Endocrine Surgery Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Endocrine Surgery with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Endocrine Surgery Flashcard Deck - 52 Cards
Flashcard 1: The following resection is done in a _____thyroidectomy
Answer: hemi
Flashcard 2: The following resection is done in a _____thyroidectomy
Answer: subtotal
Flashcard 3: The following resection is done in a _____thyroidectomy
Answer: near total
Flashcard 4: _____ retractor is a self-retaining retractor used in thyroid surgery
Answer: Joll
Flashcard 5: Drop of PTH to _____ the maximum value at 10 min postresection is considered an adequate resection in a parathyroid adenoma by the Miami criteria
Answer: less than half
Flashcard 6: MACIS scale (postop modification) for prognostic scoring in thyroid cancer - distant M_____, Age at presentation (40 years old), Completeness of original surgical resection, extrathyroidal Invasion, and tumor Size
Answer: etastases
Flashcard 7: The _____ nerve may be transected during ligation of the inferior thyroid artery during thyroid surgery
Answer: recurrent laryngeal
Flashcard 8: AMES system for prognostic scoring in thyroid cancer involves - A_____, Metastases, Extrathyroidal invasion, and tumor Size
Answer: ge
Flashcard 9: What are the indications for bilateral adrenalectomy?Bilateral _____Ectopic ACTH-dependent "Cushings Syndrome"Irresectable or unlocalised primary tumour
Answer: ACTH-independent disease
Flashcard 10: In total Parathyroidectomy with heterotopic transplantation, parathyroid tissue is transplanted to the _____ forearm in the belly of the brachioradialis muscle
Answer: non-dominant
Flashcard 11: _____ 30-40 mg per day is the drug of choice for pre-op preparation of a patient for thyroid surgery
Answer: Carbimazole
Flashcard 12: 2 methods of pre-op preparation for thyroid surgery are with the use of _____ or beta-blockers
Answer: carbimazole
Flashcard 13: To prove the possibility of parathyroid graft hyperplasia, the ratio of the PTH levels should be greater than _____ on Casanova test
Answer: 20:1
Flashcard 14: Classically, swellings associated with the _____ move with deglutition.
Answer: thyroid
Flashcard 15: _____ nerve is at greater risk of injury during surgeries like Thymectomy.
Answer: Vagus
Flashcard 16: The following resection is done in a _____thyroidectomy
Answer: near total
Flashcard 17: _____ hyperparathyroidism is hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia post parathyroid resection within a 6 month period.
Answer: Persistent
Flashcard 18: _____ is the most common cause for bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis.
Answer: Surgical trauma
Flashcard 19: According to the Bethesda system (Thyroid cytopathology), what is the preferred line of Mx for Criteria IV?_____
Answer: Lobectomy
Flashcard 20: Age _____ years is an indication for parathyroidectomy in patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism
Answer: < 50
Flashcard 21: If there is no drop in PTH level, post parathyroidectomy, then a multi-gland disease is suspected and the surgery is converted to a _____ exploration.
Answer: bilateral neck
Flashcard 22: When is thyroidectomy recommended in Hashimoto's?_____
Answer: when there is risk of compressive features and development of thyroid lymphoma
Flashcard 23: What is the surgical management of a low risk differentiated thyroid cancer?_____
Answer: Hemithyroidectomy
Flashcard 24: Parathyroid graft hyperplasia, post parathyroidectomy in a pt. with persistent HPT is diagnosed by the _____ test
Answer: Casanova
Flashcard 25: What is the ideal size of remnant left after subtotal parathyroidectomy?_____
Answer: ~30mg
Flashcard 26: _____ post a thyroidectomy is the most frequent life threatening complication.
Answer: Hemorrhage
Flashcard 27: Patients undergoing unilateral adrenalectomy typically require _____ post-op
Answer: exogenous steroids
Flashcard 28: _____ retractor is a self-retaining retractor used in thyroid surgery
Answer: Joll
Flashcard 29: Only Thy _____ swellings are indicated for surgery
Answer: 3-5
Flashcard 30: What is the surgical management in MTC with other LN involvement (apart from level VI)?_____
Answer: Total thyroidectomy + Central neck dissection + Modified radical neck dissection (therapeutic)
Flashcard 31: _____ mediastinal goitres can be removed by cervical and thoracic approach
Answer: Secondary
Flashcard 32: What is the surgical management of a high risk differentiated thyroid cancer with level VI LN involvement?_____
Answer: Total thyroidectomy +central neck dissection
Flashcard 33: The only indication for an adrenal gland biopsy is to confirm _____
Answer: adrenal gland metastasis.
Flashcard 34: What is the surgical management of bilateral involvement of Hurthle cell CA without level VI involvement?_____
Answer: Total thyroidectomy + Central neck dissection (prophylactic)
Flashcard 35: Is toxic adenoma an indication for thyroid surgery?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 36: _____ is performed in patients with radiation-induced differentiated thyroid cancers irrespective of their size.
Answer: Total thyroidectomy (Thyroid surgery)
Flashcard 37: What is the surgical management in MTC with level VI LN involvement?_____
Answer: Total thyroidectomy + Central neck dissection (therapeutic) + Modified radical neck dissection (prophylactic)
Flashcard 38: _____ results in a high yield of parathyroid tissue and is essential for cure of selected patients with hyperparathyroidism
Answer: Transcervical thymectomy
Flashcard 39: What is the treatment of choice for unilateral adrenocortical tumor?_____
Answer: Unilateral laproscopic adrenalectomy
Flashcard 40: It is mandatory to pre-operatively screen for _____ in suspected cases of MEN 2 syndromes, before doing a thyroidectomy (MTC)
Answer: pheochromocytoma
Flashcard 41: Commonest surgical approach to a retrosternal goitre is via _____.*what are the indications for the alternative approach?
Answer: neck
Flashcard 42: According to the Bethesda system (Thyroid cytopathology), what is the preferred line of Mx for Criteria V?_____
Answer: Lobectomy or total thyroidectomy
Flashcard 43: The usual cause of thyroid storm in thyroidectomy is _____
Answer: inadequate patient preparation before surgery.
Flashcard 44: Parathyroid insufficiency post thyroidectomy presents usually _____ post-op
Answer: 2-5 days (duration)
Flashcard 45: What is the surgical management in MTC without LN involvement?_____
Answer: Total thyroidectomy + Central neck dissection (prophylactic)
Flashcard 46: What is the surgical management of a high risk differentiated thyroid cancer without LN involvement?_____
Answer: Total thyroidectomy
Flashcard 47: What is the next step in mangement of a patient of Grave's who has been made euthyroid?_____
Answer: Near-total thyroidectomy
Flashcard 48: The following resection is done in a _____thyroidectomy
Answer: hemi
Flashcard 49: The following resection is done in a _____thyroidectomy
Answer: subtotal
Flashcard 50: _____ is definitive management in non-functional adrenal tumors, i.e, incidentalomas more than _____ cm in size.
Answer: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy; 4
Flashcard 51: A goiter extending up to the superior margin of the aortic arch is _____ a high risk for conversion into open sternotomy.
Answer: not
Flashcard 52: For patients undergoing total thyroidectomy, thyroxine replacement should be started on postoperative day _____
Answer: 1
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