Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Practice Indian Medical PG questions for Health Planning Process. These multiple choice questions (MCQs) cover important concepts and help you prepare for your exams.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 1: Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the strategic plan for malaria control 2012-2017?
- A. 50% reduction in mortality by 2017
- B. Objective is API < 1 per 10,000 (Correct Answer)
- C. Complete treatment to 100% of patients
- D. Annual incidence < 1 per 1000 by 2017
Health Planning Process Explanation: ***Objective is API < 1 per 10,000***
- The correct objective for the **Annual Parasite Incidence (API)** in the 2012-2017 strategic plan for malaria control was to reduce it to **less than 1 per 1,000 population**, not 1 per 10,000, making this statement incorrect.
- This metric measures the number of new malaria cases per 1,000 people per year.
*50% reduction in mortality by 2017*
- A key objective of the **National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India** (which this strategic plan aimed to contribute to) was indeed to achieve a significant reduction in malaria-related mortality.
- Specifically, aiming for a **50% reduction in mortality** by 2017 was a stated goal to lessen the disease burden.
*Annual incidence < 1 per 1000 by 2017*
- One of the primary goals of the **Malaria Control Strategic Plan 2012-2017** was to reduce the annual parasite incidence (API) to **less than 1 per 1,000 population** in all endemic areas.
- This target focused on decreasing the occurrence of new malaria cases.
*Complete treatment to 100% of patients*
- A core component of malaria control strategies emphasizes ensuring that **all confirmed malaria cases** receive complete and effective treatment.
- Achieving **100% complete treatment adherence** is crucial to prevent drug resistance and eliminate the parasite reservoir.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 2: In Ayushman Bharat under School Health Services, which of the following is not included?
- A. Health check-up/screening
- B. Albendazole provision
- C. Monthly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation
- D. Providing free spectacles (Correct Answer)
Health Planning Process Explanation: ***Providing free spectacles***
- Under Ayushman Bharat School Health Services and RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram), while **vision screening** is universally implemented, the provision of **free spectacles** is not uniformly guaranteed across all states and depends on fund availability and state-level implementation.
- The primary focus remains on **screening and referral**, with spectacle provision being supplementary rather than a core mandated service compared to the other interventions listed.
- Unlike the other three services which are universally delivered, free spectacles provision shows **geographic and implementation variability**.
*Health check-up/screening*
- **Comprehensive health check-ups** and screenings are a mandatory core component of the Ayushman Bharat School Health Program implemented uniformly across all states.
- This includes screening for common conditions like **vision problems**, **hearing impairments**, **dental issues**, and growth monitoring.
*Albendazole provision*
- The administration of **Albendazole** for biannual deworming is a standard, universally implemented practice under the National Deworming Day initiative integrated with School Health Programs.
- This is part of a broader strategy to improve the **nutritional status** and overall health of school-going children.
*Monthly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation*
- **Iron Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation** through the Weekly Iron Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS) program is a key mandated intervention to combat **anemia** among adolescents (10-19 years).
- This is universally implemented through School Health Services and directly contributes to improving **cognitive function** and physical health of students.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 3: STEPS is done for:
- A. Surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable disease (Correct Answer)
- B. Surveillance of mortality from non-communicable disease
- C. Surveillance of evaluation of treatment of non-communicable disease
- D. Surveillance of incidence of non-communicable disease
Health Planning Process Explanation: ***Surveillance of risk factors of non-communicable disease***
- STEPS is a **WHO-designed sequential survey** that tracks **risk factors** of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in a stepwise approach.
- It collects data on behavioral risk factors (e.g., tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity), physical measurements (e.g., blood pressure, weight, height), and biochemical measurements (e.g., blood glucose, cholesterol).
*Surveillance of mortality from non-communicable disease*
- While related to NCDs, STEPS primarily focuses on **risk factors** that lead to these diseases, not directly on mortality data.
- Mortality surveillance is typically conducted through **vital registration systems** and health information systems.
*Surveillance of evaluation of treatment of non-communicable disease*
- STEPS surveys are not designed to evaluate the **effectiveness of specific treatments** for NCDs.
- Evaluating treatment efficacy usually involves **clinical trials** or specific cohort studies.
*Surveillance of incidence of non-communicable disease*
- Although the presence of risk factors influences incidence, STEPS primarily measures the **prevalence of risk factors**, not the incidence (new cases) of NCDs themselves.
- Incidence studies require longitudinal follow-up of populations.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 4: According to Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) - 'Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages', what is the target for reducing the global maternal mortality ratio by 2030?
- A. 100
- B. 50
- C. 70 (Correct Answer)
- D. 90
Health Planning Process Explanation: ***70***
- SDG 3 aims to reduce the **global maternal mortality ratio** to less than **70 per 100,000 live births** by 2030.
- This target emphasizes improving maternal health outcomes worldwide and preventing deaths related to pregnancy and childbirth.
*100*
- While a reduction is sought, a target of 100 per 100,000 live births is **not ambitious enough** to meet the specific goal set by SDG 3.
- The established global target is lower, reflecting a greater commitment to maternal health.
*50*
- A target of 50 per 100,000 live births would be **more ambitious** than the SDG 3 goal.
- While desirable, it is not the specific, agreed-upon target for the global average under SDG 3.
*90*
- A target of 90 per 100,000 live births is **higher** than the established SDG 3 goal.
- This value does not align with the specific global maternal mortality ratio target set for 2030.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 5: In a village, despite health education for oral cancer, people don't follow instructions even after referral. Despite persuasive reminders, people are still reluctant. This best fits under which model:
- A. Health belief model
- B. Public health model
- C. Social compliance
- D. Trans-theoretical model (Correct Answer)
Health Planning Process Explanation: ***Trans-theoretical model***
- This model emphasizes that individuals move through distinct stages (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance) when adopting a new behavior. The villagers' reluctance to follow instructions, despite education and reminders, suggests they are likely in the **precontemplation** or **contemplation** stages, where they are either unaware of the problem or are not yet ready to take action.
- The model accounts for the **difficulty in behavior change** even with external efforts, as readiness to change is internal and stages are progressive.
*Health belief model*
- This model focuses on an individual's perception of the **threat of a health problem** and the **pros and cons of taking action**. While education might address perceived susceptibility and severity, the model doesn't fully explain why people remain reluctant even after persuasive reminders, suggesting other factors beyond belief are at play.
- It primarily explains *why* individuals might *consider* changing their behavior but not necessarily *how* they progress through the actual change process.
*Public health model*
- The public health model is a broad framework used to understand and address health issues at a population level, often focusing on **prevention, promotion, and interventions**. While addressing oral cancer in a village fits within this model's scope, it doesn't specifically explain the *individual psychological barriers* to behavioral change, like reluctance despite education and reminders.
- This model is more about **strategies and policies** for population health rather than individual behavior change.
*Social compliance*
- Social compliance refers to individuals conforming to rules or requests from authority figures or social norms. The scenario explicitly states that despite "persuasive reminders," people are "reluctant," indicating a **lack of compliance** rather than an explanation for the behavior itself.
- This term describes the *outcome* of behavior in a social context, not the *underlying psychological process* of behavior change over time.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 6: You are working in a primary health center (PHC) situated in a high seismic zone. Which of the following actions should you take as part of preparedness for an emergency?
- A. Ensure all financial and other resources are available for disaster preparedness.
- B. Increase public awareness through campaigns and loudspeakers.
- C. Follow instructions given over the phone or radio by higher officials.
- D. Conduct a simulation for the disaster and assess the response. (Correct Answer)
Health Planning Process Explanation: ***Conduct a simulation for the disaster and assess the response.***
- **Simulation exercises** are crucial for testing the effectiveness of a disaster preparedness plan and identifying weaknesses in the response system.
- This allows for refinement of protocols, training of personnel, and ensuring that all team members understand their roles during an actual emergency.
*Ensure all financial and other resources are available for disaster preparedness.*
- While important for effective disaster management, simply "ensuring" resources are available is not an action of preparedness, but rather an **enabling condition**.
- This statement focuses on the availability of resources rather than a proactive step to prepare the PHC for an emergency.
*Increase public awareness through campaigns and loudspeakers.*
- **Public awareness campaigns** are vital for community preparedness, but this action is primarily for the general population and not a specific preparedness action for the PHC itself in terms of its operational readiness.
- While a PHC might be involved in public awareness, its core preparedness involves internal actions to ensure its functionality during a disaster.
*Follow instructions given over the phone or radio by higher officials.*
- This describes a reaction during or immediately before a disaster, rather than a proactive **preparedness measure**.
- Relying solely on real-time instructions from higher officials during an emergency without prior planning can lead to delays and inefficiencies.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 7: Which of the following procedures is not typically covered by the National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) for reimbursement of surgery done by a non-governmental organization (NGO) eye hospital?
- A. Cataract surgery
- B. Pan retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy
- C. Syringing and probing of the nasolacrimal duct (Correct Answer)
- D. Trabeculectomy surgery
Health Planning Process Explanation: ***Syringing and probing of the nasolacrimal duct***
- While important for lacrimal drainage issues, procedures like **syringing and probing** are generally considered minor and less vision-restoring compared to the major surgeries targeted by the **NPCB**.
- The **NPCB** focuses on interventions for leading causes of blindness, primarily **cataract** and other significant vision-threatening conditions, which this procedure typically isn't.
*Cataract surgery*
- **Cataract surgery** is a cornerstone of the **NPCB's** efforts, as cataracts are the leading cause of reversible blindness.
- Reimbursement for **cataract surgery** is a primary objective to improve access and reduce the burden of blindness.
*Pan retinal photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy*
- **Diabetic retinopathy** is a major cause of preventable blindness, and **pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP)** is a key intervention to preserve vision.
- The **NPCB** includes procedures for **diabetic retinopathy** management due to its significant public health impact.
*Trabeculectomy surgery*
- **Trabeculectomy** is a surgical procedure for **glaucoma**, which is another significant cause of irreversible blindness.
- The **NPCB** includes interventions for **glaucoma** given its severe vision-threatening nature and the need for surgical management in many cases.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 8: Which of the following was NOT an actual goal of the WHO 'Health for All by 2000' strategy?
- A. All people will be healthy by 2000 A.D (Correct Answer)
- B. Equal health status for people and countries
- C. All will have socially and economically productive life
- D. All people have access to health care services
Health Planning Process Explanation: ***All people will be healthy by 2000 A.D***
- This statement represents an **absolute and unrealistic outcome** that was not a practical goal of the WHO's "Health for All by 2000" strategy.
- The strategy aimed for a **significant improvement in health status** and equity, not the complete eradication of all illness.
*Equal health status for people and countries*
- This was a core aspiration of the "Health for All by 2000" strategy, focusing on **reducing health disparities** between different populations and nations.
- The aim was to achieve a more **equitable distribution of health resources** and outcomes globally.
*All will have socially and economically productive life*
- This goal emphasized the importance of health as a prerequisite for **social and economic development**, allowing individuals to participate fully in society.
- It highlights the concept that health is not merely the absence of disease but a state that enables a **productive and fulfilling life**.
*All people are accessible to health care services*
- **Universal access** to essential health care services was a fundamental pillar of the "Health for All by 2000" strategy.
- This meant ensuring that **primary healthcare** was available and affordable to everyone, regardless of their location or socioeconomic status.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 9: In which year was the Second National Family Health Survey conducted?
- A. 1992-93
- B. 1998-99 (Correct Answer)
- C. 2005-2006
- D. 2008-2009
Health Planning Process Explanation: **Explanation:**
The **National Family Health Survey (NFHS)** is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India. It is the primary source of data on fertility, family planning, infant and child mortality, and maternal and child health.
**Correct Option: B (1998-99)**
The **NFHS-2** was conducted in 1998-99 across all 26 states of India. This round was significant as it expanded the scope of the survey to include information on the quality of health and family welfare services, nutritional status of women and children (including anemia), and issues related to domestic violence and women's autonomy.
**Analysis of Incorrect Options:**
* **Option A (1992-93):** This marks the **NFHS-1**, the first survey in the series, which established the baseline for demographic and health indicators in India.
* **Option C (2005-06):** This marks the **NFHS-3**. This round was notable for being the first to include testing for HIV prevalence and for including men in the survey sample.
* **Option D (2008-09):** No NFHS was conducted during this period. The gap between NFHS-3 and NFHS-4 was unusually long (approximately 10 years).
**High-Yield Facts for NEET-PG:**
* **Nodal Agency:** The International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, serves as the nodal agency for all NFHS rounds.
* **NFHS-4 (2015-16):** The first to provide **district-level estimates** and included blood pressure and blood glucose measurements.
* **NFHS-5 (2019-21):** The most recent completed survey; it added data on expanded screening for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and child immunization.
* **Current Status:** NFHS-6 fieldwork was initiated in 2023-24.
Health Planning Process Indian Medical PG Question 10: Which dimension of the Human Development Index (HDI) is measured to check a good standard of living?
- A. Income (Correct Answer)
- B. Knowledge
- C. Longevity
- D. Housing
Health Planning Process Explanation: **Explanation:**
The **Human Development Index (HDI)** is a composite statistical tool used by the UNDP to measure a country's overall achievement in its social and economic dimensions. It is based on three fundamental dimensions, each represented by specific indicators:
1. **A Decent Standard of Living (Correct Option A):** This dimension is measured by **Gross National Income (GNI) per capita** (PPP $). It reflects the purchasing power and economic resources available to an individual to achieve a quality life.
2. **Knowledge (Option B):** This dimension is measured by two indicators: Mean years of schooling (for adults aged 25+) and Expected years of schooling (for children of school-entry age).
3. **Longevity/Long and Healthy Life (Option C):** This is measured by **Life Expectancy at Birth**.
**Why Option D is wrong:** While **Housing** is a component of the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) or other socio-economic scales (like the Multi-dimensional Poverty Index), it is not a direct dimension of the HDI.
**High-Yield Facts for NEET-PG:**
* **HDI Components:** Life Expectancy (Health), Education (Knowledge), and GNI per capita (Standard of Living).
* **Calculation:** HDI is the **Geometric Mean** of the normalized indices of the three dimensions.
* **Range:** The value ranges from **0 to 1**.
* **PQLI vs. HDI:** PQLI includes Infant Mortality Rate, Life Expectancy at age 1, and Literacy (it does **not** include income). HDI is currently the preferred global indicator for development.
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