Sensory Systems Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Sensory Systems with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Sensory Systems Flashcard Deck - 74 Cards
Flashcard 1: What senses are impaired with zinc deficiency? _____ and smell (anosmia)
Answer: taste (dysgeusia)
Flashcard 2: Accommodation (near response) occurs via contraction of the _____ muscle, which relaxes the suspensory ligaments and allows the lens to become more round
Answer: ciliary
Flashcard 3: Which types of sensory receptor adapt quickly? _____ and Meissner corpuscles
Answer: Pacinian corpuscles
Flashcard 4: Position sense involves muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, and _____ receptors and joint capsule receptors
Answer: skin tactile
Flashcard 5: Traveling wave theory of _____ was proposed by Von Bekesy.
Answer: von Bekesy
Flashcard 6: The _____ and saccule (otolith organs) of the vestibular system detect linear acceleration of the head
Answer: utricle
Flashcard 7: The exposure of the retina to light causes _____polarization and a decreased release of neurotransmitters in rods and cones.
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 8: Metarhodopsin II activates _____ member of G proteins which leads to closure of Na+ channels and hyperpolarization
Answer: transducin
Flashcard 9: Rods are characterized by _____ acuity and high sensitivity
Answer: low
Flashcard 10: Endolymph is akin to _____cellular fluid and is high in potassium.
Answer: intra
Flashcard 11: Which types of sensory receptor adapt slowly? _____ and Merkel discs
Answer: Ruffini corpuscles
Flashcard 12: Cones are characterized by _____ acuity and low sensitivity
Answer: high
Flashcard 13: The accommodation reflex is accompanied by _____ and miosis
Answer: convergence
Flashcard 14: Handle of _____ is 1.3 times longer than long process of the incus, providing a mechanical advantage of 1.3.
Answer: malleus
Flashcard 15: _____ and Ruffini end organ are slow adapting mechnoceptors
Answer: Merkel's disc
Flashcard 16: The SI unit for the measurement of brightness of light from a point source is _____
Answer: Candela
Flashcard 17: What stimuli do Merkel's discs respond to?_____
Answer: Edges and points
Flashcard 18: What sensory organs are involved in clasp knife rigidity?_____
Answer: Golgi tendon organs
Flashcard 19: _____cellular pathway gives signals for color vision, texture, shape, and fine details
Answer: Parvo
Flashcard 20: What is the function associated with urticle and saccule?_____
Answer: linear momentum
Flashcard 21: Impedance matching is performed by the _____ ear
Answer: middle
Flashcard 22: _____cellular pathway gives signals for movement, depth, flicker, and spatial organization
Answer: Magno
Flashcard 23: Endocochlear potential is a direct current (DC) potential recorded from scala _____.
Answer: media
Flashcard 24: Rods and cones release _____ at their synapses.
Answer: glutamate (neurotransmitter)
Flashcard 25: Phototransduction occurs in the _____ segment of photoreceptors and converts light energy into an electrical signal.
Answer: outer
Flashcard 26: Which optical pathway is slower?_____
Answer: Parvocellular
Flashcard 27: _____ is a G-protein-coupled receptor found in the outer segments of rod photoreceptors.
Answer: Rhodopsin
Flashcard 28: _____ cells increase visual acuity by lateral inhibition
Answer: Horizontal
Flashcard 29: Law of _____ states that no matter where a particular sensory pathway is stimulated along its course to the cortex, the conscious sensation produced is referred to the location of the receptor
Answer: projection
Flashcard 30: Amacrine cells produce _____polarizing potentials and spikes
Answer: de
Flashcard 31: The neural pathway from retina to visual cortex continues to develop till _____ years of age
Answer: 8
Flashcard 32: _____ of photoreceptor outer segment tips is carried out by RPE
Answer: Phagocytosis
Flashcard 33: What is the value of endolymphatic potential?_____
Answer: +80mV
Flashcard 34: The _____ is an area of absolute scotoma in the visual field caused due to the absence of photoreceptors (rods and cones) in the region occupied by the optic disc.
Answer: physiological blind spot
Flashcard 35: Konio cells are involved in the transmission of _____.
Answer: color
Flashcard 36: Visible range of electromagnetic spectrum for the human eye is _____ nm.
Answer: 400 700
Flashcard 37: Presence of heat-seeking pit organ is a feature of _____venomous snakes
Answer:
Flashcard 38: The rate of formation of aqueous humor is _____/min.
Answer: 2-3 L
Flashcard 39: What is the function of VPL thalamic nuclei?_____
Answer: relays sensations
Flashcard 40: Which optical pathway has high contrast gain?_____
Answer: Magnocellular
Flashcard 41: _____ is responsible for inducing phototransduction.
Answer: Metarhodopsin II (Compound)
Flashcard 42: _____ are more sensitive to light
Answer: Rods (Cones/Rods)
Flashcard 43: Doctrine of _____ states that when the nerve pathways from a particular sense organ are stimulated, the sensation evoked is that for which the receptor is specialized
Answer: specific nerve energies
Flashcard 44: Total transformer ratio of the middle ear is _____
Answer: 22:1
Flashcard 45: _____ of sounds is a function of the middle ear
Answer: Amplification (Dimunition/amplification)
Flashcard 46: Frequency-specific regions of the cochlea produce _____ which reflect the motility status of the cochlea's outer hair cells
Answer: otoacoustic emissions
Flashcard 47: Ratio of effective vibratory area of tympanic membrane to area of footplate of stapes (areal ratio) is _____.
Answer: 17:1
Flashcard 48: b-wave on ERG originates from _____
Answer: Muller and bipolar cells
Flashcard 49: What is the function associated with crista ampullaris?_____
Answer: angular momentum
Flashcard 50: _____ theory assumes three sets of receptor systems, each of which functions as an antagonistic pair
Answer: Opponent process
Flashcard 51: Wave V of BERA is produced by the _____
Answer: lateral lemniscus
Flashcard 52: Which optical pathway has transient response?_____
Answer: Magnocellular
Flashcard 53: Tympanic membrane has _____ impedance than the oval window
Answer: lower
Flashcard 54: Near vison accommodation is due to the _____ of the ciliary muscle.
Answer: contraction
Flashcard 55: What stimuli do Pacinican corpscules respond to?_____
Answer: Vibration
Flashcard 56: Taste perception is present at _____ in an infant
Answer: birth
Flashcard 57: What stimuli do Ruffini's end organs respond to?_____
Answer: Skin stretch
Flashcard 58: Higher frequecies are heard better at the _____ of the cochlea
Answer: base (apex//base)
Flashcard 59: Which optical pathway has higher spatial resolution?_____
Answer: Parvocellular
Flashcard 60: _____ theory states that a sound wave, depending on its frequency, reaches maximum amplitude on a particular place on the basilar membrane and stimulates that segment.
Answer: Traveling wave
Flashcard 61: Wave II of BERA is produced by the _____ part of the cochlear nerve
Answer: proximal
Flashcard 62: The movement of stapes footplate causes vibration in scala _____.
Answer: vestibuli
Flashcard 63: Natural resonance of middle ear is _____ Hz.
Answer: 800
Flashcard 64: Contact lenses _____ corneal oxygen supply.
Answer: decrease
Flashcard 65: Corpscules are usually _____ adapting mechanoceptors
Answer: rapidly (slow/rapidly)
Flashcard 66: Weber-Fechner Law states that the magnitude of sensation felt is proportionate to the log of the _____ of the stimulus.
Answer: intensity
Flashcard 67: What stimuli do Meissner's corpscules respond to?_____
Answer: Tap and flutter
Flashcard 68: About _____ per cent of inspired air reaches the olfactory area within the nose
Answer: 15
Flashcard 69: Regeneration of the visual pigment _____ is carried out by RPE
Answer: rhodopsin
Flashcard 70: Trichromatic theory (also called _____ theory) assumes three types of color receptors, each is assumed to respond to all wavelengths, but, each has different spectral sensitivities.
Answer: Young Helmholtz
Flashcard 71: Temporary deafness or hearing loss occurs after a single exposure to noise, usually at a frequency range of _____ Hz.
Answer: 4000 6000
Flashcard 72: Umami tastes are sensed by the activation of _____ receptors.
Answer: G-protein coupled
Flashcard 73: _____ is stimulated directly by vibrations conducted through the bones of the skull.
Answer: Cochlea
Flashcard 74: The _____ is responsible for the detection of the direction of the sound.
Answer: lateral superior olivary nucleus
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