Pelvis and Perineum Indian Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Pelvis and Perineum with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Pelvis and Perineum Flashcard Deck - 134 Cards
Flashcard 1: Identify the type of hymen: _____
Answer: Virginal
Flashcard 2: In a _____ pelvis, the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the inlet is greater than the transverse diameter, resulting in an oval with large sacrosciatic notches
Answer: anthropoid
Flashcard 3: The _____ and penile urethra are at risk of damage with perineal straddle injuries
Answer: bulbar
Flashcard 4: The mucosal fold running from the _____ to the ureteric orifice is called the Bell's bar
Answer: uvula vesicae
Flashcard 5: The _____ are contained in the cardinal ligament, which themselves are formed via anterior division of the internal iliac arteries
Answer: uterine arteries
Flashcard 6: _____ muscle lies between the internal anal sphincter and the external anal sphincter and is the continuation of the outer longitudinal muscle of the rectum
Answer: Conjoint longitudinal
Flashcard 7: The _____ is a mucosal fold between the two ureteric orifices
Answer: Mercier's bar
Flashcard 8: The _____ and puborectalis parts of the levator ani help maintain the tone of the rectum as well as create the anorectal angle.
Answer: pubococcygeus
Flashcard 9: The _____ zone of the prostate primarily surrounds the urethra.
Answer: transition
Flashcard 10: _____ ligament is also called Cooper's ligament
Answer: Pectineal
Flashcard 11: Tributaries of common iliac vein:_____Iliolumbar veinLateral sacral veins (occasionally)
Answer: Median sacral veins
Flashcard 12: Tributaries of internal iliac vein: (think of all the pelvic structures) _____ :ButtInternal pudendal vein :Dick and vagObturator vein ?Lateral sacral veins (usually) SacralMiddle rectal vein :AssholeVesical veins :BladderUterine and vaginal veins :Gynec
Answer: Superior and inferior gluteal veins
Flashcard 13: The _____ zone of the prostate primarily surrounds the pre-prostatic urethra.
Answer: peripheral
Flashcard 14: In females, the ureters pass _____ the uterine artery
Answer: under
Flashcard 15: Boundaries of perineum:Anteriorly: _____ and its arcuate ligament.Posteriorly: CoccyxAnterolaterally: Ischiopubic rami and the ischial tuberosities.Posterolaterally: Sacrotuberous ligaments
Answer: Pubic symphysis
Flashcard 16: Tributaries of external iliac vein:_____Deep circumex iliac veinPubic vein
Answer: Inferior epigastric vein
Flashcard 17: The sigmoid mesocolon contains _____ vessels and superior rectal vessels.
Answer: sigmoid
Flashcard 18: Lymphatic drainage of the uterus is primarily to the _____ and internal and external iliac nodes
Answer: obturator
Flashcard 19: Laterally the vagina is related to: _____ ligament, levator ani muscle and bartholin gland
Answer: Mackenrodts
Flashcard 20: Boundaries of the ischioanal fossa:Anterior: Posterior border of _____Posterior: Gluteus maximus muscle, Sacrotuberous ligamentLateral: Ischial tuberosity, Obturator internusMedial: Sphincter ani externus and Pelvic diaphragm (levator ani).
Answer: perineal membrane
Flashcard 21: The rectosigmoid junction (sudeck point) is a watershed region supplied by the last sigmoid arterial branch from the _____ and the superior rectal artery
Answer: IMA
Flashcard 22: In males, the ureters pass _____ the vas deferens
Answer: under
Flashcard 23: The _____ connects the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes to the pelvic side wall
Answer: broad ligament
Flashcard 24: The _____ connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis
Answer: Cardinal ligament
Flashcard 25: The _____ artery gives rise to the azygous arteries of the vagina.
Answer: internal iliac
Flashcard 26: _____ muscle is the submucosal muscle of the anal canal and is attached to the conjoint longitudinal muscle by the Park's ligament.
Answer: Treitz's
Flashcard 27: The angle of _____ is formed between the long axis of the cervix and the body of the uterus
Answer: anteflexion
Flashcard 28: Which structures pass through both greater and lesser sciatic foramen?P: _____I: Internal Pudendal vesselsN: Nerve to obturator internus
Answer: Pudendal Nerve
Flashcard 29: The contents of the mesorectum are:_____superior rectal veinlymphatic vessels and nodes
Answer: superior rectal artery
Flashcard 30: Vagina, in addition to vaginal artery, also receives blood supply from _____, internal pudendal, and middle rectal branches of the internal iliac artery
Answer: uterine
Flashcard 31: The _____ anatomically includes the skin and mucosa of the female genitalia external to the hymen (labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, and vestibule)
Answer: vulva
Flashcard 32: The _____ connects the ovaries to the lateral pelvic wall
Answer: Infundibulopelvic Ligament
Flashcard 33: The angle of _____ is formed between the long axis of the cervix and the long axis of the vagina
Answer: anteversion
Flashcard 34: The Sampsons artery gives rise to _____ arteryradialbasalspiral and straight arterioles
Answer: arcuate
Flashcard 35: Contents of the broad ligament:Superiorly: Fallopian tubeAnteriorly: Round ligamentPosterior fold: _____Vestigial structures of Wolffian body epoophoron and paroophoronVestigial structure of Wolffian duct Gartner s ductUreter (in lower part)Uterine and Ovarian vesselsPelvic nervesParametrial lymph nodePelvic cellular tissue condensed to form Mackenrodt s ligamentInfundibulopelvic ligament
Answer: Ovarian ligament
Flashcard 36: The _____ part of the male urethra appears crescentric in transverse section.
Answer: prostatic
Flashcard 37: A _____ suprapubic angle (90 degrees) is seen in females
Answer: wide
Flashcard 38: The levator ani forms a large portion of the pelvic floor. It is composed of three separate paired muscles:_____PuborectalisIliococcygeus
Answer: Pubococcygeus
Flashcard 39: Ducts of Bartholin glands open in the groove between the hymen and the labia minora at approximately _____ and 7 o clock positions
Answer: 5
Flashcard 40: The _____ connects the uterine horn (fundus) to the anterior part of labia majora
Answer: round ligament of the uterus
Flashcard 41: In a _____ pelvis, the anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the inlet is lesser than the transverse diameter, resulting in an oval with large sacrosciatic notches
Answer: platypelloid
Flashcard 42: In a _____ broad ligament fibroid, the uterine vessels lie lateral to it.
Answer: false
Flashcard 43: The vulva is bound anteriorly by the _____ and posteriorly by perineum
Answer: mons pubis
Flashcard 44: The myometrium of the uterus consists of outer _____, inner circular layer and a middle interlacing layer also called living ligature
Answer: longitudinal
Flashcard 45: In an anterior urethral injury, if the _____ is torn, urine can leak into the superficial perineal space
Answer: Buck Fascia
Flashcard 46: The hymen is most commonly torn _____ or posteriorly.
Answer: posterolaterally
Flashcard 47: In a _____ broad ligament fibroid, the uterine vessels lie medial to it.
Answer: true
Flashcard 48: The _____ and pre-prostatic part of the male urethra appears stellate in transverse section.
Answer: membranous
Flashcard 49: Anal _____ are described as tears in the anal mucosa below the pectinate line
Answer: fissures
Flashcard 50: An imaginary line joining the _____ (the inter-ischial line) divides the perineum into an anterior urogenital triangle and a posterior anal triangle.
Answer: ischial tuberosities
Flashcard 51: The vestibule has 4 openings: urethra, vaginal, _____ glands and ducts of paraurethral glands
Answer: bartholin
Flashcard 52: Medially, the fibres of the iliopubic tract insert by a broad attachment into the _____ and pectineal line, behind the conjoint tendon.
Answer: pubic tubercle
Flashcard 53: _____ is a short peritoneal fold which attaches the ovary to the back of the broad ligament.
Answer: Mesovarium
Flashcard 54: The _____ connects the medial pole of the ovary to the lateral uterus
Answer: ovarian ligament
Flashcard 55: The _____ nerve can be blocked with local anesthetic during childbirth / minor surgeries of the vagina and perineum using the ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament as landmarks for injection
Answer: pudendal
Flashcard 56: The _____ zone of the prostate primarily surrounds the ejaculatory ducts.
Answer: central
Flashcard 57: A _____ and narrow plevis is seen in males
Answer: high
Flashcard 58: The fascia of _____ is involved in forming the Alcock's (pudendal) canal.
Answer: obturator internus
Flashcard 59: _____ transverse mucosal folds (also known as Houston's valves) are commonly present in the rectum.
Answer: Three
Flashcard 60: The _____ nerve (S2-S4 (nerve roots)) provides:- sensory innervation to the perineum - motor innervation to the external urethral and anal sphincters
Answer: pudendal
Flashcard 61: Ten muscles of the perineum converge and interlace in the perineal body.Two unpaired: Fibres of _____ of anal canal and fibres from External anal sphincterFour paired: Bulbospongiosus, Superficial and Deep transverse perenei, and Levator ani
Answer: longitudinal muscle coat
Flashcard 62: _____ ganglion are fibers of uterovaginal plexus which supply the Uterus
Answer: Frankenhauser
Flashcard 63: Where does the internal urethral orifice lie at adulthood?_____
Answer: 3-4cm behind lower border of symphysis pubis
Flashcard 64: Prostatic ducts open into the _____ in the prostatic urethra.
Answer: prostatic sinus
Flashcard 65: The _____ lobe of the prostate forms the uvula vesicae.
Answer: median
Flashcard 66: The round ligament ends at the _____ end of labia majora
Answer: anterior (anterior/posterior)
Flashcard 67: The _____ is a midline ridge in the posterior wall of the prostatic urethra.
Answer: urethral crest
Flashcard 68: _____ is the collective name for external female genitalia and perineum
Answer: Vulva
Flashcard 69: Bulbourethral glands are a content of the _____ perineal pouch
Answer: deep (superficial/deep)
Flashcard 70: The lower part of the ovarian plexus is formed from branches of the superior and inferior _____ plexuses
Answer: hypogastric
Flashcard 71: Which artery supplies the glans penis and corpus spongiosum of the penis?_____
Answer: Bulbourethral and Dorsal artery (2)
Flashcard 72: Which blood vessels are cut in episiotomy?_____
Answer: Internal pudendal
Flashcard 73: Perineal body, perineal membrane, and superficial and deep perineal muscles are a part of level _____ of DeLancey's levels of support
Answer: 3
Flashcard 74: Angle of anteflexion is _____ degrees
Answer: 120
Flashcard 75: Contraction of _____ leads to the occlusion of vaginal canal, urethral and rectal lumen.
Answer: levator ani (muscle)
Flashcard 76: Perineum, vulva, lower vagina are innervated by spinal segments _____
Answer: S2-S4
Flashcard 77: Outer two-thirds of fallopian tubes are innervated by spinal segments _____
Answer: T9-T10
Flashcard 78: Upper vagina, cervix, lower uterine segment are innervated by spinal segments _____
Answer: S2-S4
Flashcard 79: The circular cervical artery is a branch of the _____ artery
Answer: uterine
Flashcard 80: A _____ body of pubis indicates a male pelvis
Answer: triangular
Flashcard 81: The triangular space bounded by clitoris, labia minora and fourchette is _____
Answer: vestibule
Flashcard 82: Thrombophlebitis may involve _____ venous plexus in males
Answer: periprostatic
Flashcard 83: In a _____ pelvis, the posterior sagittal diameter of the inlet is much shorter than the anterior sagittal diameter
Answer: android
Flashcard 84: Ischial spines are prominent seen in _____ pelvis
Answer: android
Flashcard 85: The _____ division of the internal iliac artery gives rise to the internal pudendal artery
Answer: anterior
Flashcard 86: What is the primary blood supply of seminal vesicles?_____
Answer: Vesiculo-deferential artery
Flashcard 87: Space of _____ is the other name for Prevesicle or Retropubic space
Answer: Retzius
Flashcard 88: During defecation, the contraction of _____ widens the anal lumen
Answer: longitudinal muscle
Flashcard 89: The ureteric artery is a branch of the _____ artery
Answer: uterine
Flashcard 90: What structures pass through lesser sciatic foramen apart form the PIN structures?_____
Answer: Tendon of obturator internus
Flashcard 91: The ureter lies between the uterine artery above and the _____ below, while passing through the ureteric canal through the Mackenrodt's ligament
Answer: uterine plexus of veins
Flashcard 92: The narrowest and shortest part of fallopian tube is _____
Answer: interstitium
Flashcard 93: Anteversion of uterus is at the level of _____ os
Answer: external
Flashcard 94: Most common location of anal fissure is _____ midline.
Answer: posterior
Flashcard 95: Which artery supplies the bulb of the penis?_____
Answer: Bulbourethral artery
Flashcard 96: Identify the type of hymen: _____
Answer: Virginal
Flashcard 97: An anorectal abscess originates from an infection arising in the _____ epithelium lining the anal canal.
Answer: cryptoglandular
Flashcard 98: In a _____ pelvis, the posterior sagittal diameter of the inlet is only slightly shorter than the anterior sagittal diameter
Answer: gynecoid
Flashcard 99: The levator ani muscle arises from condensations of the _____ fascia which forms the tendinous arch of the levator ani.
Answer: obturator
Flashcard 100: Sacral index is _____ in females compared to males
Answer: greater
Flashcard 101: Uterine fundus, proximal fallopian tubes, broad ligament are innervated by spinal segments _____
Answer: T12-L1
Flashcard 102: A gracile and smooth morphology is a feature of the _____ pelvis
Answer: female (sex)
Flashcard 103: The presacral space contains superior and inferior _____ plexus
Answer: hypogastric
Flashcard 104: Ishiopubic index is _____ in females compared to males
Answer: greater
Flashcard 105: _____ or exocervix is the other name for vaginal part of cervix of uterus
Answer: Portio vaginalis
Flashcard 106: Convergent sidewalls are seen in _____ pelvis
Answer: android
Flashcard 107: Diameter of engagement is transverse in _____ pelvis
Answer: platypelloid
Flashcard 108: Which part of the urethra is encircled by the external sphincter?_____
Answer: Membranous urethra
Flashcard 109: Labia majora lie on either side and join posteriorly to form the _____
Answer: posterior commissure
Flashcard 110: Bulbourethral glands are a component of the _____ perineal pouch
Answer: deep
Flashcard 111: The pelvis in general and the _____ in particular have long been regarded as the best sources of information for determining the sex.
Answer: pubis
Flashcard 112: Anteflexion of uterus is at the level of _____.
Answer: Internal os
Flashcard 113: Urogenital diaphragm is also known as _____ ligament
Answer: triangular
Flashcard 114: Subpubic angle is very wide (more than 90) in a _____ pelvis
Answer: platypelloid
Flashcard 115: Pubocervical fascia anteriorly and rectovaginal fascia and septum posteriorly are a part of level _____ of DeLancey's levels of support
Answer: 2
Flashcard 116: Identify the type of hymen: _____
Answer: Cribriform
Flashcard 117: Posterior part of the vestibule between the fourchette and the vaginal opening is called "_____"
Answer: fossa navicularis
Flashcard 118: Contraction of the _____ muscle expresses Bartholin gland secretions
Answer: bulbospongiosus
Flashcard 119: Round ligaments receive their blood supply from "_____ artery" which represents the anastomosis of the uterine artery and ovarian artery
Answer: Sampson
Flashcard 120: Posteriorly the vagina is related to PAP structures:_____
Answer: Pouch of Douglas, Ampulla of rectum and perineal body
Flashcard 121: Which artery gives rise to helicine arteries of the penis?_____
Answer: Deep artery of the penis
Flashcard 122: Waldeyer's fascia connects _____ to _____.
Answer: Rectum to sacrum
Flashcard 123: Buck's fascia encloses _____ and _____ in males.
Answer: Corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
Flashcard 124: The deep perineal space contains _____ in males and _____ in females.
Answer: Membranous urethra; lower 1/3rd of vagina
Flashcard 125: The watershed line of Scheitel lies _____ cm above the anal valves.
Answer: 1.5 cm
Flashcard 126: The sacrospinous ligament divides the _____ notch into greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
Answer: Greater sciatic notch
Flashcard 127: Levator ani takes origin from _____ (anterior), _____ (lateral), and _____ (posterior).
Answer: Pubis, obturator fascia, ischial spine
Flashcard 128: The pudendal canal (Alcock's) is formed by _____ fascia.
Answer: Obturator fascia
Flashcard 129: Loss of sensation over the anterior surface of the _____ is associated with injury to Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Answer: scrotum
Flashcard 130: The round ligament receives its blood supply from the _____ artery.
Answer: Sampson's
Flashcard 131: Levator ani muscle takes its origin from the body of the _____, the arcus tendinous of the levator ani (a thickened part of the _____ fascia), and the _____ spine.
Answer: pubis; obturator; ischial
Flashcard 132: Levator Ani takes its origin from the body of the _____, the arcus tendinous of the levator ani (a thickened part of the obturator fascia), and the _____.
Answer: pubis; ischial spine
Flashcard 133: The lower third of the rectum is separated by the following:from the prostate or vagina anteriorly - by _____ fasciafrom the coccyx and lower two sacral vertebrae- by _____ fascia
Answer: Denonvilliers ; Waldeyer s
Flashcard 134: The glans penis drains into the _____ lymph nodes whereas, the rest of the penis drains into the _____ lymph nodes.
Answer: deep inguinal; superficial
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