Anxiety

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 1: A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a chief complaint of being assaulted on the street. The patient claims that he has been followed by the government for quite some time and that he was assaulted by a government agent but was able to escape. He often hears voices telling him to hide. The patient has an unknown past medical history and admits to smoking marijuana frequently. On physical exam, the patient has no signs of trauma. When interviewing the patient, he is seen conversing with an external party that is not apparent to you. The patient states that he is afraid for his life and that agents are currently pursuing him. What is the best initial response to this patient’s statement?

• A. I think you are safe from the agents here.
• B. You have a mental disorder but don’t worry we will help you.
• C. I don’t think any agents are pursuing you.
• D. What medications are you currently taking?
• E. It sounds like you have been going through some tough experiences lately. (Correct Answer)

Anxiety Explanation: ***It sounds like you have been going through some tough experiences lately.*** - This response **acknowledges the patient's distress** and experience without validating or refuting their delusional beliefs. - It helps establish **rapport** and encourages the patient to share more about their symptoms, which is crucial for assessment in a psychiatric emergency. *I think you are safe from the agents here.* - While intended to reassure, directly addressing the delusion can be perceived as dismissive and may **escalate the patient's paranoia** or agitation. - It does not validate their *feelings* of fear, which are real to them, even if the source is delusional. *You have a mental disorder but don’t worry we will help you.* - This statement is **confrontational** and judgmental, labeling the patient immediately with a diagnosis. - This approach can cause the patient to become defensive, shut down, or feel stigmatized, making further assessment and trust-building very difficult in the **initial interaction**. *I don’t think any agents are pursuing you.* - Directly **challenging a patient's delusion** is generally unhelpful in acute settings and can lead to increased agitation. - It invalidates their subjective reality and can make them feel misunderstood or distrustful of the healthcare provider. *What medications are you currently taking?* - While important information, asking about medications is too premature as an *initial response* to a patient expressing severe paranoia and fear. - This question comes across as dismissive of their current emotional state and **prioritizes medical history over emotional support** and rapport-building.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 2: A 48-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her family at her psychiatrist's recommendation. According to her family, she has been more restless than her baseline over the past week. The patient herself complains that she feels her mind is racing. Her past medical history is significant for bipolar disorder on lithium and type 1 diabetes mellitus. The family and the patient both assert that the patient has been taking her medications. She denies any recent illness or sick contacts. The patient's temperature is 100°F (37.8°C), blood pressure is 100/60 mmHg, pulse is 130/min, and respirations are 20/min. She appears diaphoretic, and her cardiac exam is notable for an irregularly irregular rhythm with a 2/6 early systolic murmur. Blood counts and metabolic panel are within normal limits. The patient's lithium level is within therapeutic range. Which of the following laboratory tests would be the most useful to include in the evaluation of this patient?

• A. Thyroglobulin level
• B. Thyroid stimulating hormone and total thyroxine levels
• C. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test
• D. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels
• E. Thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels (Correct Answer)

Anxiety Explanation: ***Thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels*** - This patient presents with symptoms highly suggestive of **hyperthyroidism**, including **restlessness**, **tachycardia** (pulse 130/min), **diaphoresis**, and a **racing mind**. These symptoms, particularly in a patient on lithium (which can induce thyroid dysfunction), necessitate a thorough thyroid evaluation. - While total T4 can be influenced by protein binding, **free T4** is the active form of the hormone and provides a more accurate assessment of thyroid status, along with **TSH** as the primary screening test. *Thyroglobulin level* - **Thyroglobulin** is primarily used as a tumor marker in the follow-up of patients treated for differentiated thyroid cancer to detect recurrence. - It is not a primary diagnostic test for hyperthyroidism and would not be the most useful initial test in this scenario. *Thyroid stimulating hormone and total thyroxine levels* - While TSH and total T4 are used, **total T4** levels can be affected by changes in **thyroid-binding globulin (TBG)**, which can be altered by various conditions or medications (e.g., estrogen, liver disease). - Therefore, **free thyroxine** provides a more accurate reflection of thyroid function than total thyroxine. *Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test* - A **TRH stimulation test** is primarily used to investigate subtle abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, often when other thyroid function tests are equivocal. - It is not a first-line diagnostic test for overt hyperthyroidism and would be overly complex for initial evaluation of this patient's symptoms. *Triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels* - While T3 and T4 levels are part of thyroid function assessment, specifying **free thyroxine** versus total thyroxine is crucial for accuracy. - **Free T4** levels, along with TSH, are generally the most informative initial tests for diagnosing conditions like hyperthyroidism.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 3: An 18-year-old man presents to the student health department at his university for recurrent palpitations. The patient had previously presented to the emergency department (ED) for sudden onset palpitations five months ago when he first started college. He had a negative cardiac workup in the ED and he was discharged with a 24-hour Holter monitor which was also negative. He has no history of any medical or psychiatric illnesses. The patient reports that since his initial ED visit, he has had several episodes of unprovoked palpitations associated with feelings of dread and lightheadedness though he cannot identify a particular trigger. Recently, he has begun sitting towards the back of the lecture halls so that he can “quickly escape and not make a scene” in case he gets an episode in class. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

• A. Social phobia
• B. Specific phobia
• C. Adjustment disorder
• D. Panic disorder (Correct Answer)
• E. Somatic symptom disorder

Anxiety Explanation: ***Panic disorder*** - The patient experiences **recurrent, unprovoked panic attacks** characterized by palpitations, feelings of dread, and lightheadedness, which align with the diagnostic criteria for panic disorder. - His behavior of sitting at the back of lecture halls to "quickly escape" indicates **avoidance behaviors** and **anticipatory anxiety** related to potential future attacks, a hallmark of panic disorder. *Social phobia* - This condition is characterized by **fear or anxiety about social situations** where the individual might be scrutinized or judged, which is not the primary driver of the patient's symptoms or avoidance behavior. - While he avoids public situations, his motivation is fear of a panic attack, not fear of social judgment. *Specific phobia* - This involves an **intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation** (e.g., heights, spiders, flying), which does not fit the generalized, unprovoked nature of the patient's panic attacks. - The patient's symptoms are not tied to a single, clearly defined phobic stimulus. *Adjustment disorder* - This diagnosis is typically made when individuals experience **emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor**, arising within three months of the onset of the stressor. - While starting college is a stressor, the patient's panic attacks are recurrent and unprovoked, evolving into a pattern beyond a typical adjustment response, and he has a negative cardiac workup. *Somatic symptom disorder* - This involves **distressing somatic symptoms accompanied by excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptoms**, such as disproportionate thoughts about the seriousness of one's symptoms or high levels of anxiety about health. - Although the patient experiences physical symptoms (palpitations), the presence of clear panic attacks, dread, and avoidance behavior points more specifically to panic disorder rather than a primary focus on the somatic symptoms themselves.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 4: An epidemiologist is evaluating the efficacy of Noxbinle in preventing HCC deaths at the population level. A clinical trial shows that over 5 years, the mortality rate from HCC was 25% in the control group and 15% in patients treated with Noxbinle 100 mg daily. Based on this data, how many patients need to be treated with Noxbinle 100 mg to prevent, on average, one death from HCC?

• A. 20
• B. 73
• C. 10 (Correct Answer)
• D. 50
• E. 100

Anxiety Explanation: ***10*** - The **number needed to treat (NNT)** is calculated by first finding the **absolute risk reduction (ARR)**. - **ARR** = Risk in control group - Risk in treatment group = 25% - 15% = **10%** (or 0.10). - **NNT = 1 / ARR** = 1 / 0.10 = **10 patients**. - This means that **10 patients must be treated with Noxbinle to prevent one death from HCC** over 5 years. *20* - This would result from an ARR of 5% (1/0.05 = 20), which is not supported by the data. - May arise from miscalculating the risk difference or incorrectly halving the actual ARR. *73* - This value does not correspond to any standard calculation of NNT from the given mortality rates. - May result from confusion with other epidemiological measures or calculation error. *50* - This would correspond to an ARR of 2% (1/0.02 = 50), which significantly underestimates the actual risk reduction. - Could result from incorrectly calculating the difference as a proportion rather than absolute percentage points. *100* - This would correspond to an ARR of 1% (1/0.01 = 100), grossly underestimating the treatment benefit. - May result from confusing ARR with relative risk reduction or other calculation errors.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 5: A 33-year-old woman presents with lethargy and neck pain. She says that, for the past 6 months, she has been feeling tired all the time and has noticed a lot of muscle tension around the base of her neck. She also says she finds herself constantly worrying about everything, such as if her registered mail would reach family and friends in time for the holidays or if the children got their nightly bath while she was away over the weekend. She says that this worrying has prevented her from sleeping at night and has made her more irritable and edgy with her family and friends. Which of the following is the best course of treatment for this patient?

• A. Support groups
• B. A vacation
• C. Diazepam
• D. Family therapy
• E. Buspirone (Correct Answer)

Anxiety Explanation: ***Buspirone*** - **Buspirone** is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic agent. It is often preferred for long-term management of **generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)** due to its favorable side effect profile and lack of dependence potential, addressing the patient's chronic symptoms effectively. - Unlike benzodiazepines, buspirone does not cause sedation or withdrawal symptoms, making it suitable for a patient experiencing prolonged anxiety, sleep disturbances, and irritability. *Support groups* - While **support groups** can provide emotional support and coping strategies, they are typically used as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy, not as a primary standalone treatment for moderate to severe GAD. - This patient's symptoms (lethargy, significant muscle tension, chronic worrying, sleep disturbance) suggest a need for a more direct pharmacological intervention to alleviate her symptoms. *A vacation* - A vacation might offer temporary relief from stress but will not address the underlying physiological and psychological components of her **generalized anxiety disorder**. - Her chronic and pervasive worrying, along with physical symptoms, indicates a need for sustained medical management. *Diazepam* - **Diazepam** is a benzodiazepine that provides rapid, short-term relief from anxiety, but it is generally not recommended for long-term management due to the risks of **dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms**, especially in a patient with chronic symptoms. - Given the patient's 6-month history of symptoms, a medication with a better long-term safety profile is preferred. *Family therapy* - **Family therapy** could be beneficial if family dynamics are a significant contributor to her stress or if her symptoms are impacting family relationships negatively. However, it does not directly address the primary diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder with its constellation of chronic symptoms. - While it may provide some support, it is not the initial best course of treatment for the patient's core anxiety symptoms.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 6: A 35-year-old man comes to the Veterans Affairs hospital because of a 2-month history of anxiety. He recently returned from his third deployment to Iraq, where he served as a combat medic. He has had difficulty readjusting to civilian life. He works as a taxi driver but had to take a leave of absence because of difficulties with driving. Last week, he hit a stop sign because he swerved out of the way of a grocery bag that was in the street. He has difficulty sleeping because of nightmares about the deaths of some of the other soldiers in his unit and states, “it's my fault, I could have saved them. Please help me.” Mental status examination shows a depressed mood and a restricted affect. There is no evidence of suicidal ideation. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in treatment?

• A. Dialectical behavioral therapy
• B. Venlafaxine therapy
• C. Cognitive behavioral therapy (Correct Answer)
• D. Motivational interviewing
• E. Prazosin therapy

Anxiety Explanation: ***Cognitive behavioral therapy*** - **Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)** is considered a first-line psychological treatment for **Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)**, which the patient's symptoms (deployments, intrusive thoughts, nightmares, avoidance, guilt) strongly suggest. - CBT helps individuals identify and challenge **maladaptive thought patterns** and behaviors related to the trauma, fostering new coping mechanisms. *Dialectical behavioral therapy* - **Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)** is primarily used for individuals with **Borderline Personality Disorder** or severe emotional dysregulation. - While it can help with emotional regulation, it is not the **first-line therapy** specifically targeting trauma-related cognitive distortions and avoidance behaviors seen in PTSD. *Venlafaxine therapy* - **Venlafaxine**, an SNRI, is an antidepressant that can be effective for PTSD symptoms. However, current guidelines recommend **psychotherapy (like CBT)** as the initial step, especially when feasible. - While pharmacotherapy can be used, it's typically considered **adjunctive** or for cases where psychotherapy alone is insufficient or not preferred. *Motivational interviewing* - **Motivational interviewing** is a patient-centered counseling style used to address ambivalence and enhance a person's **intrinsic motivation** for change. - It is often utilized in substance abuse treatment or when patients are resistant to treatment, but it is not a primary, standalone treatment for the core symptoms of PTSD. *Prazosin therapy* - **Prazosin** is an alpha-1 antagonist used off-label to treat **PTSD-related nightmares** and sleep disturbances. - While it can be helpful for a specific symptom, it does not address the broader spectrum of PTSD symptoms, such as intrusive thoughts, avoidance, or negative cognitions.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 7: A 30-year-old woman presents to her family doctor requesting sleeping pills. She is a graduate student and confesses that she is a “worry-a-holic,” which has been getting worse for the last 6 months as the due date for her final paper is approaching. During this time, she feels more on edge, irritable, and is having difficulty sleeping. She has already tried employing good sleep hygiene practices, including a switch to non-caffeinated coffee. Her past medical history is significant for depression in the past that was managed medically. No current medications. The patient’s family history is significant for her mother who has a panic disorder. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination reveals a mildly anxious patient but is otherwise normal. Which of the following is the most effective treatment for this patient’s condition?

• A. Buspirone (Correct Answer)
• B. Diazepam
• C. Desensitization therapy
• D. Relaxation training
• E. Bupropion

Anxiety Explanation: ***Buspirone*** - This patient's symptoms of **generalized anxiety** (excessive worry, difficulty sleeping, irritability, on edge for 6 months) without panic attacks or phobias, and a history of depression, make buspirone a suitable choice. - **Buspirone** is a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic that is effective for **generalized anxiety disorder** and has a lower risk of dependence compared to benzodiazepines, making it a good option for chronic use. *Diazepam* - **Diazepam** is a benzodiazepine, primarily used for acute anxiety or short-term management due to its **rapid onset of action**. - Its potential for **dependence and withdrawal symptoms** makes it less ideal for chronic anxiety management, especially in a patient with a predisposition to depression and requesting "sleeping pills". *Desensitization therapy* - **Desensitization therapy** (a form of exposure therapy) is primarily used for **phobias** and **post-traumatic stress disorder**, where specific triggers are identified. - The patient's presentation of generalized, pervasive worry, rather than a fear of specific situations, suggests this would not be the most effective initial treatment. *Relaxation training* - While beneficial as an adjunct, **relaxation training** alone is generally not sufficient as the **most effective monotherapy** for generalized anxiety disorder, especially given the severity and duration of the patient's symptoms. - The patient has already tried **sleep hygiene practices**, indicating that behavioral interventions alone might not be enough to manage her anxiety. *Bupropion* - **Bupropion** is an antidepressant primarily used for **major depressive disorder** and **smoking cessation**. - It is generally **not efficacious for anxiety disorders** and can sometimes exacerbate anxiety due to its stimulating effects.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 8: A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with minor injuries sustained in a motor vehicle accident. He says that he is fine. He also witnessed the death of a teenage girl in the accident who was his sister’s friend. He is able to return to work within a few days. A month later, he presents being withdrawn and increasingly irritable. He says recently he has been experiencing depressed moods and higher anxiety than usual. He says that he feels guilty about the girl’s death, stating that he could have saved her if only he had acted quicker. He adds that he became extremely anxious while driving by a car accident on the freeway recently, and that, even when watching television or a movie, he feels panicked during a car crash scene. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?

• A. Post-traumatic stress disorder (Correct Answer)
• B. Panic disorder
• C. Generalized anxiety disorder
• D. Adjustment disorder
• E. Acute stress disorder

Anxiety Explanation: ***Post-traumatic stress disorder*** - The patient experienced a **traumatic event** (witnessing a fatal accident) and now exhibits characteristic symptoms occurring more than one month after the trauma. - **Re-experiencing symptoms**: Panicking during car crash scenes on TV or when passing accidents (intrusive trauma-related memories triggered by reminders). - **Avoidance**: Social withdrawal may represent avoiding situations or activities related to the trauma. - **Negative alterations in cognition and mood**: Guilt about the girl's death ("could have saved her"), depressed moods. - **Arousal and reactivity symptoms**: Irritability, heightened anxiety, exaggerated startle response (panic when exposed to trauma cues). - These symptoms have persisted for **longer than one month**, distinguishing it from acute stress disorder, and significantly impact his social functioning. *Panic disorder* - Characterized by recurrent, unexpected **panic attacks** (not triggered by specific cues) and persistent worry about future attacks or their consequences. - While the patient experiences panic, it is specifically triggered by **trauma-related cues** (car accidents), not spontaneous attacks, which points to PTSD rather than panic disorder. *Generalized anxiety disorder* - Involves excessive and uncontrollable worry about various events or activities, present for **at least six months**. - The patient's anxiety is clearly linked to a **specific trauma** and has specific triggers (car accidents), rather than the broad, pervasive worry characteristic of GAD. *Adjustment disorder* - Symptoms develop in response to an identifiable stressor but are **less severe** than PTSD and do not meet criteria for another mental disorder. - The patient's symptoms include specific PTSD features (re-experiencing, trauma-specific triggers, persistent guilt) that exceed adjustment disorder severity. - Symptoms typically resolve within **six months** of stressor termination; PTSD symptoms are more persistent. *Acute stress disorder* - Characterized by symptoms similar to PTSD (intrusion, avoidance, negative mood, arousal), but they occur within **three days to one month** of the traumatic event. - The patient's symptoms are reported to be present **one month later** with persistence beyond the one-month mark, thus meeting criteria for PTSD rather than acute stress disorder.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 9: A previously healthy 36-year-old man is brought to the physician by a friend because of fatigue and a depressed mood for the past few weeks. During this time, he has not been going to work and did not show up to meet his friends for two bowling nights. The friend is concerned that he may lose his job. He spends most of his time alone at home watching television on the couch. He has been waking up often at night and sometimes takes 20 minutes to go back to sleep. He has also been drinking half a pint of whiskey per day for 1 week. His wife left him 4 weeks ago and moved out of their house. His vital signs are within normal limits. On mental status examination, he is oriented to person, place and time. He displays a flattened affect and says that he “doesn't know how he can live without his wife.” He denies suicidal ideation. Which of the following is the next appropriate step in management?

• A. Prescribe a short course of alprazolam
• B. Hospitalize the patient
• C. Initiate cognitive behavioral therapy (Correct Answer)
• D. Initiate disulfiram therapy
• E. Prescribe a short course of duloxetine

Anxiety Explanation: ***Initiate cognitive behavioral therapy*** - The patient exhibits features of **adjustment disorder with depressed mood**, characterized by significant distress or impairment in functioning in response to an identifiable stressor (wife leaving). - **Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)** is an effective first-line treatment for adjustment disorders, helping patients develop coping strategies and restructure negative thought patterns. *Prescribe a short course of alprazolam* - **Alprazolam**, a benzodiazepine, can provide temporary relief for anxiety but does not address the underlying issues of adjustment disorder and carries risks of **dependence** and withdrawal. - It would be inappropriate as a sole initial treatment and could exacerbate his **alcohol use**. *Hospitalize the patient* - The patient denies **suicidal ideation** and does not present with acute psychosis or severe impairment that would warrant **hospitalization**. - His orientation and ability to engage in conversation further suggest an outpatient approach is safe and appropriate. *Initiate disulfiram therapy* - **Disulfiram** is used for alcohol dependence to deter drinking, but the patient's current alcohol use is a recent development in response to stress, not necessarily full-blown **alcohol dependence** requiring disulfiram. - Addressing the underlying **adjustment disorder** is the priority, which may in turn reduce his alcohol consumption. *Prescribe a short course of duloxetine* - **Duloxetine** is an antidepressant that is not indicated for **adjustment disorder** as a first-line treatment, especially given the short duration and clear precipitating factor. - **Psychotherapy**, like CBT, is generally the preferred initial intervention for adjustment disorders.

Anxiety US Medical PG Question 10: A 14-year-old girl presents to the pediatrician for behavior issues. The girl has been having difficulty in school as a result. Every time the girl enters her classroom, she feels the urge to touch every wall before heading to her seat. When asked why she does this, she responds, "I'm not really sure. I just can't stop thinking about it until I have touched each wall." The parents have noticed this behavior occasionally at home but were not concerned. The girl is otherwise healthy, has many friends, eats a balanced diet, does not smoke, and is not sexually active. Her temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 117/74 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a healthy young girl. Neurologic exam is unremarkable. There is no observed abnormalities in behavior while the girl is in the office. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in management for this patient?

• A. Cognitive behavioral therapy (Correct Answer)
• B. Lorazepam
• C. Risperidone
• D. Clomipramine
• E. Fluoxetine

Anxiety Explanation: ***Cognitive behavioral therapy*** - This patient exhibits classic symptoms of **obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)**, characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) performed to alleviate anxiety. - **Exposure and response prevention (ERP)**, a component of cognitive behavioral therapy, is the first-line psychosocial treatment for OCD and has strong evidence for its efficacy in both children and adults. *Lorazepam* - **Lorazepam** is a benzodiazepine used for acute anxiety or panic attacks, providing short-term relief. - It is not a primary treatment for OCD and does not address the underlying obsessive-compulsive cycle; long-term use can lead to dependence. *Risperidone* - **Risperidone** is an atypical antipsychotic, primarily used for conditions like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or severe behavioral disturbances. - While sometimes used as an augmentation strategy in refractory OCD, it is not a first-line treatment, especially without prior trials of CBT or SSRIs. *Clomipramine* - **Clomipramine** is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) with potent serotonin reuptake inhibition, making it effective for OCD. - However, due to its less favorable side effect profile compared to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), it is typically reserved for cases where SSRIs are ineffective. *Fluoxetine* - **Fluoxetine** is an SSRI, a first-line pharmacologic treatment for OCD. - While effective, current guidelines recommend starting with **CBT (specifically ERP)** as the initial treatment for mild to moderate OCD, or combining it with medication for more severe cases.

Anxiety Flashcard 1 of 10

Question: If a psychosocial stressor causes continued impairment > 6 months after the stressor ends, it is _____ disorder

Answer: generalized anxiety

Anxiety Flashcard 2 of 10

Question: What is the first-line treatment for agoraphobia? _____

Answer: CBT + SSRIs

Anxiety Flashcard 3 of 10

Question: Anxiety is characterized by _____ serotonin

Answer: decreased

Anxiety Flashcard 4 of 10

Question: People with cluster _____ personality disorders are described as anxious or fearful

Answer: C

Anxiety Flashcard 5 of 10

Question: Specific phobias can be treated with _____ therapy (a form of behavioral therapy)

Answer: systematic desensitization

Anxiety Flashcard 6 of 10

Question: _____ disorder is a phobia characterized by exaggerated fear of embarassment in public situations (e.g. public speaking, using public restrooms)

Answer: Social anxiety

Anxiety Flashcard 7 of 10

Question: What are the first-line pharmacologic treatments (2) for generalized anxiety disorder? _____

Answer: SSRIs or SNRIs

Anxiety Flashcard 8 of 10

Question: anxiety disorder

Answer:

Extra Information: increased: NE decreased: serotonin, GABA 

Anxiety Flashcard 9 of 10

Question: What emotional states are most associated with the locus ceruleus?

Answer: stress, panic

Anxiety Flashcard 10 of 10

Question: Anxiety is characterized by _____ serotonin

Answer: decreased

Extra Information: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neurotransmitter-activity-in-psychiatric-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki