Diseases of the Cornea — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which stain is used to identify granular dystrophy of the cornea? _____

Answer: Masson's trichrome

Flashcard 2: The following result on Placido disk test will be seen in _____

Answer: keratoconus

Flashcard 3: The following result on Placido disk test will be seen in _____

Answer: corneal astigmatism

Flashcard 4: Causes of interstitial keratitis: (Think granulomatous diseases, protozoal, mycobacterial) _____

Answer:

Flashcard 5: Corneal thickness is best measured by a _____

Answer: pachymeter

Flashcard 6: The following result on Placido disk test will be seen in _____

Answer: aspherical cornea

Flashcard 7: major cause of blindness in 0-49  years age is _____

Answer: corneal opacity

Extra: 

Flashcard 8: Iridocyclitis in Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis is usually insidious, _____terior, non-granulomatous and unilateral.

Answer: an

Flashcard 9: _____ in acute anterior uveitis due to leakage of protein particles into the aqueous humor from damaged blood vessels

Answer: Aqueous flare

Flashcard 10: _____ prevelance of >0.05% in population at risk(6 months to 6 years) signifies population risk for Vitamin A deficiency

Answer: Corneal scar

Flashcard 11: _____ or DMEK have a high success rate in treating Fuch's dystrophy

Answer: DSAEK

Flashcard 12: Microcornea is characterised by horizontal corneal diameter of _____ mm or less over 2 years of age or less than 9 mm in the newborn

Answer: 10

Flashcard 13: Non-healing bacterial ulcers can be treated with debridement, chemical _____ with TCA or carbolic acid, or conjunctival flapping

Answer: cauterization

Flashcard 14: _____ is the most common stromal dystrophy and is associated with amyloidosis

Answer: Lattice dystrophy

Flashcard 15: Megalocornea is characterised by horizontal corneal diameter of _____ mm or more over 2 years of age or more than 12 mm in the newborn

Answer: 13

Flashcard 16: _____ ulcer forms a characteristic overhanging edge and rarely perforates

Answer: Mooren's

Flashcard 17: Staphyloma involves _____ tissue with cornea

Answer: uveal

Flashcard 18: In _____ corneal rejection, linear pattern of KPs called Khodadoust lines are noted

Answer: endothelial

Flashcard 19: _____ or Dendritic corneal ulcers are seen in Fluorescein slit lamp exam of Keratoconjunctivitis from HSV-1

Answer: Serpiginous

Flashcard 20: The average central corneal thickness is around _____ mm, which gradually increases toward the periphery to around 0.7 mm.

Answer: 0.5

Flashcard 21: Ghost vessels are seen in stage of _____ of interstitial keratitis in congenital syphilis

Answer: regression

Flashcard 22: _____ syndrome is nodules and nevi on the iris seen in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome

Answer: Cogan-Reese

Flashcard 23: Abnormal tear osmolarity is defined as an elevated reading, _____ mOsm/L, indicating loss of homeostasis, or when the inter-eye difference is >8 mOsm/L, indicating instability of the tear film.

Answer: >300

Flashcard 24: Posterior _____ opacity and corneal edema can be seen in anterior uveitis

Answer: corneal

Flashcard 25: Pain is disproportionate to degree of keratitis in _____ due to perineural involvement

Answer: acanthamoeba

Flashcard 26: _____ KPs are composed of epithelioid cells and macrophages seen in Granulomatous uveitis

Answer: Mutton-fat

Flashcard 27: _____ are the break in the Descemet s membrane seen in keratoconus.

Answer: Vogt s striae

Flashcard 28: Moorens s ulcer is a _____ ulcer, which occurs due to autoimmune phenomenon

Answer: superficial

Flashcard 29: In _____ corneal rejection, infiltrative opacities called Krachmer spots are noted

Answer: sub-epithelial

Flashcard 30: Causes of congenital opacities of the cornea (STUMPED):S - _____T - Tears in the Descemet membrane secondary to birth trauma or congenital glaucomaU - UlcerM - MucopolysaccharidosisP - Peters anomalyE - Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophyD - Dermoid

Answer: Sclerocornea

Flashcard 31: _____ keratopathy occurs due to exposure to UV rays.

Answer: Labrador

Flashcard 32: In arcus senilis, the lipid is deposited between the _____ layer and the anterior stroma of the cornea

Answer: bowman's

Flashcard 33: _____ is the least common corneal dystrophy and is associated with mucopolysaccharidosis

Answer: Macular dystrophy

Flashcard 34: _____ of the cornea is a complication of HSV-1

Answer: Keratoconjunctivitis

Flashcard 35: _____ disease presents with Kayser-Fleisher rings due to copper deposits in Descemet's membrane of the cornea

Answer: Wilson

Flashcard 36: The vessels in trachomatous pannus are superficial and lie between _____ and epithelium.

Answer: Bowman s membrane

Flashcard 37: _____ KP form endothelial dusting seen in Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis

Answer: Fine/Stellate

Flashcard 38: The characteristic hypopyon corneal ulcer caused by _____ is called ulcus serpens

Answer: Pneumococcus

Flashcard 39: Corneal _____ is best measured by a pachymeter

Answer: thickness

Flashcard 40: Corneal dystrophies are primarily a _____lateral, inherited, non-inflammatory condition specific to the cornea.

Answer: bi

Flashcard 41: Arcus senilis starts at the _____ and inferior perilimbal cornea

Answer: superior

Flashcard 42: _____ syndrome is corneal edema seen in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome

Answer: Chandler s

Flashcard 43: _____ cross-linking with riboflavin (CXL or C3R) and UV-A rays are the treatment of choice for keratoconus

Answer: Corneal collagen

Flashcard 44: _____ is the deposition of gold in the cornea, after repeated parenteral administration of Gold salts

Answer: Ocular chrysiasis

Flashcard 45: _____ ring, maybe seen in keratoconus due to iron deposition on the epithelium

Answer: Fleischer's

Flashcard 46: Pathognomonic sign of acute anterior uveitis is _____.

Answer: keratic precipitates (KP)

Flashcard 47: Pseudo-dendritic or micro-dendritic ulcers are seen in _____ keratitis

Answer: herpes zoster

Flashcard 48: Does the pupil in anterior uveitis react to light?_____

Answer: Yes (but sluggishly)

Flashcard 49: Mackie's Stage _____ is characterized by frank epithelial defect

Answer: II

Flashcard 50: Stage _____ of WHO grading of Vitamin A deficiency corresponds to Corneal ulceration/ Keratomalacia affecting >1/3rd of the corneal surface

Answer: X3B

Flashcard 51: The pathognomic feature of viral keratitis is decreased _____.

Answer: corneal sensation

Flashcard 52: What is the most common cause of anterior staphyloma?_____

Answer: Sloughing corneal ulcer

Flashcard 53: The corneal layer involved in Gelatinous drop-like dystrophy is _____

Answer: epithelium

Flashcard 54: _____ layer prevents evaporation of tears

Answer: Lipid

Flashcard 55: _____ is a localized thinning of the peripheral cornea at the limbus.

Answer: Dellen

Flashcard 56: What findings on specular microscopy are indicators of endothelial dysfunction?_____

Answer: Pleomorphism and Polymegathism

Flashcard 57: Most common corneal dystrophy overall is _____ dystrophy

Answer: Microcystic/fingerprint/map-dot

Flashcard 58: KPs are arranged in triangular fashion in the _____ triangle due to the convection currents of the aqueous humor

Answer: Arlt's

Flashcard 59: Age related, iron deposition line in the corneal epithelium, which is commonly seen in the junction between middle and lower third cornea is known as _____ line

Answer: Hudson-Stahli

Flashcard 60: Stromal/Disciform keratitis is a feature of _____ herpes simplex

Answer: secondary (primary/secondary)

Flashcard 61: The corneal layer involved in Thiel-Behnke dystrophy is _____ membrane.

Answer: Bowman s

Flashcard 62: _____ is a characteristic feature of viral cornal ulcers

Answer: Recurrences

Flashcard 63: What is the normal value of tear film breakup test?_____ seconds

Answer: 15-35

Flashcard 64: What is the most common subtype of corneal graft rejection leading to failure?_____

Answer: Endothelial rejection

Flashcard 65: In Labrador keratopathy, irregular proteinaceous deposits in the anterior stroma replace the _____ layer

Answer: bowman's

Flashcard 66: Are steroids useful in fungal keratitis?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 67: _____ is a form of corneal opacity that involves the bowman's membrane and more than half the stromal thickness

Answer: Leukoma

Flashcard 68: Central guttata are found in _____ endothelial dystrophy.

Answer: Fuch's

Flashcard 69: _____ is the commonest cause of infectious keratitis after corneal transplantation in developed countries.

Answer: Pneumococcus/ Staph. aureus

Flashcard 70: Which instrument is used to measure the curvature of the anterior surface of cornea?_____

Answer: Keratometer (ophthalmometer)

Flashcard 71: _____ is the method for the long-term preservation of cornea, up to 1 year.

Answer: Cryopreservation

Flashcard 72: Mackie's Stage _____ is characterized by stromal melting and occasionally perforation

Answer: III

Flashcard 73: _____ keratopathy is seen in sarcoidosis

Answer: Band-shaped

Flashcard 74: The hydration level of the cornea is maintained mainly by the _____ of the cornea.

Answer: endothelial cells

Flashcard 75: "Beaten-metal" appearance of endothelium is seen in _____ dystrophy

Answer: Fuch's

Flashcard 76: _____ is a form of corneal opacity that involves the bowman's membrane and half the stromal thickness

Answer: Macula

Flashcard 77: What type of IOL is associated with an increased incidence of bullous keratopathy?_____

Answer: ACIOL

Flashcard 78: Abnormalities of the curvature of the _____ constitute the most common causes of astigmatism.

Answer: cornea

Flashcard 79: Follicles in the _____ area is a corneal sign of trachoma

Answer: limbal

Flashcard 80: Which layer is the toughest in the cornea?_____

Answer: Dua's layer (toughest layer)

Flashcard 81: The corneal layer involved in Posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy is _____

Answer: endothelium

Flashcard 82: Specular microscopy is to assess the corneal _____

Answer: endothelium

Flashcard 83: Fine/Coarse epithelial punctate keratitis is a feature of _____ herpes simplex

Answer: primary and secondary active (primary/secondary)

Flashcard 84: The corneal layer involved in Fuch's dystrophy is _____

Answer: endothelium

Flashcard 85: Hypopyon in a _____ corneal ulcer is sterile

Answer: bacterial

Flashcard 86: _____ is mainly used as a corneal patch to seal acute corneal perforations

Answer: Cyanoacrylate glue

Flashcard 87: _____ characterized three stages of neurotrophic keratitis.

Answer: Mackie

Flashcard 88: Mackie's Stage _____ is characterized by an irregular corneal surface (punctate keratitis)

Answer: I

Flashcard 89: Bullous keratopathy will present with more symptoms in the _____ time

Answer: morning

Flashcard 90: Pannus on the superior limbus is a _____ sign of trachoma

Answer: corneal

Flashcard 91: Shield ulcers, Vernal plaques and Pseudo-gerontoxon is seen in _____ VKC

Answer: corneal

Flashcard 92: Bilateral congenital cloudy cornea associated with normal diameters and thick cornea is most likely suggestive of _____

Answer: congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED)

Flashcard 93: Hypopyon is thick and immobile in _____ corneal ulcer

Answer: fungal

Flashcard 94: _____ ulcer, seen in Phlyctenular conjunctivitis, has a prominent parallel leash of blood vessels, and heals leaving a band-shaped opacity

Answer: Fascicular

Flashcard 95: _____ is the treatment of choice for acanthamoeba keratitis.

Answer: Polyhexamethyl biguanide (PHMB)

Flashcard 96: _____ spp. can cause corneal perforation in 48 hours.

Answer: Pseudomonas

Flashcard 97: Ring lesions (stromal infiltrate) is seen in _____ keratitis.

Answer: acanthamoeba

Flashcard 98: Most common cause of neurotrophic keratopathy is _____

Answer: varicella zoster

Flashcard 99: Band-shaped keratopathy is _____ deposition on the cornea in the form of a band.

Answer: calcium

Flashcard 100: Most common stromal dystrophy is _____ dystrophy

Answer: Lattice

Flashcard 101: Medical rx of bullous keratopathy includes the use of _____

Answer: hypertonic saline

Flashcard 102: Which stain is used to identify avellino dystrophy of the cornea?_____

Answer: Congo-red and Masson's trichrome

Flashcard 103: Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is due to the deficiency of the _____ layer of the tear film.

Answer: aqueous

Flashcard 104: Dendritic ulcer is a feature of _____ herpes simplex

Answer: primary and secondary active (primary/secondary)

Flashcard 105: _____ Sign, is a V-shaped deformity of the lower lid on downward gaze, seen in keratoconus

Answer: Munson s

Flashcard 106: The corneal layer involved in Grayson-Wilbrandt dystrophy is _____ membrane.

Answer: Bowman s

Flashcard 107: Opacity is a _____ sign of trachoma

Answer: corneal

Flashcard 108: Violent _____ is common with ulcus serpens

Answer: iridocyclitis

Flashcard 109: Hypopyon is fluid and mobile in _____ corneal ulcer

Answer: bacterial

Flashcard 110: _____ KPs are seen in Acute hemorrhagic uveitis

Answer: Red

Flashcard 111: Pannus in _____ is progressive infiltration occurs ahead of vascularization.

Answer: trachoma

Flashcard 112: _____ dystrophy is the least common corneal dystrophy

Answer: Macular

Flashcard 113: Causes of interstitial keratitis: (Think granulomatous diseases, protozoal, mycobacterial)_____

Answer:

Flashcard 114: Bilateral whorl-like corneal pattern of cream coloured lines on cornea is seen in _____

Answer: Vortex Keratopathy

Flashcard 115: What is the most common corneal degeneration?_____

Answer: Arcus senilis

Flashcard 116: Corneas tend to be slightly _____ just after a person awakes in the morning

Answer: thicker

Flashcard 117: _____ is used for the intermediate-term preservation of cornea, up to 30 days

Answer: Modified Eagle's medium

Flashcard 118: _____ is used for the intermediate-term preservation of cornea, up to 7-14 days

Answer: Chondroitin sulfate or Organ culture medium

Flashcard 119: _____ eyedrops is the drug of choice for uncomplicated filamentous fungal keratitis, without intraocular or anterior chamber extension

Answer: Natamycin

Flashcard 120: Which layer of the cornea is most metabolically active?_____

Answer: Endothelium

Flashcard 121: Progressive atrophy of _____ is a clinical entity of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE).

Answer: iris stroma

Flashcard 122: Corneal rejection is said to be _____ when an elevated level of epithelium is noticed

Answer: epithelial

Flashcard 123: The corneal layer involved in Meesman's dystrophy is _____

Answer: epithelium

Flashcard 124: Deep stromal corneal _____ is a frequent finding associated with X-linked recessive Ichthyosis

Answer: opacity

Flashcard 125: Herbert's pits are a _____ sign of trachoma

Answer: corneal

Flashcard 126: The following result on Placido disk test will be seen in _____

Answer: keratoconus

Flashcard 127: _____ is a form of corneal opacity that involves only the bowman's membrane

Answer: Nebula

Flashcard 128: _____ is a pathological condition in which small vesicles, or bullae, are formed in the epithelial layer of cornea

Answer: Bullous keratopathy

Flashcard 129: The young adult endothelial cell density is about _____ cells/mm2

Answer: 3000

Flashcard 130: _____ in Rose bengal staining indicates severe KCS

Answer: Confluent pattern (A)

Flashcard 131: What is the definitive treatment of keratoconus?_____

Answer: Penetrating keratoplasty

Flashcard 132: _____ layer is the middle layer of the tear film

Answer: Aqueous

Flashcard 133: In hererochromia _____, one sector of the iris differs from the other, i.e different color of sectors of the same iris

Answer: iridis

Flashcard 134: _____ is the most common cause of peripheral ulcerative keratitis

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis

Flashcard 135: Which stain is used to identify Schnyder's crystalline dystrophy of the cornea?_____

Answer: Oil red-O

Flashcard 136: An inter eye difference of tear osmolarity _____ mOsm/L indicates tear film instability.

Answer: >8

Flashcard 137: Treatment of band-shaped keratopathy is chelation with _____

Answer: ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA).

Flashcard 138: Neurotrophic keratitis is a feature of _____ herpes simplex

Answer: secondary (primary/secondary)

Flashcard 139: The corneal layer involved in Lisch's epithelial dystrophy is _____

Answer: epithelium

Flashcard 140: _____ is the clear cornea between limbus and arcus senilis (gerontoxon)

Answer: Lucid interval of Vogt

Flashcard 141: _____ test is used to detect abnormal corneal surface

Answer: Placido s disc

Flashcard 142: _____ corneal ulcer is caused by trauma with vegetative or organic matter.

Answer: Fungal

Flashcard 143: In a normal eye, schirmer test gets wet >_____ mm.

Answer: 15

Flashcard 144: Anterior segment _____ is used to assess different corneal layers

Answer: ocular coherence tomography

Flashcard 145: Which corneal dystrophy is considered as a localized form of amyloidosis?_____

Answer: Lattice dystrophy and Gelatinous drop-like dystrophy

Flashcard 146: _____ is a method of imaging the cornea by projecting a series of concentric rings of light on the anterior surface.

Answer: Corneal topography

Flashcard 147: _____ keratitis can cause non-sterile hypopyon.

Answer: Fungal

Flashcard 148: Which stain is used to identify lattice dystrophy of the cornea?_____

Answer: Congo-red

Flashcard 149: Which layers of cornea have regenerative potential?_____

Answer: Epithelium and descemet's membrane

Flashcard 150: Corneal _____ is used to measure corneal curvature, shape, and thickness

Answer: topography

Flashcard 151: Which stain is used to identify gelatinous drop like dystrophy of the cornea?_____

Answer: Congo red

Flashcard 152: Stage _____ of WHO grading of Vitamin A deficiency corresponds to Corneal scar

Answer: XS

Flashcard 153: Peripheral _____ can be combined with excision for rx of pterygium if the lesion is deep

Answer: lamellar keratoplasty

Flashcard 154: Stage _____ of WHO grading of Vitamin A deficiency corresponds to Corneal ulceration/ Keratomalacia affecting rd of the corneal surface

Answer: X3A

Flashcard 155: Which stain is used to identify granular dystrophy of the cornea?_____

Answer: Masson's trichrome

Flashcard 156: _____ reflex in retinoscopy is seen in keratoconus

Answer: Scissoring

Flashcard 157: Which corneal dystrophy presents with corectopia?_____

Answer: Posterior polymorphous dystrophy

Flashcard 158: _____ is used for the short-term preservation of cornea, up to 48-72 hours

Answer: MK medium

Flashcard 159: Complete turnover of corneal epithelial cells occurs in about _____ days.

Answer: 7 10

Flashcard 160: _____ in Rose bengal staining indicates mild KCS

Answer: Fine punctate pattern (C)

Flashcard 161: Peripheral guttata are seen in old age, also called as _____ bodies.

Answer: Hassall Henle

Flashcard 162: What is the refractive error seen with keratoconus?_____

Answer: Myopia with irregular astigmatism

Flashcard 163: Critical density of endothelium is _____ cells/mm2

Answer: 500

Flashcard 164: _____ test measures the tear production according to the length of colour change in the thread

Answer: Phenol red

Flashcard 165: _____ layer helps in spreading the tear film over the ocular surface

Answer: Mucin

Flashcard 166: The corneal layer involved in Reis Buckler dystrophy is _____ membrane.

Answer: Bowman s

Flashcard 167: Corneal ulcer when stained with fluorescein and examined with cobalt blue light, appears _____.

Answer: opaque green

Flashcard 168: Topical _____ is a treatment option for Mooren's ulcer

Answer: cyclosporine 1%

Flashcard 169: Arcus senilis/_____ is an age related _____ degeneration of cornea.

Answer: gerontoxon; lipid

Flashcard 170: Arcus senilis/_____ is an age related _____ degeneration of cornea.

Answer: gerontoxon; lipid

Flashcard 171: _____ -> _____ -> _____ is the best order of staining for ocular surface examination

Answer: Fluorescein; Rose Bengal; Lisssamine green

Flashcard 172: _______ eyedrops is the drug of choice for uncomplicated filamentous fungal keratitis, without intraocular or anterior chamber extension

Answer: Natamycin