Reproductive Physiology Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Reproductive Physiology with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Reproductive Physiology Flashcard Deck - 63 Cards
Flashcard 1: The glands and stroma of the prostate are maintained by _____
Answer: androgens
Flashcard 2: body temperature rises by _____ degree celcius after ovulation
Answer: 0.5-1
Extra:
Flashcard 3: _____ of the epididymis has sperms with low amplitude and high-frequency tail movements (high/low)
Answer: Tail
Flashcard 4: _____ of the epididymis has sperms with high amplitude and low-frequency tail movements (high/low)
Answer: Head
Flashcard 5: The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle is dominated by the hormone _____, causing endometrial proliferation
Answer: 17-estradiol (estrogen)
Flashcard 6: Beginning at ovulation, primary oocytes begin to complete _____ (diploid) to form secondary oocytes (haploid)
Answer: meiosis I
Flashcard 7: _____ cells (males) secrete inhibin B, which serves to inhibit FSH
Answer: Sertoli
Flashcard 8: Pulsatile secretion of GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete _____ and LH
Answer: FSH
Flashcard 9: After the primary spermatocyte has been formed, it undergoes _____ to become a secondary spermatocyte
Answer: meiosis I
Flashcard 10: Leydig cells secrete _____ in the presence of LH
Answer: testosterone
Flashcard 11: Menopause is associated with _____ levels of FSH, LH, and GnRH with decreased levels of estrogen
Answer: increased
Flashcard 12: If a patient has insufficient production of testosterone and is a male genotype, will they have:- Breasts? _____- Uterus? -
Answer: -
Flashcard 13: The _____ nervous system is responsible for sperm emission (testes to prostatic urethra) via the hypogastric nerve
Answer: sympathetic
Flashcard 14: The _____ cells of the male gonads synthesize testosterone
Answer: Leydig
Flashcard 15: The function of the ovaries are _____ and secretion of the female sex steroid hormones progesterone and estrogen
Answer: oogenesis
Flashcard 16: After the secondary spermatocyte has been formed, it undergoes _____ to become a spermatid
Answer: meiosis II
Flashcard 17: In males, exogenous _____ causes decreased intratesticular testosterone, leading to decreased testicular size and azoospermia
Answer: testosterone
Flashcard 18: _____ syndrome is characterized by a defective migration of GnRH cells and defective formation of the olfactory bulb
Answer: Kallmann
Flashcard 19: Ovulation follows the _____, which occurs due to a burst of estradiol
Answer: LH surge
Flashcard 20: The _____ nervous system is responsible for sperm expulsion via the pudendal nerve
Answer: somatic
Flashcard 21: Gonadal males have testes that synthesize and secrete _____ and testosterone, which are required for development of the male phenotype
Answer: antimullerian hormone
Flashcard 22: Prolactin _____ ovulation and spermatogenesis by decreasing synthesis and release of GnRH
Answer: inhibits
Flashcard 23: In _____ deficiency, a person is genotypically XY but has underdeveloped (ambiguous) male external genitalia with normal internal genitalia
Answer: 5-reductase
Flashcard 24: Does glucose cross the placenta? What about insulin? _____
Answer: Glucose does
Flashcard 25: _____ and pregnancy are the most important stimuli for prolactin secretion
Answer: Breast-feeding
Flashcard 26: Increased urinary frequency in pregnancy is due to -hCG stimulated production of _____, which increases GFR by increasing renal circulation
Answer: relaxin
Flashcard 27: In utero, "breathing" occurs via aspiration and expulsion of _____, causing increased pulmonary vascular resistance through gestation
Answer: amniotic fluid
Flashcard 28: Prolactin is the major hormone responsible for _____ and also participates (with estrogen) in breast development
Answer: milk production (lactogenesis)
Flashcard 29: At puberty, GnRH _____ its own receptor in the anterior pituitary, thus increasing sensitivity
Answer: up-regulates
Flashcard 30: Anterior pituitary control of spermatogenesis and testosterone secretion are regulated via the hormones _____ and LH
Answer: FSH
Flashcard 31: Physiological hypertrophy and hyperplasia can be simultaneously seen in the _____ during pregnancy and puberty.
Answer: breast
Flashcard 32: The _____ nervous system is responsible for the male erection (tumescence) via the pelvic (S2-S4) nerve
Answer: parasympathetic
Flashcard 33: The Sertoli cells release a substance called _____ which causes decreased secretion of FSH (negative feedback)
Answer: inhibin B
Flashcard 34: Elevated levels of _____ in a non-pregnant patient is indicative of ovulation
Answer: progesterone
Flashcard 35: The first stage of spermatogenesis is _____ of spermatogonia to generate the primary spermatocyte
Answer: DNA replication (interphase)
Flashcard 36: _____ causes ejection of milk from the breast when stimulated by suckling
Answer: Oxytocin
Flashcard 37: In general, sex chromosome disorders (e.g. Turner's, Klinefelter) present with _____ testosterone and/or estrogen and increased LH
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 38: _____ cells secrete androgen-binding protein which serves to maintain local levels of testosterone
Answer: Sertoli
Flashcard 39: The primary event that initiates puberty is the onset of _____ secretion of GnRH from the hypothalamus
Answer: pulsatile
Flashcard 40: The hormone that plays a permissive role in the attainment of puberty is _____.
Answer: leptin
Flashcard 41: Steroidogenic factor -1 (SF-1) and GATA-2 are factors that are required for _____troph differentiation
Answer: gonado
Flashcard 42: Transabdominal phase of scrotal descent is regulated by _____
Answer: MIF
Flashcard 43: In the female, AMH is secreted by the _____ cells after puberty
Answer: granulosa
Flashcard 44: Normal viability of sperm in semen is _____
Answer: >58% living
Flashcard 45: In sertoli-cell only syndrome, levels of which hormone are raised?_____
Answer: FSH
Flashcard 46: What is the longest phase of normal sexual respose cycle?_____
Answer: Excitement/Arousal
Flashcard 47: Before puberty, the pH of the vagina is about _____
Answer: 7
Flashcard 48: Hindmilk is secreted at the end of the feed and is rich in _____ that quenches the satiety.
Answer: fats
Flashcard 49: Normal volume of Semen is _____
Answer: 1.5mL
Flashcard 50: What phase of female breast has the NIS (secondary active co-transport)?_____
Answer: Gestational
Flashcard 51: In sertoli-cell only syndrome, what are the levels of testosterone and LH?_____
Answer: unchanged
Flashcard 52: What part of the menstrual cycle shows ferning pattern of cervical mucus?_____
Answer: Ovulation/LH surge
Flashcard 53: Increased _____ during pregnancy stimulates the respiratory centre and causes hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis
Answer: progesterone
Flashcard 54: Normal pH of Semen is _____
Answer: 7.2-7.8
Flashcard 55: Double Bohr effect occurs in the _____
Answer: placenta
Flashcard 56: AMH is a glycopeptide secreted by the granulosa cells of the _____ follicles
Answer: pre-antral
Flashcard 57: Normal sperm concentration of Semen is _____
Answer: 15mil/mL
Flashcard 58: Normal leucocytes in semen is _____
Answer: <1mil/mL
Flashcard 59: The secretions of seminal vesicles are _____
Answer: alkaline (acidic/alkaline)
Flashcard 60: Total sperm count of Semen is _____
Answer: >39mil/ejaculate
Flashcard 61: Beta hCG has biological activity similar to that of _____
Answer: LH
Flashcard 62: Pubarche, or the development of pubic hair, is _____ mediated by estrogen.
Answer: not
Flashcard 63: Choline in seminal fluid originates from the _____
Answer: seminal vesicles
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