Brain Metabolism and Ketone Bodies — Flashcards

Which metabolic pathways require an obligate activator? 1. _____2. Urea cycle

RBCs and the _____ cannot utilize ketone bodies.

After three days of starvation, the main source of energy for the brain becomes _____ from adipose stores

Increased NADH/NAD+ (e.g. due to ethanol) causes decreased TCA activity, thus increasing utilization of acetyl-CoA for _____ and lipogenesis

_____ deficiency causes a buildup of pyruvate that gets shunted to lactate (via LDH) and alanine (via ALT)

Effect of diabetes on hepatic glycolysis: no answer _____ - No PFK-2 due to lack of insulin - No glucose trapping in liver leads to elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia)

Increased NADH/NAD+ (e.g. due to ethanol) causes increased conversion of _____ -> malate, thus preventing gluconeogenesis

Glucagon acts on the _____ (primarily) and adipose tissue

Glucagon causes _____ fatty acid synthesis and increased lipolysis, which shunts substrates towards gluconeogenesis