Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Practice Indian Medical PG questions for Developmental Screening and Assessment. These multiple choice questions (MCQs) cover important concepts and help you prepare for your exams.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 1: Which of the following attributes are essential for an ideal screening test?
- A. Safe
- B. Reliable
- C. Valid
- D. All of the options (Correct Answer)
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***All of the options***
- An ideal screening test must possess **all three essential attributes**: safety, reliability, and validity.
- **Safe**: Minimizes harm to participants and ensures ethical implementation
- **Reliable**: Produces consistent, reproducible results with minimal random error
- **Valid**: Accurately measures what it intends to measure (high sensitivity and specificity)
- These three attributes work together as fundamental requirements for any effective screening program, ensuring that early detection benefits outweigh potential risks.
*Safe (alone)*
- While safety is absolutely essential, it is **not sufficient by itself** to make an ideal screening test.
- A test that is safe but unreliable or invalid would produce inconsistent or inaccurate results, rendering it ineffective for screening purposes.
*Reliable (alone)*
- Reliability ensures consistent results, which is crucial, but **reliability alone is insufficient**.
- A test can be highly reliable (consistently giving the same result) yet completely invalid if it measures the wrong thing or is unsafe.
*Valid (alone)*
- Validity is critical for accurate measurement, but **validity alone does not make a test ideal**.
- Even a valid test must be safe to protect participants and reliable to ensure consistency across different settings and times.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 2: All of the following are classified under Pervasive Developmental Disorders except?
- A. Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
- B. Down Syndrome (Correct Answer)
- C. Asperger Syndrome
- D. Rett Syndrome
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***Down Syndrome***
- **Down syndrome** is a **chromosomal disorder** (Trisomy 21) causing intellectual disability and distinctive physical features, not a pervasive developmental disorder.
- Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) are characterized by difficulties in **social interaction**, **communication**, and repetitive behaviors, which are distinct from the genetic origin of Down syndrome.
*Childhood Disintegrative Disorder*
- **Childhood disintegrative disorder** (CDD) is a rare PDD characterized by a significant loss of previously acquired skills in multiple developmental areas after at least two years of normal development.
- It involves severe regression in social, communication, and motor skills, aligning with the criteria for a PDD.
*Asperger Syndrome*
- **Asperger syndrome** was previously classified as a PDD, characterized by difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, alongside restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests.
- Individuals with Asperger syndrome typically have average or above-average intelligence and no significant delay in language development.
*Rett Syndrome*
- **Rett syndrome** is a neurodevelopmental disorder classified as a PDD, almost exclusively affecting females, characterized by normal early development followed by a period of regression.
- It involves the loss of purposeful hand movements, development of stereotypical hand movements, and severe impairments in language and motor skills.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 3: A 3-year-old child with delayed speech development, prefers to play alone and is not making friends. The likely diagnosis is
- A. Autism (Correct Answer)
- B. Specific learning disability
- C. Rett's syndrome
- D. ADHD
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***Autism***
- **Delayed speech development**, a preference for playing alone, and difficulty making friends are classic diagnostic criteria for **Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)**.
- ASD is characterized by persistent deficits in **social communication and social interaction** across multiple contexts, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
*Specific learning disability*
- A specific learning disability primarily affects academic skills (e.g., **reading, writing, arithmetic**) in individuals with otherwise average intelligence.
- While it can impact social interactions due to frustration or self-esteem issues, its core features are not primarily related to delayed speech or intrinsic difficulties in social engagement.
*Rett's syndrome*
- Rett's syndrome is a rare **neurodevelopmental disorder** that almost exclusively affects females and is caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene.
- It is characterized by initial normal development followed by a regression of skills, including **purposeful hand movements**, speech, and gait, often presenting with stereotypic hand-wringing.
- The clinical presentation here shows early developmental concerns without regression, making ASD more likely.
*ADHD*
- **Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)** is characterized by symptoms of **inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity**.
- While children with ADHD may have difficulty with social interactions due to impulsivity or inattention, delayed speech development and a consistent preference for solitary play are not primary diagnostic features.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 4: Absence of which of the given milestones in a 3 year old child should be called delayed development?
- A. Hopping on one leg
- B. Catching a ball reliably
- C. Drawing a square
- D. Feeding by spoon (Correct Answer)
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***Feeding by spoon***
- The ability to **feed oneself with a spoon** is typically achieved by **15 to 18 months of age**, making its absence in a 3-year-old a sign of delayed development.
- This milestone reflects both **fine motor coordination** and **self-help skills**.
*Hopping on one leg*
- **Hopping on one leg** is a gross motor skill usually developed between **4 and 5 years of age**, so a 3-year-old not yet doing this is within the normal developmental range.
- This skill requires advanced **balance** and **coordination**.
*Catching a ball reliably*
- **Catching a ball reliably** typically emerges around **4 to 5 years of age**, as it requires good **hand-eye coordination** and **anticipation skills**.
- A 3-year-old's inability to catch a ball reliably is not considered delayed.
*Drawing a square*
- The ability to **draw a square** is usually achieved by **4 to 5 years of age**, requiring fine motor precision and visuomotor integration.
- At 3 years, children are more likely to be able to copy a **circle** or **vertical line**.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 5: A 6 years old child with development delay, can ride a tricycle, can climb upstairs with alternate feet, but downstairs with 2 feet per step, can tell his name, knows his own sex, but cannot narrate a story. What is his development age?
- A. 5 years
- B. 4 years
- C. 2 years
- D. 3 years (Correct Answer)
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***3 years***
- The child can **ride a tricycle**, a hallmark motor skill typically achieved around **3 years of age**.
- **Climbing stairs with alternate feet going up but 2 feet per step coming down** is the classic stair-climbing pattern for a 3-year-old.
- Knowing their **name** and **sex** are cognitive and language milestones usually reached by **3 years**.
- While story-telling emerges around 3 years, it's variable—some 3-year-olds tell simple stories while others don't yet. The **preponderance of clear 3-year milestones** (especially motor skills) establishes this as the developmental age.
*5 years*
- A 5-year-old child would typically be able to **narrate a story** with a clear beginning, middle, and end, which this child cannot do.
- They can usually **skip**, **hop on one foot**, and **ride a bicycle with training wheels**—more advanced motor skills than demonstrated here.
*4 years*
- A 4-year-old child should be able to **hop on one foot**, **throw ball overhand**, and **narrate simple stories**, which this child cannot fully demonstrate.
- They typically **go down stairs with alternate feet**, not 2 feet per step as described.
*2 years*
- A 2-year-old child typically **walks and runs well**, but cannot **ride a tricycle** or **climb stairs with alternate feet** consistently.
- Their language skills are more limited, usually consisting of **two-to-three-word phrases**, rather than knowing their full name and sex.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 6: A child with pervasive developmental disorder will have all of the following except:
- A. Stereotyped behaviour
- B. Reduced social interaction
- C. Poor language skills
- D. Impaired cognition (Correct Answer)
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***Impaired cognition***
- While some individuals with **pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)** may have comorbid intellectual disability, **impaired cognition is not a universal or defining characteristic** of PDDs.
- Many individuals with PDDs, particularly those with **Asperger's syndrome**, have **average or above-average intelligence**.
- Intelligence quotient (IQ) varies widely across the autism spectrum, making cognitive impairment a non-essential feature.
*Stereotyped behaviour*
- **Stereotyped and repetitive behaviors** (e.g., hand flapping, rocking, rigid adherence to routines) are a **core diagnostic criterion** for PDDs, including autism spectrum disorder.
- These behaviors are part of the **restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities** domain in diagnostic criteria.
*Reduced social interaction*
- Significant **deficits in social interaction and communication** are a **hallmark feature** of PDDs.
- This manifests as difficulty with reciprocal social communication, impaired ability to interpret social cues, and challenges in forming age-appropriate peer relationships.
*Poor language skills*
- **Communication impairments**, including poor language skills, are a **common feature** of PDDs, especially in classical autism.
- This can include delayed speech development, unusual language patterns (e.g., **echolalia**, pronoun reversal), or complete absence of verbal communication in severe cases.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 7: At what age do most children reach a height of 100 cm?
- A. 3 years
- B. 2 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 4 years (Correct Answer)
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: **4 years**
- Most children reach approximately **100 cm** in height around their fourth birthday.
- This represents a doubling of their birth length, as the average birth length is around 50 cm.
*2 years*
- A child's height at 2 years is typically around **86-89 cm**.
- While they have often doubled their birth weight by then, they haven't typically reached 100 cm in height.
*3 years*
- By 3 years of age, the average height for a child is usually between **94-96 cm**.
- This is close, but still generally less than the 100 cm mark.
*5 years*
- Children aged 5 years are generally taller than **100 cm**, typically averaging around **108-110 cm**.
- Reaching 100 cm would occur well before this age.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 8: A child is able to build a tower of 5 cubes. The developmental age is:
- A. 12 months
- B. 15 months
- C. 18 months
- D. 24 months (Correct Answer)
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***24 months***
- A child typically develops the fine motor skill to build a tower of **5-6 cubes** by the age of **24 months (2 years)**.
- This milestone reflects increasing control over hand-eye coordination and manipulation.
*12 months*
- At **12 months**, a child can usually **bang two cubes together** and may attempt to build a tower of **2 cubes** but rarely 5.
- Their primary fine motor skills involve pincer grasp and exploring objects.
*15 months*
- A child at **15 months** can typically build a tower of **2-3 cubes**.
- They are starting to refine their building skills but usually haven't reached 5 cubes.
*18 months*
- By **18 months**, a child can often build a tower of **3-4 cubes**.
- While showing significant progress, building a tower of 5 cubes is usually just beyond this age.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 9: What is the average weight gain per day for infants from 6 weeks to 12 weeks of age?
- A. 30 g/d (Correct Answer)
- B. 40 g/d
- C. 50 g/d
- D. 60 g/d
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***30 g/d***
- From **6 to 12 weeks** of age, infants typically experience a rapid growth phase, with an average daily weight gain of approximately **30 grams** (or about 1 ounce per day).
- This rate of gain is crucial for monitoring proper nutrition and overall development during this early stage of infancy.
*40 g/d*
- A daily weight gain of **40 g/d** is higher than the typical average for infants between 6 and 12 weeks of age.
- While individual growth rates can vary, sustained gains at this level might raise questions about overfeeding or unusually rapid growth, although it is not usually a cause for concern.
*50 g/d*
- A weight gain of **50 g/d** is significantly above the expected average for infants in the 6- to 12-week age range.
- Such rapid weight gain, if sustained, could indicate excessive caloric intake or potentially signal underlying metabolic issues that need evaluation.
*60 g/d*
- A daily weight gain of **60 g/d** is an exceptionally high rate for infants between 6 and 12 weeks, far exceeding the average.
- This level of growth would be a strong indicator for further investigation into feeding practices and the infant's health to rule out any potential concerns.
Developmental Screening and Assessment Indian Medical PG Question 10: Bilateral grasp is seen at what age?
- A. 6 months
- B. 3 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 5 months (Correct Answer)
Developmental Screening and Assessment Explanation: ***5 months***
- At **5 months**, infants typically develop the ability to **reach for and grasp objects with both hands**, demonstrating improved coordination and control.
- This age marks a transition from reflexive grasping to more intentional and bilateral manipulation of objects.
*6 months*
- While fine motor skills continue to develop at 6 months, **bilateral grasp** is usually well-established by this age, having emerged earlier.
- At 6 months, infants are often progressing towards **unilateral grasp** and transferring objects between hands.
*3 months*
- At **3 months**, infants are typically still developing head control and beginning to reach, but their grasp is often still a **reflexive palmar grasp** rather than intentional bilateral grasping.
- Reaching at this age is usually more swiping or batting at objects rather than a coordinated grasp.
*9 months*
- By **9 months**, infants have developed more refined pincer grasp and are capable of complex manipulation of objects with a single hand.
- **Bilateral grasp** is a much earlier developmental milestone than the advanced skills seen at 9 months.
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