-phalangeal thumbs
Answer: Holt-Oram Syndrome
Flashcard 7: ASDs can present with a splitting of _____
Answer: S2
Flashcard 8: _____ may be used in children with no aortic valve calcification
Answer: Balloon Valvuloplasty
Flashcard 9: Williams Syndrome causes _____ as loss of elastin causes narrowing of ascending aorta
Answer: supravalvular aortic stenosis
Flashcard 10: In VSD the oxygenated blood in the LV mixes with the _____ resulting in intermediate levels of oxygenation from the RV onwards
Answer: deoxygenated blood in the RV
Flashcard 11: ASDs carry a significant mortality with _____
Answer: 50% of patients being dead at 50
Flashcard 12: There are two types of recongised ASDs known as _____
Answer: ostium secundum & ostium primum
Flashcard 13: VSD with Eisenmenger's causes mixed oxygenated blood in the _____
Answer: Left Ventricle and Aorta
Flashcard 14: Ostium Primum is associated with abnormal _____
Answer: AV valves
Flashcard 15: ASDs can cause a stroke as _____
Answer: embolism may pass from venous system to left side of heart
Flashcard 16: What cardiac defect is asymptomatic in childhood?
Answer: • Atrial Septal Defect
Flashcard 17: _____ is an extremely rare complication of measles that occurs >7 years following infection
Answer: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Flashcard 18: What is the most common complication of Rubella? _____
Answer: Chronic arthritis
Flashcard 19: Mumps orchitis can lead to permanent _____
Answer: reduced fertility
Flashcard 20: Patients with _____ syndrome have an increased risk for developing Alzheimer disease
Answer: Down
Flashcard 21: Down's syndrome is caused by aneuploidy "trisomy _____"
Answer: 21
Flashcard 22: Down's syndrome is associated with _____tonia
Answer: hypo
Flashcard 23: Down's syndrome presents with _____ to severe cognitive impairment
Answer: mild
Flashcard 24: What is the ENT complication associated with Down's syndrome? _____
Answer: Glue ear / otitis media with effusion
Flashcard 25: What would you suspect in a patient with upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, Brushfield spots in iris, small low-set ears, flat occiput, single palmar crease? _____
Answer: Down's syndrome
Flashcard 26: Down's syndrome ↑ the risk of _____
Answer: Alzheimer's disease
Flashcard 27: What is the most common cardiac abnormality in Down's syndrome? _____
Answer: Atrioventricular Septal Defects AVSD
Flashcard 28: _____ is a condition associated with ↑ risk of Hirschsprung disease
Answer: Down syndrome
Flashcard 29: Around ~_____% of children with simple febrile seizures develop epilepsy
Answer: 1
Flashcard 30: The majority of Down's syndrome is identified during _____
Answer: antenatal screening
Flashcard 31: Down's syndrome is managed by a _____ whose care is normally coordinated by a community or neurodisability paediatrician
Answer: MDT
Flashcard 32: Key risk factors for cerebral palsy include _____, low birth weight, & TORCH infections
Answer: prematurity
Flashcard 33: The most common cause of cystic fibrosis is a _____ mutation
Answer: F508del
Flashcard 34: What is the initial investigation for Duchenne muscular dystrophy? _____
Answer: Serum creatine kinase
Flashcard 35: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an _____ disorder in the dystrophin genes
Answer: X-linked recessive
Flashcard 36: Cystic fibrosis is inherited in an _____ pattern causing a mutation in the CFTR gene that ↑ viscosity of secretions
Answer: autosomal recessive
Flashcard 37: Cerebral palsy spasticity can be treated with oral _____
Answer: diazepam
Flashcard 38: _____ refers to a group of non-progressive neurological disorders affecting movement & posture, resulting from brain injury
Answer: Cerebral palsy
Flashcard 39: Cystic fibrosis is managed with regular x_____ daily physiotherapy & postural drainage
Answer: 2
Flashcard 40: Cystic fibrosis is typically diagnosed at birth or in early childhood, but _____% of patients are diagnosed > 16 years
Answer: 8.5
Flashcard 41: What is the best intial test for cystic fibrosis in children & young people? _____
Answer: Sweat test
Flashcard 42: Hand preference before _____ is abnormal and may indicate cerebral palsy
Answer: 12 months
Flashcard 43: What is the pharmacotherapy management of cystic fibrosis? _____ for patients with the F508del mutation
Answer: Lumacaftor/Ivacaftor (Orkambi)
Flashcard 44: Duchenne muscular dystrophy may use their arms to stand up from squatted position, known as _____
Answer: Gower's sign
Flashcard 45: Cerebral palsy is managed with an extensive _____
Answer: multidisciplinary care
Flashcard 46: What is the best intial test for cystic fibrosis in adults? _____
Answer: Cystic fibrosis gene test
Flashcard 47: Does duchenne muscular dystrophy cause intellectual impairment? _____
Answer: In ~40% of patients
Flashcard 48: Cystic fibrosis commonly presents with _____ in adults
Answer: recurrent pulmonary infections
Flashcard 49: The most common subtype of cerebral palsy is _____
Answer: spastic (75%)
Flashcard 50: What disorder presents with progressive muscle weakness from 5 years old, calf hypertrophy, Gower's sign, & intellectual impairment? _____
Answer: Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Flashcard 51: What is the cause of death in duchenne muscular dystrophy? (2) _____
Answer: Cardiac (dilated cardiomyopathy) & respiratory failure
Flashcard 52: A 2-year-old child presents with delayed motor milestones, ↑ muscle tone in the legs, and difficulty maintaining balance while sitting and walking. The child exhibits scissoring of the legs when lifted, and there is a history of premature birth. What is the most likely diagnosis? _____
Answer: Cerebral palsy
Flashcard 53: Cystic fibrosis is managed with _____ supplements taken with food
Answer: pancreatic enzyme
Flashcard 54: What is the prognosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? _____
Answer: Cannot walk by 12, survivie to around 20-30 years
Flashcard 55: Patients with cystic fibrosis should try to reduce _____
Answer: cross-infection (by minimising contact with other CF patients)
Flashcard 56: What is the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? _____
Answer: Largely supportive - currently no effective treatment
Flashcard 57: Cystic fibrosis may present with _____ in newborns
Answer: meconium ileus
Flashcard 58: Cystic fibrosis patients should eat a diet with _____ calorie & ↑ fat intake
Answer: ↑
Flashcard 59: What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for ASD repetitive behaviours? _____
Answer: SSRIs: helpful to reduce symptoms like repetitive stereotyped behaviour, anxiety, and aggression
Flashcard 60: What pharmacological treatments can be used for ASD symptoms for aggression? _____
Answer: Antipsychotic drugs → decrease irritability, aggression, & self-injurious behaviours
Flashcard 61: Symptoms of ADHD should be present in ≥ _____
Answer: two settings - e.g. school, home, or work
Flashcard 62: ASD is commonly comorbid with _____
Answer: epilepsy
Flashcard 63: What is the first step of a suspected ADHD diagnosis !before! referring to secondary care? _____
Answer: 10-week watchful waiting to see if symptoms persist
Flashcard 64: Pharmacotherapy for ADHD is only available for ages > _____
Answer: 5 years old
Flashcard 65: Other causes should be excluded to diagnose ADHD e.g. _____
Answer: absence seizures, learning difficulties, oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety, depression, & thyroid disorders
Flashcard 66: ADHD symptoms typically emerge between ages _____ but may go unnoticed, especially in cases, but may go unnoticed, especially in cases without prominent hyperactivity
Answer: 3-6
Flashcard 67: ASD main clinical features include _____ + repetitive behaviours & interests
Answer: impaired social interaction & communication
Flashcard 68: Methylphenidates are potentially _____-toxic
Answer: cardio
Flashcard 69: What lifestyle advice is recommended for ADHD? _____
Answer: Balanced diet + regular exercise
Flashcard 70: In children taking pharmacotherapy for ADHD, _____ needs to be measured every 6 months
Answer: weight & height
Flashcard 71: What is the first-line pharmacotherapy for ADHD? _____
Answer: Methylphenidate
Flashcard 72: What are 2 aspects of non-pharmoclogical therapy for ASD? _____
Answer: Early educational & social interventions + family support & counselling
Flashcard 73: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by _____, impulsivity, & inattention for > 6 months
Answer: hyperactivity
Flashcard 74: Before starting ADHD medication (methylphenidate), a baseline _____ should only be performed if cardiac risk factors are present
Answer: ECG
Flashcard 75: What is the first-line management of ADHD? (3) _____
Answer: parent education/support programmes and CBT and/or social skills training
Flashcard 76: Treatment of ASD requires a very comprehensive approach of mostly _____ treatment
Answer: non-pharmacological
Flashcard 77: _____ is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairment in social interaction & communication, combined with repetitive interests & behaviour
Answer: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
Flashcard 78: The prognosis of ASD can be improved by _____
Answer: early diagnosis & assessment
Flashcard 79: ADHD is more common in _____
Answer: boys
Flashcard 80: ASD is more prevalent in _____ 3:1
Answer: boys
Flashcard 81: ASD is commonly comorbid with _____
Answer: ADHD
Flashcard 82: What is the first-line pharmoclogical treatment for ASD social communication? _____
Answer: There are none for social communication! Medications for comorbidities can be considered
Keywords: Chronic Paediatric Conditions flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Want unlimited flashcards?
Get full access to all flashcards, spaced repetition, and progress tracking.
Start For Free