Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Practice Indian Medical PG questions for Crisis Intervention. These multiple choice questions (MCQs) cover important concepts and help you prepare for your exams.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 1: In an accident case, after the arrival of medical team, all should be done in early management except;
- A. Glasgow coma scale
- B. Check BP (Correct Answer)
- C. Stabilization of cervical vertebrae
- D. Check Respiration
Crisis Intervention Explanation: ***Check BP***
- In the **immediate/early management** of trauma (primary survey), while circulation assessment is crucial, the **initial assessment of circulation** focuses on:
- **Pulse rate and quality** (radial, carotid)
- **Capillary refill time**
- **Skin color and temperature**
- **Active hemorrhage control**
- **Formal blood pressure measurement** with a cuff, while important, is typically recorded during or after these rapid initial assessments, as it takes more time to obtain an accurate reading.
- In the context of this question, among the four options listed, BP measurement is relatively less immediate compared to the other life-saving priorities (airway protection, breathing assessment, C-spine stabilization, and GCS).
- **Note:** This is a nuanced distinction - BP is assessed during primary survey, but the other three options have more immediate life-threatening implications if not addressed.
*Glasgow coma scale*
- **GCS assessment** is part of the **"D" (Disability)** step in the ATLS primary survey.
- It is performed early to assess neurological status and level of consciousness.
- GCS <8 indicates need for **definitive airway protection** (intubation).
- This is a critical early assessment that guides immediate management decisions.
*Stabilization of cervical vertebrae*
- **C-spine immobilization** is part of the **"A" (Airway)** step - "Airway with cervical spine protection."
- It is performed **simultaneously** with airway assessment using a **rigid cervical collar**.
- This is the **first priority** in trauma management to prevent secondary spinal cord injury.
- All trauma patients should be assumed to have C-spine injury until proven otherwise.
*Check Respiration*
- **Respiratory assessment** is part of the **"B" (Breathing)** step in the ATLS primary survey.
- This involves checking:
- **Respiratory rate and pattern**
- **Chest wall movement**
- **Air entry bilaterally**
- **Signs of tension pneumothorax or flail chest**
- This is an immediate life-saving priority and must be assessed early.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 2: An old man is diagnosed with major depressive disorder. His son reports that he always shows suicidal tendencies. What is the treatment of choice for depression with suicidal tendencies?
- A. Olanzapine
- B. ECT (Correct Answer)
- C. Mirtazapine
- D. Clozapine
Crisis Intervention Explanation: ***ECT***
- **Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)** is the **treatment of choice** for severe depression with **suicidal ideation** due to its rapid onset of action and high efficacy.
- It is particularly indicated when there is an urgent need for symptom remission to prevent self-harm, as verbal therapies and medications take longer to exert their full effects.
*Olanzapine*
- **Olanzapine** is an **antipsychotic medication** with some antidepressant properties, but it is not the first-line treatment for severe depression with suicidal tendencies.
- It is often used as an **adjunctive treatment** in treatment-resistant depression or in psychotic depression with delusions.
*Mirtazapine*
- **Mirtazapine** is an **antidepressant** that can be very effective in cases of major depressive disorder, especially when insomnia and appetite loss are prominent.
- However, its onset of action is not as rapid as ECT, making it less suitable for situations requiring immediate intervention for **severe suicidal risk**.
*Clozapine*
- **Clozapine** is an **antipsychotic medication** primarily used for **treatment-resistant schizophrenia** and reducing suicidal behavior in schizophrenia.
- It is highly effective but has significant side effects, including **agranulocytosis**, and is not a first-line treatment for major depressive disorder with suicidal tendencies.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 3: Best therapy suited to teach daily life skills to a child with intellectual disability:
- A. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) (Correct Answer)
- B. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- C. Social skills training
- D. Self-instructional training
Crisis Intervention Explanation: **Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)**
- **ABA** is a highly structured, evidence-based therapy that focuses on teaching specific skills by breaking them down into smaller steps and using **positive reinforcement**.
- It is particularly effective for children with intellectual disabilities in acquiring **adaptive daily living skills**, communication, and social behaviors.
*Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)*
- **CBT** primarily targets changing negative thought patterns and behaviors, requiring a level of abstract reasoning that may be challenging for children with significant intellectual disabilities.
- While it can be adapted, its core methods rely on cognitive processes that might not be the most direct approach for teaching basic daily life skills to a mentally challenged child.
*Social skills training*
- **Social skills training** focuses specifically on improving social interactions and communication within social contexts.
- While important for overall development, it is a subcomponent of broader skill development and may not directly address all aspects of **daily living skills** in a comprehensive manner.
*Self-instructional training*
- **Self-instructional training** involves teaching individuals to guide themselves through tasks using internal speech or self-talk, which relies on a child's ability to internalize and follow complex verbal instructions.
- This approach might be too cognitively demanding for a child with significant developmental delays when the primary goal is mastering basic, functional daily life skills.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 4: Post-traumatic stress disorder is characterized by all except:
- A. Flashback and nightmare
- B. Re-experiencing stressful events
- C. Exposure to traumatic events
- D. It doesn't develop after 6 months of stress (Correct Answer)
Crisis Intervention Explanation: ***It doesn't develop after 6 months of stress***
- This statement is **FALSE** and is therefore the correct answer to this "EXCEPT" question.
- **PTSD can develop at any time** following a traumatic event, including months or even years later - there is no upper time limit for symptom onset.
- The **DSM-5 includes a "delayed expression" specifier** for cases where full diagnostic criteria are not met until at least 6 months after the trauma.
- While most cases develop within **3 months of the traumatic event**, delayed onset is well-documented and clinically recognized.
- This distinguishes PTSD from **Acute Stress Disorder**, which by definition occurs within 3 days to 4 weeks after trauma exposure.
*Flashback and nightmare*
- **Flashbacks** (dissociative reactions where the person feels the traumatic event is recurring) and **nightmares** are core symptoms of PTSD.
- These belong to the **re-experiencing/intrusion symptom cluster** (Criterion B in DSM-5).
- These involuntary recollections cause significant distress and are hallmark features of the disorder.
*Re-experiencing stressful events*
- **Re-experiencing symptoms** are one of the four main symptom clusters required for PTSD diagnosis.
- This includes intrusive memories, traumatic nightmares, flashbacks, and intense psychological/physiological reactions to trauma reminders.
- These symptoms reflect the **inability to integrate the traumatic memory** properly, leading to involuntary reactivation.
*Exposure to traumatic events*
- **Criterion A: Exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence** is the essential prerequisite for PTSD diagnosis.
- This exposure can be through direct experience, witnessing, learning it happened to a close other, or repeated/extreme exposure to aversive details.
- Without documented trauma exposure, PTSD cannot be diagnosed regardless of symptom presentation.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 5: Best therapy suited to teach daily life skill to a mentally challenged child:
- A. Contingency management (Correct Answer)
- B. Cognitive reconstruction
- C. Self instruction
- D. CBT (Cognitive behavior therapy)
Crisis Intervention Explanation: ***Contingency management***
- This therapy involves consistently **rewarding desired behaviors** and withholding rewards for undesirable ones, which is highly effective for teaching new skills to individuals with intellectual disabilities.
- It uses principles of **operant conditioning** to shape behavior through positive reinforcement, making it suitable for acquiring daily living skills.
*Cognitive reconstruction*
- This technique focuses on identifying and changing **maladaptive thought patterns**, which typically requires a higher level of cognitive function.
- It is generally not the primary or most effective approach for teaching concrete daily life skills to individuals with significant **cognitive limitations**.
*Self instruction*
- This involves teaching individuals to guide their own behavior using **internal verbal cues** or self-talk.
- While beneficial for some, it often requires a certain degree of **abstract thinking** and memory, making it less suitable as a standalone method for those with profound cognitive challenges in acquiring basic skills.
*CBT (Cognitive behavior therapy)*
- CBT integrates cognitive and behavioral strategies to address emotional and behavioral problems by modifying **thoughts, feelings, and behaviors**.
- While beneficial for a range of psychological issues, its emphasis on **cognitive restructuring** makes it less directly applicable or the most effective first-line therapy for teaching concrete, functional daily living skills to mentally challenged children.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 6: Which section of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) pertains to the M'naghten rule?
- A. CrPC 48
- B. IPC 84 (Correct Answer)
- C. IPC 302
- D. CPC 48
Crisis Intervention Explanation: ***IPC 84***
- This section of the Indian Penal Code deals with the defense of **insanity**, stating that nothing is an offense committed by a person who, at the time of doing it, by reason of unsoundness of mind, is incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or that what he is doing is either wrong or contrary to law.
- This provision is directly derived from and embodies the principles of the **M'naghten rule**, which establishes the legal test for criminal insanity.
*IPC 302*
- This section of the Indian Penal Code pertains to the punishment for **murder**.
- It defines the penalty for the offense but does not relate to defenses based on the mental state of the accused.
*CrPC 48*
- This section is from the **Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC)**, not the IPC, and deals with the pursuit of offenders by the police into any place in India.
- It governs police powers regarding arrest and investigation, which is unrelated to the M'naghten rule.
*CPC 48*
- This section refers to the **Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)**, which governs civil suits and proceedings, not criminal law or defenses.
- Specifically, it deals with the enforcement of decrees, which has no connection to criminal responsibility or mental health defenses.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 7: Management of a violent patient in psychiatry includes all except:
- A. CBT (Correct Answer)
- B. Haloperidol
- C. ECT
- D. BZD
Crisis Intervention Explanation: ***CBT***
- **Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)** is a long-term psychological intervention aimed at changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviors. It is **not suitable for immediate management** of an acutely violent patient.
- While CBT can be beneficial for aggression management in a stable patient, it requires patient cooperation, cognitive engagement, and time, which are not available during a **violent psychiatric emergency**.
*Haloperidol*
- **Haloperidol** is a potent typical antipsychotic frequently used in acute settings for rapid tranquilization of violent or severely agitated patients.
- It is effective in reducing **psychosis-related agitation** and can be administered **intramuscularly** for quick onset of action.
- Often used in combination with benzodiazepines for optimal control of acute violence.
*ECT*
- **Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)** may be considered in **severe, treatment-resistant cases** of violence associated with conditions like uncontrolled mania, catatonic excitement, or psychotic depression when pharmacological interventions have failed.
- While not used for immediate acute management due to logistical requirements (consent, anesthesia, specialized setup), it can be an effective option for severe psychiatric conditions with persistent violence.
- It works by inducing a brief controlled seizure, which can rapidly alleviate severe symptoms.
*BZD*
- **Benzodiazepines (BZDs)** like lorazepam or diazepam are **first-line agents** in the acute management of violent or agitated patients due to their rapid anxiolytic, sedative, and muscle relaxant properties.
- They are particularly useful for **calming acute agitation** and are often combined with antipsychotics for rapid tranquilization.
- Can be administered intramuscularly or intravenously for quick action in psychiatric emergencies.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 8: Which of the following is false regarding parasuicide?
- A. Also known as attempted suicide.
- B. Mostly seen in psychological disturbances.
- C. A conscious, impulsive, manipulative act to get rid of an intolerable situation.
- D. Hanging is the most common form. (Correct Answer)
Crisis Intervention Explanation: **Explanation:**
**Parasuicide** (also known as Deliberate Self-Harm) refers to a non-fatal act in which an individual deliberately causes self-injury or ingests a substance in excess of the prescribed dosage.
**Why Option D is the correct answer (False statement):**
Hanging is the most common method used in **completed suicides**, not parasuicide. In parasuicide, the intent is often not to die but to communicate distress or manipulate a situation. Therefore, the methods chosen are usually less lethal and allow for intervention. The most common method of parasuicide is **self-poisoning** (e.g., drug overdose or pesticide ingestion) or **superficial wrist cutting**.
**Analysis of other options:**
* **Option A:** Parasuicide is synonymous with **attempted suicide**, though the term is specifically used for acts where the intent to die is low or ambiguous.
* **Option B:** It is frequently seen in individuals with **psychological disturbances**, most notably **Borderline Personality Disorder**, depression, and substance abuse.
* **Option C:** It is often a **conscious and impulsive act**. It is frequently described as "manipulative" (or a "cry for help") because the goal is often to escape an intolerable emotional state or to influence the behavior of others.
**High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:**
* **Gender:** Parasuicide is more common in **females**, whereas completed suicide is more common in **males** (Gender Paradox).
* **Age:** Most common in the younger age group (15–30 years).
* **Strongest Predictor:** A previous history of parasuicide is the strongest predictor of a future completed suicide.
* **SAD PERSONS Scale:** Used to assess the risk of suicide in clinical settings.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 9: A 20-year-old male with a known history of mental illness presented to the emergency room with aggressive behavior and a tendency to physically attack others. Following a psychiatric evaluation, he was prescribed new medications and his previous medication dosage was adjusted. Three days later, he returned to the emergency room with fever (105°F), stiff limbs, altered sensorium, and elevated serum CPK levels. What is the immediate management for this condition?
- A. Succinylcholine
- B. Dantrolene (Correct Answer)
- C. Edrophonium
- D. Neostigmine
Crisis Intervention Explanation: **Explanation:**
The patient is presenting with the classic tetrad of **Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)**: hyperpyrexia (105°F), muscular "lead-pipe" rigidity, altered mental status, and autonomic instability, following the initiation or dose escalation of antipsychotics. The elevated serum Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) confirms significant muscle necrosis due to intense rigidity.
**1. Why Dantrolene is Correct:**
NMS is a life-threatening emergency caused by central dopamine blockade. **Dantrolene** is a direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant that inhibits the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. It is the drug of choice to treat the severe muscle rigidity and hyperthermia associated with NMS, thereby preventing further rhabdomyolysis and organ failure.
**2. Why Incorrect Options are Wrong:**
* **Succinylcholine:** A depolarizing neuromuscular blocker used in anesthesia. It is strictly contraindicated here as it can worsen hyperkalemia and potentially trigger Malignant Hyperthermia.
* **Edrophonium:** A short-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in the Tensilon test to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis; it has no role in NMS.
* **Neostigmine:** An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat Myasthenia Gravis or reverse non-depolarizing muscle relaxants; it does not address the pathophysiology of NMS.
**Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:**
* **Mnemonic for NMS (FEVER):** **F**ever, **E**ncephalopathy, **V**itals unstable, **E**levated CPK/WBC, **R**igidity.
* **First step in management:** Immediately stop the offending antipsychotic agent.
* **Specific Pharmacotherapy:** **Dantrolene** (muscle relaxant) or **Bromocriptine/Amantadine** (Dopamine agonists).
* **Differential Diagnosis:** Unlike Serotonin Syndrome, NMS is characterized by "lead-pipe" rigidity and bradyreflexia, whereas Serotonin Syndrome features hyperreflexia and myoclonus.
Crisis Intervention Indian Medical PG Question 10: A patient presents to the emergency department with self-harm and indicates suicidal intent. Which of the following conditions does not warrant an immediate specialist assessment?
- A. Formal thought disorder
- B. Acute alcohol intoxication (Correct Answer)
- C. Chronic severe physical illness
- D. Social isolation
Crisis Intervention Explanation: **Explanation:**
The management of a suicidal patient in the emergency department involves identifying high-risk factors that necessitate immediate psychiatric intervention.
**Why Option B is Correct:**
**Acute alcohol intoxication** is a transient state that can significantly cloud a clinical assessment. Alcohol acts as a disinhibitor, often leading to impulsive self-harm threats that may resolve once the patient is sober. Standard clinical guidelines (such as those from NICE) suggest that a formal specialist psychiatric assessment should be deferred until the patient is sober, as the "true" underlying mental state and level of intent cannot be accurately determined while intoxicated. However, the patient must be kept in a safe environment until they are fit for assessment.
**Why the other options are wrong:**
* **A. Formal thought disorder:** This indicates a potential psychotic illness (like Schizophrenia). Psychosis is a major risk factor for "command hallucinations" or delusional thinking, which significantly increases the risk of completed suicide.
* **C. Chronic severe physical illness:** Chronic pain or terminal illness (e.g., cancer, end-stage renal disease) are well-established independent risk factors for suicide due to hopelessness and a desire to end suffering.
* **D. Social isolation:** Being single, widowed, or living alone (lack of social support) is a core demographic risk factor in suicide risk stratification (e.g., the SAD PERSONS scale).
**High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG:**
* **SAD PERSONS Scale:** A mnemonic for suicide risk (Sex: Male, Age: <19 or >45, Depression, Previous attempt, Ethanol/Drug use, Rational thinking loss, Social support lacking, Organized plan, No spouse, Sickness).
* **Most common method of completed suicide:** Hanging (India and globally).
* **Most common method of attempted suicide:** Poisoning/Drug overdose.
* **Strongest predictor of suicide:** A previous history of self-harm or suicide attempts.
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