Innate Immunity — Flashcards

_____ are involved in the recognition and clearance of necrotic cells.

Toluidine blue and Leder stain (Chloracetate esterase) are special stains for _____ cells

Monocytosis (increased monocytes) is seen with chronic _____ states and malignancy

In the setting of chronic inflammation, macrophages can be activated to M1 macrophages by stimulation from _____ cells, resulting in a proinflammatory phenotype

_____ is phagocytosis of apoptotic bodies done by macrophages, epithelial cells, and fibroblast cells.

The extrinsic (death receptor) pathway of apoptosis can occur via receptor binding between _____-(receptor: CD95) or TNF- and their respective receptors

LE cell is a phagocytic _____ or _____ that has engulfed the denatured nucleus of an injured cell

--- Do with heme --- Type II Hypersensitivity Disorders - Cytotoxic: Transfusion Reaction - Antibody against _____ - IgM isohemagglutinins formed naturally in response to bacterial flora cause opsonization and complement activation - Leads to hemolysis **Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis fetalis) Antibody = _____ - Formed in _____ mother carrying _____ child - First pregnancy _____ (doesn't have to be viable pregnancy) - Antibody crosses placenta and injures subsequent fetuses - Prevent with _____ (anti-Rh, binds fetal red cells and prevents mothers immune system from reacting) ABO blood typing and screening for other preformed Abs; always done in case of transplants. Universal donor: type _____ Universal recipient: type _____ (Ex) Type A can donate to _____ and _____. Type A can receive donations from _____ and _____. - Anti-B antibodies prevent donation from type B and type AB. HLA Typing - Microcytotoxicity test Tests for MHC _____ Test hundreds of different haplotypes to find a potential match. Cells recognized by antibody will be attacked by complement and thus become leaky and take up dye. HLA Typing - Mixed lymphocyte reaction Tests for MHC class _____ Take donor cells and irradiate them (prevent proliferation). Irradiated cells are mixed with donor cells to see if proliferation occurs. Higher radioactivity (thymidine) signifies _____ compatibility.

_____ cells are plasma cells characterized by the accumulation of multiple Russell bodies

--- Do with heme ---Type II Hypersensitivity Disorders - Cytotoxic:Transfusion Reaction - Antibody against _____ - IgM isohemagglutinins formed naturally in response to bacterial flora cause opsonization and complement activation - Leads to hemolysis**Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (Erythroblastosis fetalis)Antibody = Anti-RhD+ IgG - Formed in Rh- mother carrying Rh+ child - First pregnancy sensitizes (doesn't have to be viable pregnancy) - Antibody crosses placenta and injures subsequent fetuses - Prevent with RhoGAM (anti-Rh, binds fetal red cells and prevents mothers immune system from reacting) ABO blood typing and screening for other preformed Abs; always done in case of transplants.Universal donor: type OUniversal recipient: type AB (Ex) Type A can donate to type A and type AB. Type A can receive donations from type A and type O. - Anti-B antibodies prevent donation from type B and type AB. HLA Typing - Microcytotoxicity testTests for MHC class I (HLA-A, HLA-B)Test hundreds of different haplotypes to find a potential match. Cells recognized by antibody will be attacked by complement and thus become leaky and take up dye. HLA Typing - Mixed lymphocyte reactionTests for MHC class II (HLA-DR)Take donor cells and irradiate them (prevent proliferation). Irradiated cells are mixed with donor cells to see if proliferation occurs. Higher radioactivity (thymidine) signifies lower compatibility.