New Antimicrobial Development — MCQs

Antimicrobial combinations are used in all except

Which class of antibiotics is primarily inactivated by extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)?

Which of the following drugs does not inhibit bacterial protein synthesis?

Targeted critical agents used in a bioterrorist event are except?

A 65-year-old male underwent emergency laparotomy for perforated duodenal ulcer 5 days ago. He now develops fever (38.5°C), productive cough, and increased oxygen requirement. Chest X-ray shows a new right lower lobe infiltrate. Gram stain of endotracheal aspirate shows Gram-negative bacilli, and culture grows lactose-fermenting colonies that are oxidase-negative and produce a metallic sheen on EMB agar. The isolate is resistant to ampicillin and third-generation cephalosporins but sensitive to cefoxitin (a cephamycin). Resistance is inhibited by clavulanic acid in disk synergy testing. The isolate is also resistant to fluoroquinolones, but sensitive to carbapenems and colistin. What is the most likely mechanism of antibiotic resistance in this organism?

A cluster of pneumonia cases is reported from a city with high mortality rate. Sputum cultures show gram-negative coccobacilli resistant to multiple antibiotics including carbapenems. Gene sequencing reveals blaNDM-1. What is the most critical factor contributing to this emerging resistance?

Enzyme inactivation is the main mode of resistance to which class of antibiotics?

Which of the following is true regarding Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

In multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis is resistant to which combination of first-line drugs?

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase enzyme confers resistance to which antibiotic class?